Plasma and Platelet Lipid Composition and Platelet Aggregation by Arachidonic Acid in Women on the Pill

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (02) ◽  
pp. 150-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Sadurska ◽  
M T Tacconi ◽  
G di Minno ◽  
M C Roncaglioni ◽  
J Pangrazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Fatty Acid Distribution ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Thrombotic Tendency

SummarySensitivity to induction of platelet aggregation by arachidonic acid (AA) and changes in plasma and platelet polyunsaturated fatty acid distribution were studied in seven women before and after six months of oral contraceptive (OC) treatment with a combination of d-norgestrel (0.25 mg) and ethinylestradiol (0.05 mg). Special interest was focused on AA because certain metabolites of this fatty acid induce platelets to aggregate and are considered to play a crucial role in thromboembolic processes.In plasma, AA concentrations increased slightly, but significantly, in both the free fatty acid (FFA) and phospholipid fractions; in platelets AA increased in the phospholipid and neutral lipid fractions. The threshold aggregating concentration (TAC) of AA was significantly reduced in platelets of women after six months of OC treatment (0.65 ± 0.08 versus 0.30 ±0.04 mM). This suggests that changes in platelet fatty acid composition may be associated with in vitro changes in platelet sensitivity to AA. Such changes may contribute to the thrombotic tendency associated with OC treatment.

In Vitro Incorporation and Metabolism of Icosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids in Human Platelets - Effect on Aggregation

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (01) ◽  
pp. 057-062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Croset ◽  
M Lagarde
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Fatty Acid Distribution ◽  
Thromboxane A2 ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Aggregation Response ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acids ◽  
Membrane Level

SummaryWashed human platelets were pre-loaded with icosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or EPA + DHA and tested for their aggregation response in comparison with control platelets. In fatty acid-rich platelets, an inhibition of the aggregation could be observed when induced by thrombin, collagen or U-46619. The strongest inhibition was observed with DHA-rich platelets and it was reduced when DHA was incorporated in the presence of EPA.Study of fatty acid distribution in cell lipids after loading showed that around 90% of EPA or DHA taken up was acylated into phospholipids and a very small amount (less than 2%) remained in their free and hydroxylated forms. DHA was more efficiently acylated into phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) than into phosphatidylinositol (PI) in contrast to what observed with EPA, and both acids were preferentially incorporated into phosphatidylcholine (PC). EPA inhibited total incorporation of DHA and increased its relative acylation into PE at the expense of PC. In contrast, DHA did not affect the acylation of EPA. Upon stimulation with, thrombin, EPA was liberated from phospholipids and oxygenated (as judged by the formation of its monohydroxy derivative) whereas DHA was much less metabolized, although consistently transferred into PE.It is concluded that EPA and DHA might affect platelet aggregation via different mechanisms when pre-loaded in phospholipids. Whereas EPA is known to alter thromboxane A2 metabolism from endogenous arachidonic acid, by competing with it, DHA might act directly at the membrane level for inhibiting aggregation.

scholarly journals Lipid and fatty acid analysis of fresh and frozen-thawed immature and in vitro matured bovine oocytes

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
JY Kim ◽  
M Kinoshita ◽  
M Ohnishi ◽  
Y Fukui
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Immature Oocytes ◽  
Abundant Fatty Acid ◽  
Bovine Oocytes

The lipid content and fatty acid composition of fresh immature and in vitro matured bovine oocytes cultured in media with or without serum, and also those of frozen-thawed immature oocytes were analysed. All oocytes were ranked (A or B) on the basis of their cytoplasmic quality. Fatty acid composition (mol %; w/w) in the total lipid fraction was analysed by gas chromatography. Triglyceride, total cholesterol, phospholipid (phosphocholine-containing phospholipid) and non-esterified fatty acid contents of immature and in vitro matured oocytes were determined using lipid analysis kits. Phosphocholine-containing phospholipid and non-esterified fatty acid contents were determined in frozen-thawed immature bovine oocytes. Palmitic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in immature oocytes (A: 35%, B: 36%), and in in vitro matured oocytes cultured in the medium containing serum (A: 36%, B: 35%) or polyvinyl alcohol (A: 33%, B: 36%). Oleic acid was the second most abundant fatty acid in all A ranked oocytes, whereas stearic acid was the second most abundant fatty acid in all B ranked oocytes. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in linoleic and arachidonic acid fractions between A and B ranked immature oocytes. In vitro matured oocytes had significantly (P < 0.05) lower proportions of linoleic and arachidonic acids, and significantly (P < 0.01) lower contents of triglyceride and total cholesterol compared with those of immature oocytes. The fatty acid composition of in vitro matured oocytes cultured in medium containing fetal calf serum or polyvinyl alcohol was similar, but significant differences (P < 0.01) in triglyceride and the total cholesterol content were observed. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the arachidonic acid proportion in frozen-thawed immature oocytes compared with that in fresh immature oocytes. In addition, significant (P < 0.05) decreases in both phospholipid (15.8--10.6 pmol) and non-esterified fatty acid (11.0--4.1 pmol) were found in frozen--thawed immature oocytes. The results indicate that lipids are available for use as an energy source for maturation and that serum lipids are incorporated into the oocyte cytoplasm during in vitro maturation. The changes in the lipid content (mainly phospholipid) and fatty acid composition were also observed in frozen--thawed immature oocytes. The study indicates that the alteration of fatty acid composition in bovine oocytes might improve maturation and cryopreservation.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary supplementation with increasing doses of docosahexaenoic acid on neutrophil lipid composition and leukotriene production in human healthy volunteers

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise Stanke-Labesque ◽  
Patrick Molière ◽  
Jeanine Bessard ◽  
Martine Laville ◽  
Evelyne Véricel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Pufa Supplementation

n-3 PUFA supplementation helps in the prevention or treatment of inflammatory diseases and CVD. However, many supplementations reported so far are either a combination of n-3 PUFA or used large daily amounts of n-3 PUFA dosages. The present study investigated the influence of increasing dose intake of DHA on the fatty acid composition of phospholipids in neutrophils and on their capability to produce leukotrienes (LT) B4 and B5in vitro. Twelve healthy volunteers were supplemented with increasing daily doses of DHA (200, 400, 800 and 1600 mg, each dose in TAG containing DHA as the only PUFA and for a 2-week period). At the end of each supplementation period, neutrophil fatty acid composition, and LTB4 and LTB5 production were determined by GC and liquid chromatography–tandem MS, respectively. The DHA/arachidonic acid ratio increased in a dose-dependent manner with respect to the increasing doses of DHA supplementation and was significantly different from baseline after supplementation with either 400, 800 or 1600 mg DHA. The LTB5/LTB4 ratio was significantly increased compared to baseline after supplementation with 800 and 1600 mg DHA. LTB5/LTB4 and DHA/arachidonic acid ratios were correlated (r 0·531, P < 0·0001). The present data suggest that both changes in neutrophil lipid composition and LT production occurred with daily supplementation with 800 and 1600 mg DHA. The clinical benefits associated with these doses of DHA in inflammatory diseases remain to be investigated.

Distribution of Fatty Acids in Cod Flesh Lipids

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2083-2090 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Addison ◽  
R. G. Ackman ◽  
J. Hingley
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Fatty Acid Distribution ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Silicic Acid Chromatography ◽  
Lipid Fractions

Cod flesh lipids were separated by silicic acid chromatography into eight fractions, and the fatty acid distribution in five of these was examined by gas–liquid chromatography (GLC). As compared with the fatty acid composition of total flesh lipids, sterol esters contained less 16:0 but more 20:5ω3; ethanolamine phosphatides contained less 16:0, less 20:5ω3, but more 22:6ω3; serine phosphatides contained less 16:0 and less 20:5ω3 but more 18:0; and choline phosphatides had a fatty acid composition roughly similar to that of total flesh lipid but containing slightly more 16:0 and 20:5ω3 and less 22:6ω3. In fatty acid composition, the triglycerides more closely resembled liver lipid than any of the flesh lipid fractions.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Composition and Lipid Profile ofDiospyros mespiliformis, Albizia lebbeck, andCaesalpinia pulcherrimaSeed Oils from Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewale Adewuyi ◽  
Rotimi Ayodele Oderinde
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Distribution ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Albizia Lebbeck ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Molecular Speciation

The screening of lesser-known underutilized seeds as source of food has been a way of finding solution to food insecurity in developing nations. In this regard, oil as a class of food was extracted from the seeds ofDiospyros mespiliformis  (4.72±0.2%),Albizia lebbeck  (6.40±0.60%), andCaesalpinia pulcherrima  (7.2±0.30%). The oils were finally analyzed for their fatty acid composition, lipid classes, fatty acid distribution in the lipid fractions, and molecular speciation of the triacylglycerols, glycolipids, and phospholipids. The fatty acid composition of the oils varied with C18:2 fatty acid being the most dominant in the oils. Neutral lipids were the most abundant lipid class found in the oils while molecular species of the triacylglycerol with equivalent carbon chain number C40 was majorly present in the oils ofDiospyros mespiliformisandCaesalpinia pulcherrima. The present study presents lesser-known underutilized seeds as possible sources of food.

scholarly journals The influence of maize oil on the fatty acid composition of tissues of calves with and without vitamin E

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritva Poukka ◽  
Aili Oksanen
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Maize Oil

1. Fatty acid levels were studied in the tissues of 1-week-old calves receiving maize oil (in filled milk) with and without supplementary α-tocopherol. The calves that were not given vitamin E developed muscular dystrophy.2. Decreased amounts of linoleic acid and increased amounts of arachidonic acid were found in nearly all the lipid fractions of skeletal muscles, hearts, livers and kidneys of vitamin E-deficient calves. The concentration of the polyunsaturated fatty acids beyond arachidonic acid remained about the same in both groups. There was a significant decrease of 20:2Ω6 fatty acid in the phosphatidy1 choline, phosphatidy1 ethanolamine and free fatty acid fractions in the livers and kidneys of vitamin E-deficient calves.3. It is suggested that vitamin E has an inhibitory effect on the desaturating but not on the chain-elongation enzymes of microsomes in the liver and kidney.4. Maize-oil feeding had only a slight effect on erythrocyte fatty acid composition, and the erythrocyte haemolysis test was negative even in the vitamin E-deficient animals.

The Influence of Different Types of ω3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Blood Lipids and Platelet Function in Healthy Volunteers

1983 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. B. Sanders ◽  
Farah Roshanai
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Plasma Triglyceride ◽  
Similar Amount

1. Five healthy subjects took a daily supplement of 20 ml of linseed oil for 2 weeks. After a break of at least 6 weeks, the same subjects took a similar amount of MaxEPA (a fish oil fraction) for 2 weeks. The linseed oil supplement provided 9.38 g of linolenic acid (18:3 ω3) and the MaxEPA supplement provided 3.03 g of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 ω3) and 2.93 g of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 ω3). The effects of the supplements on plasma lipid concentrations and on the fatty acid composition of platelet phosphoglycerides were studied. 2. In a second experiment, five male subjects took 5, 10 and 20 g of MaxEPA/day in random order for 3 week periods; each experimental period was separated by a break of at least 6 weeks. These doses of MaxEPA provided 0.83, 1.67 and 3.33 g of 20:5 ω3 and 0.80, 1.61 and 3.22 g 22:6 ω3 respectively. The effects of these supplements on plasma lipid concentrations, the fatty acid composition of platelet phosphoglycerides, template bleeding time and platelet aggregation induced by collagen and the prostaglandin analogue compound U46619 were studied. 3. In the platelet lipids, the proportion of 20:5 ω3 was increased by the 20 ml linseed oil supplement but the increase was small compared with the increase brought about by even 5 g of MaxEPA/day. The proportion of arachidonic acid (20:4 ω3) was substantially decreased by the MaxEPA supplement but not by the linseed oil supplement. The ratio of 20:4 ω6/20:5 ω3 fell from 32:1 in the control periods to 11:1 with 5 g, 7:1 with 10 g and 5:1 with 20 g of MaxEPA/day. The MaxEPA supplement also led to increases in the proportions of 22:5 ω3 and 22:6 ω3 and decreases in those of 20:3 ω6 and 22:4 ω6. 4. Bleeding times tended to be prolonged with the MaxEPA supplement but did not follow any dose-dependent trend. Platelet aggregation induced by both collagen and compound U46619 was not inhibited in vitro. 5. Plasma triglyceride concentrations were lowered by the MaxEPA supplement but not by the linseed oil supplement. Plasma triglyceride concentrations were substantially lowered by 10 g and 20 g of MaxEPA/day. Total plasma cholesterol concentrations were slightly lowered and HDL cholesterol concentrations were slightly increased by 20 g of MaxEPA/day. No other significant differences were noted.

Chlorobutanol, a Preservative of Desmopressin, Inhibits Human Platelet Aggregation and Release In Vitro

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (03) ◽  
pp. 473-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Luen Chen ◽  
Wu-Chang Yang ◽  
Tung-Po Huang ◽  
Shiang Wann ◽  
Che-ming Teng
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Atp Release ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Antiplatelet Effect ◽  
Human Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Acid Pathway ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Pathway

SummaryTherapeutic preparations of desmopressin for parenteral use contain the preservative chlorobutanol (5 mg/ml). We show here that chlorobutanol is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and release. It exhibited a significant inhibitory activity toward several aggregation inducers in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Thromboxane B2 formation, ATP release, and elevation of cytosolic free calcium caused by collagen, ADP, epinephrine, arachidonic acid and thrombin respectively were markedly inhibited by chlorobutanol. Chlorobutanol had no effect on elastase- treated platelets and its antiplatelet effect could be reversed. It is concluded that the antiplatelet effect of chlorobutanol is mainly due to its inhibition on the arachidonic acid pathway but it is unlikely to have a nonspecitic toxic effect. This antiplatelet effect of chlorobutanol suggests that desmopressin, when administered for improving hemostasis, should not contain chlorobutanol as a preservative.

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