Searching the Medical Literature: History of a Pilot Project in Mechanized Information Retrieval

1963 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Goldwyn
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical Researcher ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Literature History ◽  
Many Sources

Examples from many sources indicate the necessity for better communication of information between the medical researcher and the medical practitijner. Non-conventional methods of information retrieval offer a means of achieving this goal. An example is the experience of the Center for Documentation and Communication Research, Western Reserve University, in conducting a pilot study for the Communicable Disease Center. The subject was disease vector control literature and literature on vector-borne diseases, zoonoses and mycoses. A total of 2445 documents were analyzed by means of the telegraphic abstract, a structured and controlled “deep” index. The terms of the abstract were encoded by means of the semantic code, a machine-searchable code which establishes and preserves a thesaural function in order to control the terminology. Encoded abstracts recorded on magnetic tape were searched, using the GE 225 computer, for answers to 77 questions. Previously identified documents were retrieved with an accuracy of 94.7 o/o. Future tasks include continued study of the nature of the literature and its volume, and of present and potential users and of their needs.

Mela's Phoenician Geography

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 70-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Batty
Keyword(s):  
English Translation ◽  
Technical Writing ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Poor Reading ◽  
History Of Cartography ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Ancient Geography

The appearance in 1998 of F. E. Romer's English translation of Pomponius Mela's De Chorographia has helped to raise further the profile of this previously rather obscure author. Indeed, since the publication a decade previously of the Budé edition by Alain Silberman, interest in Mela seems to have grown quite steadily. Important contributions in German by Kai Brodersen have widened our appreciation of Mela's place within ancient geography as a whole, and his role within the history of cartography has been the subject of a number of shorter pieces.One element common to all these works, however, is a continuing tendency to disparage both Mela himself and the work he created. This is typified by Romer, for whom Mela was ‘a minor writer, a popularizer, not a first-class geographer’; one ‘shocking reason’ for his choice of genre was simply poor preparation, ‘insufficient for technical writing in geography’. Similar judgements appear in the works of Brodersen and Silberman. Mela's inaccuracies are, for these critics, typical of the wider decline of geography in the Roman period. Perhaps such negative views sprang initially from a sense of frustration: it was counted as one of our author's chief defects that he failed to list many sources for his work. For scholars interested in Quellenforschung it makes poor reading. Yet, quite clearly, the De Chorographia has also been damned by comparison. Mela's work has been held against the best Graeco-Roman learning on geography during antiquity—against Strabo, Ptolemy, or Pliny—and it has usually been found wanting. Set against the achievements of his peers, his work does not stand close scrutiny. Thus, for most scholars, the text has been read as a failed exercise in technical geography, or a markedly inferior document in the wider Graeco-Roman geographical tradition.

scholarly journals Critical transitions in malaria transmission models are consistently generated by superinfection

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Alonso ◽  
Andy Dobson ◽  
Mercedes Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Critical Transitions ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Control Schemes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Break Points ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Super Infection ◽  
Prior Infection

AbstractThe history of infectious disease modelling essentially begins with the papers by Ross on malaria [1–5]. These models assume that the dynamics of malaria can most simply be characterized by two equations that describe the prevalence of malaria in the human and mosquito hosts. This structure has formed the central core of models for malaria and most other vector-borne diseases for the last century with occasional additions acknowledging important aetiological details. We partially add to this tradition by describing a malaria model that provides for vital dynamics in the vector and the possibility of super-infection in the human host; reinfection of asymptomatic hosts before they have cleared a prior infection. These key features of malaria aetiology create the potential for break points in the prevalence of infected hosts, sudden transitions that seem to characterize malaria’s response to control in different locations. We show that this potential for critical transitions is a general and underappreciated feature of any model for vector borne diseases with incomplete immunity and asymptomatic patients, including the canonical Ross-McDonald model. Ignoring these details of the host’s immune response to infection can potentially lead to serious misunderstanding in the interpretation of malaria distribution patterns and the design of control schemes for other vector-borne diseases.

scholarly journals THE FIRST OPERA OF THE TURKISH WORLD "LEYLI AND MAJNUN’’

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-320
Author(s):  
Ömer TÜRKMENOĞLU ◽  
Zümra AZİZOĞLU
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
Western Music ◽  
Tonal Structure ◽  
Music And Literature ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

The Turkish world's opera history gave its first example in 1908 with the opera "Leyli and Majnun" by Azerbaijani composer Üzeyir Hacıbeyli. According to many sources, "Leyli and Majnun" is described as the first opera of the Turkish world and the Islamic world, and the east. The most important feature of this opera is the masterful synthesis of classical western music and folk music. The opera, which was composed for the first time in this way, influenced the east with its staging and ensured that the art of opera was adopted by the public. The great composer Uzeyir Hajibeyli was born in the city of Shusha in Azerbaijan, which was developed in the field of literature and music and called the "natural conservatory." He developed his existing talent here and built it on solid foundations. He was interested in music and literature, wrote many books, articles, and was a writer for newspapers. The subject of the opera Leyli and Majnun is taken from Fuzuli's "Leyli and Majnun" poetry of the same name. At the age of 13, the composer decided to write this opera, influenced by the theater show "At the tomb of Majnun Leyli'' which he watched in Shusha, his home city. He started working on opera in 1907 when he was only 22 years old. By bringing a different perspective to opera, he used the tonal structure of western music with 'mugham,' also known as Azerbaijani folk music. This type of opera is also called "Mugam Opera.'' The opera, which was composed and performed despite the conditions of the period, preserved its originality by combining two cultures and was performed many times in other countries. Operas from the Turkish world are rarely staged in our country, and there is a need for such an article because the opera "Leyli and Majnun" has not been staged much in Turkey and there are very few theses, articles, and books about it. In this study; Different titles have been created such as the history of Azerbaijan opera, the life of Uzeyir Hajibeyli, the composer's process of creating the opera, and the content of the opera Leyli and Majnun. Keywords: Leyli and Majnun, Uzeyir Hajibeyli, Turkish World, Opera

scholarly journals Yellow fever and dengue: a threat to Europe?

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Reiter
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Broad Overview

The introduction and rapidly expanding range of Aedes albopictus in Europe is an iconic example of the growing risk of the globalisation of vectors and vector-borne diseases. The history of yellow fever and dengue in temperate regions confirms that transmission of both diseases could recur, particularly if Ae. aegypti, a more effective vector, were to be re-introduced. The article is a broad overview of the natural history and epidemiology of both diseases in the context of these risks.

scholarly journals Exposure to Major Vector-Borne Diseases in Dogs Subjected to Different Preventative Regimens in Endemic Areas of Italy

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Mariasole Colombo ◽  
Simone Morelli ◽  
Giulia Simonato ◽  
Angela Di Cesare ◽  
Fabrizia Veronesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Rickettsia Conorii ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Geographic Spread ◽  
Circulating Antigen ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Giglio Island

Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are globally widespread arthropod-transmitted diseases with a significant impact on animal and human health. Many drivers have recently spurred the geographic spread of VBDs in dogs. This study has evaluated the exposure to most important VBDs in dogs under different preventative treatments in different regions of Italy, i.e., Veneto, Friuli Venezia-Giulia, Umbria, Giglio Island (Tuscany), Abruzzo and Latium. Serological analyses were performed to detect antibodies against Leishmania infantum, Babesia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum/Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia canis/Ehrlichia ewingii, Borrelia burgdorferi, Rickettsia conorii and the circulating antigen of Dirofilaria immitis. Dogs were categorized according to the treatment schedule usually received, and the association between seropositivity and possible risk factors was statistically evaluated. Overall, 124/242 (51.2%) dogs tested positive for at least one pathogen, while 34 (14.0%) were exposed to two or more pathogens. The most detected seropositivity was against R. conorii, followed by Anaplasma spp., L. infantum, B. canis, and the other pathogens under study. Significant statistical associations were found according to geographical provenance, history of tick infestation, lifestyle and inadequate prophylactic treatments. Random/irregular treatments have been identified as a clear risk factor. These results show that adequate prophylactic treatment protocols are overlooked by dog owners, despite the availability of several effective products, with possible implications in veterinary medicine and on public health.

scholarly journals Profil Kompetensi Profesional Guru Mapel Biologi Pasca Sertifikasi di Karesidenan Surakarta

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofyan Anif
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Experiment Planning ◽  
Symbolic Language ◽  
Biology Teachers ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Thinking Process ◽  
Many Sources

As stated in UU No. 14, 2005 and PP No. 74, 2008 that teachers as proffessional educator have to possess four competences, namely: pedagogic, proffessional, character, and social. However the condition in Indonesia is not like that. In general, they are in low category, specifically in pedagogic and proffessional. Those conditions happen in biology teachers and other teacher subjects. Then the aim of this study is to observe the profile of biology teachers especially their proffessional competence pasca sertification in Surakarta residance. The population of this study is all biology teachers (332 persons) that have rechieved sertification through direct, portofolio, and PLPG program. Purposive random sampling is used to get 116 teachers. Data are collected by depth interview, documentation, and test, then the collected data are analysed by descriptive qualitative. The result shows that the profile of proffessional competence of biology teachers can be grouped into three: low, middle, and high. The teachers are low in: concept implementation, using tool of measurements, biology experiment planning, using the result of reflection, self reflection, understanding the principles and theories of savety work, doing action research, and understanding the steps of biology experiement correctly. The teachers are middle in: understanding the objective of the study, creative and innovative in implementing and developing science of biology nad correlated sciences, undesrtanding thinking process of biology, using symbolic language, undesrtanding standard competence, and understanding the scoupe of biology. They are high in: understanding the structure biology science and its correlation, selecting the material, cooking the material creatively, understanding the concepts, laws, and biology theories, undesrtanding the history of the natural science, specifically biology, understanding the basic competence of the subject or topic, updating their knowledge from many sources, and rationally qualitatively and quantitatively in understanding the process and biology law.

scholarly journals The Use of Digital Pedagogical Assessment in the Teaching of Dance Notation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Adrienn Papp-Danka ◽  
Nóra Oláh
Keyword(s):  
Dance Education ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Folk Dance ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Dance Notation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between digital technology and folk dance, highlighting the teaching methodology of the subject of Dance Notation. We first provide a brief insight into the history of teaching dance notation, followed by presenting its current educational practice. Related to this, we discuss the relationship between digital tools and dance education in a separate chapter. Pedagogical assessment plays a key role in our study, as we want to show how regular digital formative assessment makes the teaching of dance notation more effective and motivating. We outline further directions at the end of the article that could be introduced or at least researched as a pilot project in dance education.

scholarly journals Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of Colombia: records from the collection of insects of medical importance from National Institute of Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Santamaria ◽  
Marco Súarez ◽  
Ricardo Ortiz Gallego ◽  
Patricia Fuya ◽  
Geraldine Páez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Great Abundance ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Medical Importance

The collection of insects of medical importance from the National Institute of Health (Colombia) INS, was started in 1934 with the aim of being an institutional and national repository of the biodiversity of insects involved in vector-borne diseases of importance in public health. Today, the entomological collection includes more than 7.500 specimens. The ceratopogonids insects are one of the Groups of Diptera that conform this collection. Within the Ceratopogonidae family, are the insects of the genera Culicoides which are relevant in public health because of the nuisance caused by their bites when they are presented in great abundance and because of their role as transmitters of several agents (virus, protozoa and nematodes) that causes diseases to the humans and to the animals (Mullen 2002, Kettle 1995). Brief of the Ceratopogonidae insects (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) found in the collection, is presented here. A total of 801 individuals of this family rest in the collection, mainly adult of the genus Culicoides (90%). The collection is the result of the effort of several researchers through the history of the Group of Entomology (INS). These researchers collected ceratopogonids when they went to different transmission scenarios of the vector-borne diseases in Colombia, with the purpose of making the entomological characterizations. The effort of the researchers also included the processing, assembly, and identification of the specimens in the laboratory. New information about the geographical distribution of 39 species of the genera Culicoides appears for Colombia.

scholarly journals Small Reviews (About the Event of Thought and the Crisis of Subject)

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
A. S. Robotova
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Pedagogical Practice ◽  
Fundamental Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pedagogical Theory ◽  
Many Sources

The following text is a response to the publication of the journal in the rubric “Philosophy and history of science”. This text is called “Small Reviews”. Why? First of all, because the author has not set the task of a comprehensive analysis of publications. The text focuses on the pedagogical pragmatics of the peer-reviewed articles. In D.G. Ryndin’s article the author was attracted by that part, where the pedagogical practice of M.K. Mamardashvili was analyzed. Assessing the article of D.G. Ryndin as a whole positively, the reviewer believes that the author failed to convincingly show the poetics of philosophical speech and the fundamental relationship between the content and form of philosophizing and adduces her arguments for such an assessment. In the article devoted to the epistemological crisis of the subject, the reviewer has found many sources for pedagogical reflection and formulated them in the form of several provisions that should obviously be guided by each teacher. The reviewer believes that if the authors gave due consideration to the pedagogical theory and pedagogical characteristics of the subject, they would have enriched the their ideas about the crisis of education, its causes and consequences.

scholarly journals Editorial

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilarita T. Rivera, MD, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Social Mobilization ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
And Control

The epidemiology of vector mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue defines the interface between mosquito to human, and that between human to mosquito, as well as multiple economic, social, cultural, political and behavioral factors that expose humans to the mosquito bite, resulting in infection. Environmental factors such as suitable mosquito breeding sites, tropical climate and topography, increase mosquito density and man biting behavior resulting in infection and transmission. Different interventions to kill vector mosquitoes (adulticides and larvicides), prevent the mosquito bite (insecticide treated nets, curtains, repellents), diagnosis (rapid tests) and treatment (ACTs for malaria), have been implemented, and have been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality particularly for malaria. But can disease control be realized and sustained? Can disease elimination and prevention of re-introduction be achieved? A better understanding of the epidemiology and control of vector-borne diseases clearly shows that the responsibility is not with key affected populations and the health sector only, but with all those sectors and stakeholders that impact on the disease, be it at the local and national levels. This is the basis of creating and implementing intersectoral collaborations (ISCs) for vector-borne diseases. The article was able to draw together and analyzed multi-country experiences on ISCs for malaria and dengue. The ISC structure, goals, inputs and outputs as well as outcomes of existing models were described. Gaps in planning and implementation were noted, and recommendations were added. The resulting data can be used to develop an enhanced ISC framework for more effective implementation and success. The Philippines had quite a number of malaria control initiatives built on partnerships with bilateral agencies- USAID, USNAMRU, WHO, JICA, AusAID, NGOs, private corporations, religious organizations, military, and that have contributed in disease control.1 Notable are the Palawan and Agusan del Sur experiences. In 1999, the Palawan provincial government and Pilipinas Shell Foundation, as its corporate social responsibility, established Kilusan Ligtas Malaria to control malaria in the island.2,3 The program’s multi-sectoral and social mobilization strategies that have been adopted by Global Fund have resulted in impressive decline of malaria cases and deaths, even to this time. High social capital may ensure the sustainability of these strategies.4,5 In 1995, Agusan del Sur, another malarious province, implemented the project “Implementation and Evaluation of a Self-Sustaining Community-Based Malaria Control Program in the Philippines” through the Australian International Development and Assistance Bureau. Initially a collaborative project of RITM and DOH-Malaria Control Services, it was gradually devolved to the Province of Agusan del Sur, which created its Provincial Technical Advisory Committee, Provincial Management Team and Community Trust Fund to implement and sustain malaria control.6 Last year, Agusan del Sur was declared malaria-free. How to be successful may not be elusive and enhanced Intersectoral Collaborations may be the winning formula in the fight against malaria and other vector-borne diseases.REFERENCES 1. Tongol-Rivera P. Milestones in the history of malaria research and control in the Philippines. In: Kano S, Tongol-Rivera P, eds. Malaria in Asia. Asian Parasitology Series Monograph The Federation of Asian Parasitologists. 2005; 6:135-166. 2. Angluben RU, Trudeau MR, Kano S, Tongol-Rivera P. Kilusan Ligtas Malaria: Advancing Social Mobilization towards Sustainable Malaria Control in the province of Palawan, the Philippines. Trop Med Health. 2008; 36(1):45-9. 3. Matsumoto-Takahashi ELA, Tongol-Rivera P, Villacorte EA, Angluben RU, Jimba M, Kano S. Bottom-up approach to strengthen community-based malaria control strategy from community health workers’ perceptions of their past, present, and future: a qualitative study in Palawan, Philippines. 2018. Trop Med Health. 2018; 46(1):24. 4. Tongol-Rivera P, Kano S, Saniel O, Solon JA, Villacorte E. Social Capital and Malaria Control in Palawan, the Philippines. 2010 (unpublished). 5. Valdecanas OC, Tuazon RR, Barcelona DR. Understanding Social Mobilization. In: The Philippine Experience, How Social Mobilization Works. UNICEF, the Philippines. 1996; pp. 9-19. 6. Linao RT. Finding and Funding Means: Beyond the Elimination of Malaria in Agusan del Sur. Foundation for the Development of Agusanons, Inc. 2014. Pilarita T. Rivera, MD, PhD Associate Editor Department of Parasitology College of Public Health University of the Philippines Manila REFERENCES 1. Tongol-Rivera P. Milestones in the history of malaria research and control in the Philippines. In: Kano S, Tongol-Rivera P, eds. Malaria in Asia. Asian Parasitology Series Monograph The Federation of Asian Parasitologists. 2005; 6:135-166.2. Angluben RU, Trudeau MR, Kano S, Tongol-Rivera P. Kilusan Ligtas Malaria: Advancing Social Mobilization towards Sustainable Malaria Control in the province of Palawan, the Philippines. Trop Med Health. 2008; 36(1):45-9.3. Matsumoto-Takahashi ELA, Tongol-Rivera P, Villacorte EA, Angluben RU, Jimba M, Kano S. Bottom-up approach to strengthen community-based malaria control strategy from community health workers’ perceptions of their past, present, and future: a qualitative study in Palawan, Philippines. 2018. Trop Med Health. 2018; 46(1):24.4. Tongol-Rivera P, Kano S, Saniel O, Solon JA, Villacorte E. Social Capital and Malaria Control in Palawan, the Philippines. 2010 (unpublished).5. Valdecanas OC, Tuazon RR, Barcelona DR. Understanding Social Mobilization. In: The Philippine Experience, How Social Mobilization Works. UNICEF, the Philippines. 1996; pp. 9-19. 6. Linao RT. Finding and Funding Means: Beyond the Elimination of Malaria in Agusan del Sur. Foundation for the Development of Agusanons, Inc. 2014.

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