Relationships between gastric emptying of solid and caloric liquid meals and alcohol absorption

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (2) ◽  
pp. G291-G298 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Horowitz ◽  
A. Maddox ◽  
M. Bochner ◽  
J. Wishart ◽  
R. Bratasiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
Liquid Meal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Meal Composition

The effects of three variations in meal composition (a solid and a liquid meal consumed together, a liquid meal consumed alone, and a liquid meal consumed 90 min after a solid meal) on the rates and patterns of solid and liquid gastric emptying were examined in 13 volunteers. By including alcohol (0.5 g/kg body wt) in the liquid meal, the relationship between alcohol absorption and gastric emptying was also assessed. The lag phase and the initial emptying phase of the solid meal were prolonged (P less than 0.001) when the liquid meal was consumed with the solid meal, compared with when the liquid meal was consumed 90 min after the solid meal. In this latter situation, consumption of the liquid meal caused the cessation of emptying of solid food, and this second lag phase was followed by a slower (P less than 0.001) than initial emptying phase. Gastric emptying of the liquid meal was slower (P less than 0.005) when solid food was present and was slowest (P less than 0.05) when liquid was consumed 90 min after the solid meal. Alcohol absorption was fastest (P less than 0.05) when the liquid meal was consumed alone and slower (P less than 0.01) when alcohol was consumed with or after the solid meal. For all three meals there was a close correlation (r greater than or equal to 0.91; P less than 0.001) between alcohol absorption and liquid emptying. We conclude that gastric emptying of liquid may be influenced by solid food and that the rate and pattern of solid emptying may be modified by the presence of liquid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effect of ethyl alcohol on motor function in canine stomach

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. G223-G230
Author(s):  
L. C. Knight ◽  
A. H. Maurer ◽  
R. Wikander ◽  
B. Krevsky ◽  
L. S. Malmud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Dose Dependent

The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of ethanol on gastric emptying and the trituration of solid food. With the use of a noninvasive physiological imaging technique, gastric processing of a radiolabeled solid meal was evaluated in unanesthetized dogs which ingested 6-8% ethanol solutions or received intravenous alcohol before the meal. Oral alcohol (resulting in blood levels up to 174 mg/dl) decreased the amplitude of antral contractions or completely abolished them. Alcohol did not significantly affect the fundamental frequency of contractions except at high doses, at which contractions were abolished. Alcohol lengthened the mean time to 50% of gastric emptying in a dose-dependent manner, from 132 +/- 3 min without alcohol to 160 +/- 10 min with oral alcohol at blood levels of 80-120 mg/dl (P less than 0.05). This was manifested by a lengthening of the lag phase, but there was no effect on the terminal slope of emptying (emptying rate) of the processed meal. At equal blood levels up to 120 mg/dl, orally administered alcohol had a more pronounced effect than intravenous alcohol. These data suggest that even low doses of dilute alcohol affect the ability of the antrum to process solid food and thereby contribute to impairment of gastric emptying.

Use of a High Caloric Liquid Meal as an Alternative to a Solid Meal for Gastric Emptying Scintigraphy

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 2001-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Sachdeva ◽  
Steven Kantor ◽  
Linda C. Knight ◽  
Alan H. Maurer ◽  
Robert S. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
Liquid Meal ◽  
Gastric Emptying Scintigraphy

scholarly journals Pattern of gastric emptying in the pig: Relation to feeding

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Gregory ◽  
M. Mcfadyen ◽  
D. V. Rayner
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Gastric Evacuation ◽  
Biphasic Pattern ◽  
Solid Diet ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Meal Consumption

The aims of the present study were to compare the gastric emptying of dry matter (DM) and liquids during the feeding period with that following meal consumption, to clarify the relationship between feeding and gastric emptying, and to investigate how gastric emptying changes in growing animals. The studies were performed in pigs fitted with a gastric cannula and fed on a normal finely ground solid diet mixed with water containing CrEDTA as liquid marker. Gastric emptying was measured using a gastric evacuation technique. It was observed that between 0.75 and 6 h after feeding the total amounts emptied increased, but the proportion of the meal emptied fell, with increase in meal size; emptying of both DM and liquids with large and small meals followed and exponential pattern. In contrast, while the animals were feeding, there was linear and rapid emptying of both DM and liquids following a very short (approximately 2 min) lag phase before emptying began. The rate of emptying increased linearly with body-;weight (by 0.55 g DM/min and by 0.24 ml/min per kg body-weight over the range 58–200 kg) such that the emptying of digestible energy per kg metabolic body-weight (W0.75) was roughly maintained (between 2.9 and 3.2 kJ/min per kg W0.75). This suggests that the rate of emptying may be linked in some way with the metabolic requirements of the body. The biphasic pattern of gastric emptying observed is probably the intrinsic pattern of emptying of a meal which does not require breakdown of particles before emptying can occur.

scholarly journals Effect of dexfenfluramine on gastric emptying of a mixed solid-liquid meal in obese subjects

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Horowitz ◽  
Anne Maddox ◽  
Judith Wishart ◽  
Jane Vernon-Roberts ◽  
Barry Chatterton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
Liquid Meal ◽  
Placebo Capsule ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Double Isotope

Recent studies suggest that dexfenfluramine (D-fenfluramine), because of its pure serotonergic effect, may be a more potent anti-obesity agent, associated with fewer side-effects than the racemate DL-fenfluramine. The effect of dexfenfluramine on gastric emptying of a mixed solid and liquid meal was assessed with a double-isotope scintigraphic technique in eleven obese patients. Each subject took a placebo capsule on the morning and evening of the day before, and on the morning of the first gastric emptying measurement. Dexfenfluramine was then taken at a dose of 15 mg twice daily and gastric emptying measurements were performed at 5 and at 29 d after the initiation of active treatment. Dexfenfluramine significantly slowed gastric emptying of the solid meal at both 5 and 29d when compared with the placebo (P < 0.05) and also delayed emptying of solid food from the proximal stomach (P < 0.01), but no significant effect on liquid emptying was observed. No significant side-effects were reported and there was a marginal weight loss (P< 0.005) during treatment. We conclude that inhibition of gastric emptying may contribute to the efficacy of dexfenfluramine in the treatment of obesity.

Effect of Solid-Meal Caloric Content on Gastric Emptying Kinetics of Solids and Liquids

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 120-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Siegel ◽  
L. Mortelmans ◽  
E. van Cutsem ◽  
V. van den Maegdenbergh ◽  
M. de Roo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
Liquid Component ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kinetics Of

In this study, we have evaluated the effect of the caloric content of a physiological test meal on the gastric emptying kinetics of solids and liquids. 22 healthy male volunteers were studied in two groups matched for age. After an overnight fast, each volunteer underwent the same test procedure; in the first group (G I), 10 volunteers received a meal consisting of bread,111In-DTPA water and 1 scrambled egg labeled with 99mTc-labelled sulphur colloid; in the second group (G II) 12 volunteers were given the same meal but with 2 labeled eggs in order to increase the caloric content of the solid phase meal. Simultaneous anterior and posterior images were recorded using a dualheaded gamma camera. Solid and liquid geometric mean data were analyzed to determine the lag phase, the emptying rate and the half-emptying time for both solids and liquids. Solid and liquid gastric half-emptying times were significantly prolonged in G II compared to G I volunteers. For the solid phased, the delay was accounted for by a longer lag phase and a decrease in the equilibrium emptying rate. The emptying rate of the liquid phase was significantly decreased in G II compared to G I. Within each group, no statistically significant difference was observed between solid and liquid emptying rates. We conclude that the caloric content of the solid portion of a meal not only alters the emptying of the solid phase but also affects the emptying of the liquid component of the meal.

Role of vagus nerve in postprandial antropyloric coordination in conscious dogs

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (3) ◽  
pp. G487-G495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomio Ueno ◽  
Kenichiro Uemura ◽  
Mary B. Harris ◽  
Theodore N. Pappas ◽  
Toku Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
Liquid Meal ◽  
Vagal Blockade

It is generally believed that gastric emptying of solids is regulated by a coordinated motor pattern between the antrum and pylorus. We studied the role of the vagus nerve in mediating postprandial coordination between the antrum and pylorus. Force transducers were implanted on the serosal surface of the body, antrum, pylorus, and duodenum in seven dogs. Dogs were given either a solid or a liquid meal, and gastroduodenal motility was recorded over 10 h. Gastric emptying was evaluated with radiopaque markers mixed with a solid meal. Dogs were treated with hexamethonium, NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), or transient vagal nerve blockade by cooling. A postprandial motility pattern showed three distinct phases: early, intermediate, and late. In the late phase, profound pyloric relaxations predominantly synchronized with giant antral contractions that were defined as postprandial antropyloric coordination. A gastric emptying study revealed that the time at which gastric contents entered into the duodenum occurred concomitantly with antropyloric coordination. Treatment by vagal blockade or hexamethonium significantly reduced postprandial antral contractions and pyloric relaxations of the late phase. l-NAME changed pyloric motor patterns from relaxation dominant to contraction dominant. Solid gastric emptying was significantly attenuated by treatment with hexamethonium, l-NAME, and vagal blockade. Postprandial antropyloric coordination was not seen after feeding a liquid meal. It is concluded that postprandial antropyloric coordination plays an important role to regulate gastric emptying of a solid food. Postprandial antropyloric coordination is regulated by the vagus nerve and nitrergic neurons in conscious dogs.

Effects of posture on gastric emptying and satiety ratings after a nutritive liquid and solid meal

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (2) ◽  
pp. R684-R694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa A. Spiegel ◽  
Harry Fried ◽  
Christine D. Hubert ◽  
Steven R. Peikin ◽  
Jeffry A. Siegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Head Start ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
Intestinal Receptors ◽  
Tomato Soup ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Emptying Time

To study the effects of posture and meal structure on gastric emptying and satiety, nine women ingested tomato soup and then immediately or 20 min later an egg sandwich, when seated and when supine. The lag time was not different, but the half-emptying time of the sandwich was 32% longer ( P < 0.01) and the emptying rate after the lag phase was 39% slower ( P < 0.01) when the subjects were supine than when they were seated. The half-emptying time of the soup was 50% longer ( P < 0.01) when the subjects were supine and ingested the soup immediately before the sandwich than in the other three conditions. Postprandial hunger ratings recovered more slowly ( P < 0.01) when the subjects ingested the soup 20 min before the sandwich than when they ingested the soup immediately before the sandwich. These results suggest that posture did not affect the intragastric distribution of the sandwich but affected propulsion of the meal into the intestine and that postprandial satiety was enhanced by the cumulative effect over time of a 20-min “head start” in stimulation of intestinal receptors by emptying of the soup.

Effects of meal volume and posture on gastric emptying of solids and appetite

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (5) ◽  
pp. R1712-R1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selena Doran ◽  
Karen L. Jones ◽  
Jane M. Andrews ◽  
Michael Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Distal Stomach ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
Left Lateral Decubitus Position ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Large Meal

The effects of volume and posture on gastric emptying and intragastric distribution of a solid meal and appetite were evaluated. Eight normal volunteers were studied on four occasions, on each of which a meal comprising ground beef mixed with tomato sauce of either 650 g (“large”) or 217 g (“small”) was eaten. Two studies were performed while the subject was lying in the left lateral decubitus position, and two studies were performed while the subject was sitting so that in each subject data were available for both meals and in both postures. Hunger and fullness were evaluated using a visual analog questionnaire. In both postures and after both meals, gastric emptying approximated a linear pattern after an initial lag phase. The lag phase was shorter for the large meal when compared with the small meal [sitting: large 13 ± 5 vs. small 29 ± 7 min; left lateral: large 16 ± 3 vs. small 24 ± 3 min, F(1,7) = 46.3, P < 0.0005]. In both postures the contents of the total [ F(1,7) = 1794.5, P < 0.0001], proximal [ F(1,7) = 203.7, P < 0.0001], and distal [ F(1,7) = 231.5, P < 0.0001] stomach were greater after the large meal when compared with the small meal. Although the 50% emptying time was greater with the large than the small meal [ F(1,7) = 40.8, P < 0.001], the postlag emptying rate (g/min) was more rapid with the large meal [sitting: large 1.7 ± 0.2 vs. small 1.1 ± 0.1 g/min; left lateral: large 1.8 ± 0.1 vs. small 1.3 ± 0.04 g/min, F(1,7) = 44.7, P < 0.0005]. There was a significant interaction between meal volume and posture for retention in the distal stomach [ F(1,7) = 7.14, P < 0.05]. Contrasts were used to evaluate the effects of volume and posture between the four studies and demonstrated an effect of posture for the large [ F(1,21) = 18.7, P < 0.005] but not the small [ F(1,21) = 0.30, P = 0.60] meal so that the retention was greater in the sitting when compared with the left lateral position. The magnitude of the postprandial increase in fullness [ F(1,7) = 7.8, P < 0.05] and reduction in hunger [ F(1,7) = 5.9, P < 0.05] was greater with the large meal. We conclude that meal volume has a major effect on gastric emptying; in contrast posture has only a minor impact on intragastric meal distribution, which is observed only after a large meal, and no effect on gastric emptying.

scholarly journals Acute tryptophan depletion slows gastric emptying in females

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiel A. van Nieuwenhoven ◽  
Sabine D. M. Valks ◽  
Sjacko Sobczak ◽  
Willem J. Riedel ◽  
Robert-Jan M. Brummer
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acute Tryptophan Depletion ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Tryptophan Depletion ◽  
Solid Meal

Serotonin (5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter involved in the brain–gut axis. It is possible to lower the 5-HT level in the body by means of a nutritional intervention using an amino acid mixture; the acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) method. We studied the effect of ATD on gastric emptying in healthy females, who received both ATD and placebo in a random order. Gastric emptying was measured using the [13C]octanoic acid breath test. The present data demonstrate significant differences in both gastric emptying and lag phase (Tlag) between the ATD and placebo experiment. Eight out of ten subjects showed a delayed gastric emptying in the ATD experiment. Both the gastric half-emptying time (T1/2) and the Tlag were significantly higher in the ATD experiment. T1/2 in the ATD experiment was 137·2 (range 76·2–634·8) min; T1/2 for the placebo experiment was 98·5 (range 63·7–168·8) min (P=0·028). Tlag in the ATD experiment was 83·7 (range 45·1–356·2) min; Tlag for the placebo experiment was 56·9 (range 23·2–101·2) min (P=0·007). We conclude that lowering the 5-HT level in the body using the ATD method leads to a significantly delayed gastric emptying of a solid meal. Nutritional manipulation of the serotonergic system in healthy volunteers may lead to alterations in gastrointestinal motility.

scholarly journals Scintigraphic validation of a magnetic resonance imaging method to study gastric emptying of a solid meal in humans

Gut ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Feinle ◽  
P Kunz ◽  
P Boesiger ◽  
M Fried ◽  
W Schwizer
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
Liquid Meal ◽  
Solid Liquid

BackgroundWe have previously used a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method to study gastric emptying of liquids. So far, however, it has not possible to assess solid gastric emptying with this technique.AimsTo validate scintigraphically MRI as a method for measuring emptying of a mixed solid/liquid meal.MethodsIn eight healthy subjects, gastric emptying of a solid/liquid (SM) and a liquid meal (LM) of identical energy content and macronutrient composition was studied by scintigraphy and MRI for 120 minutes.ResultsMRI and scintigraphy agreed with respect to emptying profiles (intraclass correlation coefficient (RI) SM: 0.988, RI, LM: 0.917), t1/2 (SMMRI: 129 (9), SMScinti: 123 (11) minutes, NS; LMMRI: 100 (7), LMScinti: 110 (8) minutes, NS) and AUC (SMMRI: 8999 (232), SMScinti: 8788 (277) min%, NS; LMMRI: 8819 (368), LMScinti: 8891 (321) min%, NS).ConclusionsMRI can be used to measure reliably gastric emptying not only of liquid but also of mixed solid/liquid meals in humans.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document