Gastric emptying as assessed by barium-impregnated polyethylene spheres in healthy dogs consuming a commercial kibble ration

Barium-impregnated polyethylene spheres (BIPS) were used to assess gastric emptying in medium-sized dogs consuming a commercial kibble ration. Two sizes of spheres were used: 1.5 mm and 5.0 mm in diameter. Ventrodorsal and right lateral recumbent radiographs were taken immediately before and after consumption of the test meal, and then hourly. The lag phase and the time to 25% (GET25), 50% (GET50), and 75% (GET75) gastric emptying of each sized marker were calculated. There was no significant difference between the lag phases of the small and large BIPS. There was a significant difference between the 1.5 and 5.0 markers at GET25, GET50, and GET75 in these medium-sized dogs. In a majority (70%) of the dogs in this study, GET25 of the 1.5-mm marker occurred at 4.73+/-1.44 hours; GET50 (1.5 mm) occurred at 8.29+/-1.62 hours, and GET75 (1.5 mm) occurred at 10.82+/-1.35 hours. The 5.0-mm markers tended to empty erratically and slowly. Four of the eight dogs retained some of the large markers in their stomachs at the end of the study period (24 hours).

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Adaptation to high-fat diet accelerates emptying of fat but not carbohydrate test meals in humans

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00190.2001 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 282 (2) ◽

pp. R366-R371 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

K. E. Castiglione ◽

N. W. Read ◽

S. J. French

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Test Meal ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Lag Phase ◽

High Fat ◽

Free Living ◽

Gastric Emptying Rate ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Before And After

Previous work has shown that the gastric emptying rate in animals and humans can adapt due to previous dietary intake. The present study investigated whether adaptation in gastric emptying rate due to consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) is nutrient specific in humans. Gastric emptying of high-fat and high-carbohydrate test meals was measured (using gamma scintigraphy) before and after consumption of an HFD for 14 days in eight free-living male volunteers. Visual analog ratings of appetite were recorded throughout each test. There was no effect of HFD on any parameters of gastric emptying rate (lag phase, half-emptying time, and linear emptying rate) measured for carbohydrate test meals. HFD led to an acceleration of the linear emptying rate of the high-fat test meal (0.36 vs. 0.47%/min; P < 0.05). All meals reduced appetite ratings, but there were no differences between tests. These results support our previous findings of accelerated gastric emptying of high-fat test meals following an HFD and show that these changes appear to be nutrient specific, confirming recent studies in rats.

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Simultaneous Measurement of Gastric Emptying of a Soup Test Meal Using MRI and Gamma Scintigraphy

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics10030170 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 170 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Asseel Khalaf ◽

Caroline L. Hoad ◽

Elaine Blackshaw ◽

Jaber Alyami ◽

Robin C. Spiller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Test Meal ◽

Retention Rate ◽

Stomach Contents ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Gamma Scintigraphy ◽

Clinical Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

The Individual

Measurement of gastric emptying is of clinical value for a range of conditions. Gamma scintigraphy (GS) has an established role, but the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently increased. Previous comparison studies between MRI and GS showed good correlation, but were performed on separate study days. In this study, the modalities were alternated rapidly allowing direct comparison with no intra-individual variability confounds. Twelve healthy participants consumed 400 g of Technetium-99m (99mTc)-labelled soup test meal (204 kcal) and were imaged at intervals for 150 min, alternating between MRI and GS. The time to empty half of the stomach contents (T1/2) and retention rate (RR) were calculated and data correlated. The average T1/2 was similar for MRI (44 ± 6 min) and GS (35 ± 4 min) with a moderate but significant difference between the two modalities (p < 0.004). The individual T1/2 values were measured, and MRI and GS showed a good positive correlation (r = 0.95, p < 0.0001), as well as all the RRs at each time point up to 120 min. Gastric emptying was measured for the first time by MRI and GS on the same day. This may help with translating the use of this simple meal, known to elicit reliable, physiological, and pathological gastrointestinal motor, peptide, and appetite responses.

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Gastric emptying and orocaecal transit time of meals containing lactulose or inulin in men

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114510000905 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 104 (4) ◽

pp. 554-559 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Miriam Clegg ◽

Amir Shafat

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Transit Time ◽

Test Meal ◽

Breath Test ◽

Lag Phase ◽

Half Time ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Male Volunteers ◽

Transit Times ◽

Orocaecal Transit Time

The H2 breath test is ideal for orocaecal transit time (OCTT) measurement, as it is non-invasive and inexpensive. Indigestible substrates added to a test meal are metabolised by the colonic bacteria, resulting in the production of H2 which is detected in end-exhalation breath. However, the substrates themselves can alter the transit times in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present study is to compare OCTT and gastric emptying (GE) when lactulose in liquid (L-L), solid lactulose (L-S) and solid inulin (IN-S) are added to a test meal, and subsequently, to examine if inulin alters GE. Firstly, ten male volunteers were tested on three occasions. Volunteers ate a pancake breakfast containing 100 mg of 13C-octanoic acid and either 12 g of L-L, 12 g of L-S or 12 g of IN-S in a randomised order. Secondly, seven male volunteers were tested twice with meals containing either 12 g of IN-S or no substrate (NO-S). L-L induced the shortest OCTT (85·3 (sd 42·8) min) compared with L-S (162·4 (sd 62·6) min) and inulin (292·4 (sd 66·7) min; P = 0·007). GE half-time and lag phase (L-L: 61 (sd 9); L-S: 57 (sd 10); IN-S: 52 (sd 10) min; P = 0·005) were also affected, with L-L being the slowest. Thirdly, inulin reduced GE lag and latency phases (P < 0·05) compared with NO-S. Lactulose accelerates OCTT but delays GE compared with inulin. Inulin accelerates the onset of stomach emptying, but it has no effect on GE half-time. For these reasons, inulin is the preferred substrate for the H2 breath test.

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Effect of Solid-Meal Caloric Content on Gastric Emptying Kinetics of Solids and Liquids

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1629481 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 28 (04) ◽

pp. 120-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. A. Siegel ◽

L. Mortelmans ◽

E. van Cutsem ◽

V. van den Maegdenbergh ◽

M. de Roo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Test Procedure ◽

Lag Phase ◽

Caloric Content ◽

Solid Meal ◽

Liquid Component ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Kinetics Of

In this study, we have evaluated the effect of the caloric content of a physiological test meal on the gastric emptying kinetics of solids and liquids. 22 healthy male volunteers were studied in two groups matched for age. After an overnight fast, each volunteer underwent the same test procedure; in the first group (G I), 10 volunteers received a meal consisting of bread,111In-DTPA water and 1 scrambled egg labeled with 99mTc-labelled sulphur colloid; in the second group (G II) 12 volunteers were given the same meal but with 2 labeled eggs in order to increase the caloric content of the solid phase meal. Simultaneous anterior and posterior images were recorded using a dualheaded gamma camera. Solid and liquid geometric mean data were analyzed to determine the lag phase, the emptying rate and the half-emptying time for both solids and liquids. Solid and liquid gastric half-emptying times were significantly prolonged in G II compared to G I volunteers. For the solid phased, the delay was accounted for by a longer lag phase and a decrease in the equilibrium emptying rate. The emptying rate of the liquid phase was significantly decreased in G II compared to G I. Within each group, no statistically significant difference was observed between solid and liquid emptying rates. We conclude that the caloric content of the solid portion of a meal not only alters the emptying of the solid phase but also affects the emptying of the liquid component of the meal.

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Effect of pre-anesthetic fasting on gastric emptying and plasma glucose in healthy dogs of different age groups

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6260 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 289-292

Author(s):

Danielle R. Lecheta ◽

Dheywid K.M. Silva ◽

Guilherme A. Santos ◽

Marcelo S. Cunha ◽

Tamiris T. Gaspar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Age Groups ◽

Solid Food ◽

Age Group ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Healthy Dogs ◽

Dry Diet

ABSTRACT: Gastric emptying and plasma glucose were evaluated in young and adult dogs, fed with dry and wet food, submitted to different periods of pre-anesthetic fasting (6, 8, and 12 hours). Forty healthy dogs were selected, which were segmented into four groups according to the age group and type of diet. It was evaluated the gastric emptying by ultrasound and serum glycemia. Only 17.5% presented complete gastric emptying, and no significant differences were found between the 6 and 8-hour fasting evaluations, or between the age groups and the diets, considering significance level p<0.05. Mean plasma glucose values from the groups indicated normal glycemia at all times of evaluation. A significant difference was found between the means of glycemia in young and adult dogs, with the 8-hour fasting with wet diet (p=0.03) and with 12 hours with dry diet (p=0.04). Healthy young and adult dogs, in physiological equilibrium, maintain average values of plasma glucose despite prolonged periods of pre-anesthetic fasting, which may be necessary, since 8-hour fasting for solid food is not enough to provide complete gastric emptying.

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Gastric emptying flow curves separated from carbon-labeled octanoic acid breath test results

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1998.275.1.g169 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 275 (1) ◽

pp. G169-G175 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

B. D. Maes ◽

G. Mys ◽

B. J. Geypens ◽

P. Evenepoel ◽

Y. F. Ghoos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Test Meal ◽

Breath Test ◽

Octanoic Acid ◽

Lag Phase ◽

Test Results ◽

Flow Curves ◽

Mean Values ◽

Good Agreement ◽

Emptying Time

Recently, we developed the [13/14C]octanoic acid breath test to measure gastric emptying of solids. Although the method has been validated extensively, absorption, metabolism, and excretion of the label in the breath need to be corrected for. In this study a mathematical model was developed that allows for 1) separation of the global CO2 excretion after ingestion of the labeled test meal into the emptying rate of the labeled test meal from mouth to pylorus and the postgastric processing of absorption, metabolism, and excretion of the label, and 2) numerical calculation of the half-emptying time and lag phase of the emptied meal. The model was applied to the gastric emptying results obtained by simultaneous scintigraphic and breath test measurements. An excellent correlation was found between the gastric half-emptying time ( r = 0.98) and lag phase ( r = 0.85) determined scintigraphically and via breath test. There was also a good agreement between the two methods [mean values and confidence limits for differences: t ½= 10 min (−20 to 41) and t lag = −3 min (−39 to 34)]. Moreover, the separated gastric emptying curves, lacking the influence of postgastric processing of the label, showed real patterns of gastric outflow, which changes from moment to moment.

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Antibody Response to Canine Parvovirus Vaccination in Dogs with Hyperadrenocorticism Treated with Trilostane

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines8030547 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 547 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michèle Bergmann ◽

Monika Freisl ◽

Katrin Hartmann ◽

Stephanie Speck ◽

Uwe Truyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Antibody Response ◽

Matched Control ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Healthy Dogs

It is unknown how dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) respond to vaccination. This study measured antibodies against canine parvovirus (CPV) in dogs with HAC treated with trilostane before and after CPV vaccination, and compared the immune response to that from healthy dogs. Eleven dogs with HAC, and healthy age-matched control dogs (n = 31) received a modified-live CPV vaccine. Antibodies were determined on days 0, 7, and 28 by hemagglutination inhibition. Univariate analysis was used to compare the immune response of dogs with HAC and healthy dogs. Pre-vaccination antibodies (≥10) were detected in 100% of dogs with HAC (11/11; 95% CI: 70.0–100) and in 93.5% of healthy dogs (29/31; 95% CI: 78.3–99.2). No ≥4-fold increase in antibody titer was observed in dogs with HAC while in 22.6% of healthy dogs, a ≥4-fold titer increase was observed (7/31; 95% CI: 11.1–40.1). Mild vaccine-associated adverse events (VAAEs) were detected in 54.5% of dogs with HAC (6/11; 95% CI: 28.0–78.8) and in 29.0% of healthy dogs (9/31; 95% CI: 15.9–46.8). There was neither a significant difference in presence of pre-vaccination antibodies (p = 1.000), or response to vaccination (p = 0.161), nor in the occurrence of VAAEs (p = 0.158). Immune function of dogs with HAC treated with trilostane seems comparable to that of healthy dogs.

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The Role of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Functional Dyspepsia

Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research ◽

10.2478/sjecr-2021-0003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Mirjana Cvetković ◽

Igor Jovanović ◽

Slobodanka Crevar-Marinović ◽

Marija Branković ◽

Olga Mandić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Functional Dyspepsia ◽

Test Meal ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Epigastric Pain ◽

Postprandial Fullness ◽

Epigastric Pain Syndrome ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Antral Area

Abstract Background: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a syndrome mostly diagnosed by subjective patients’ symptoms after excluding organic, systemic and metabolic diseases. Aim: The goal of this study is to evaluate gastric emptying in patients with functional dyspepsia, by measuring the antral area (cm2) after the intake of a test meal using ultrasonography as an objective and widely applicable method. Material and Methods: This study included 30 patients (mean age of 46.53 ±9.73 years) with symptoms of FD according to the ROMA IV criteria and 30 healthy individuals (mean age of 42.87 ±4.42 years). A 5 MHz ultrasound probe was used to measure the stomach antral area at 6 different time points: in the fasting state, following the meal intake at 5, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min postprandially. Results: The antral area was statistically significantly larger after a 30-minute postprandial period in patients with FD comparing to healthy controls (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of gastric emptying at 120 minutes in patients with functional dyspepsia, compared to healthy subjects (p <0.01). Patients with postprandial distress syndrome had the average value of gastric emptying 48.25 compared to 56.09 in patients with epigastric pain syndrome (p <0.05). The slowest emptying was observed in patients with nausea and postprandial fullness (p <0.05). Conclusion: Functional dyspepsia is associated with delayed gastric emptying. Using ultrasonography to measure the antral area helps us to assess gastric emptying and therefore to assess patients with functional dyspepsia. The antral area was significantly larger in patients with functional dyspepsia compared to healthy subjects after the test meal, suggesting slower gastric emptying in the dyspeptic patients. Since the diagnosis of functional dyspepsia is based mostly on diverse patients’ symptoms, using ultrasonography to measure the antral area helps us to objectively assess this problem.

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The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

Russian Osteopathic Journal ◽

10.32885/2220-0975-2019-1-2-64-71 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 64-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. E. Chernikova ◽

Yu. P. Potekhina

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Respiratory Rate ◽

Age Groups ◽

Biomechanical Properties ◽

Dispersion Analysis ◽

The Body ◽

Body Tissues ◽

Age Related ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

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