Antithrombin III in Full-Term and Pre-Term Newborn Infants : Three Cases of Neonatal Diagnosis of AT III Congenital Defect

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (03) ◽  
pp. 329-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
V De Stefano ◽  
G Leone ◽  
M P De Carolis ◽  
R Ferrelli ◽  
S De Carolis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Congenital Defect ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Congenital Deficiency ◽  
At Iii

SummaryAntithrombin III (AT III) plasma levels were investigated in 18 full term neonates and 14 healthy preterm neonates. A control group of 20 healthy adults was also studied. AT III was measured as antigen concentration (Ag) and antithrombin or anti-factor Xa heparin cofactor (H. C.) activities. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis on heparin-agarose (H-CIE) was carried out on plasma samples; moreover the distribution of isoantithrombins was investigated on whole plasma by a technique of crossed immunoelectrofocusing (CIEF). AT III plasma levels in full term infants were significantly lower as compared to the adult values. The preterm newborns group showed a further significant decrease in AT III levels as compared to the full term neonates. In all infants AT III H-CIE runs displayed a single fast moving anodal peak, so that a normal binding to heparin was demonstrated. The CIEF AT III plasma pattern of the adults as well as of all neonates displayed three major peaks at pH range 5.2-4.9, a small amount of AT III at pH 4.9-4.8 and a minor peak at pH 4.8-4.6, so that it was concluded that the isoantithrombins plasma distribution in neonatal age is identical to that of the adult subjects. Four neonates whose mothers were affected by AT III congenital defect were also investigated: diagnosis of congenital deficiency was established in three cases.

scholarly journals Morbidity profile and immediate outcome of late preterm neonates compared to term neonates in a rural tertiary care hospital of Gujarat

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Rasania ◽  
Prasad Muley
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Late Preterm Infants

Background: Late premature infants are born near term, but are immature. As a consequence, late preterm infants are at higher risk than term infants to develop morbidities. Although late preterm infants are the largest subgroup of preterm infants, there is a very limited data available on problems regarding late preterm infants in rural India.Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study using previously collected data from neonates born at Dhiraj Hospital and neonates who were born outside but admitted at SNCU of Dhiraj Hospital, Piparia, Vadodara district, Gujarat, India between January 2015 to December 2015.Results: 168 late preterm infants and 1025 term infants were included in this study. The need for SNCU admission is significantly higher in late preterm compared to full term (41.07% vs 2.04%). Morbidities were higher in late preterm neonates compared to full term neonates. Sepsis (4.76% vs 1.07%), TTN (10.11% vs 2.04%), hyperbilirubinemia (19.04% vs 9.36%), RDS (1.78% vs 0.09%), hypoglycemia (1.78% vs 0.29%), PDA (1.78% vs 0.58%), risk of major congenital malformation (2.38% vs 0.58%). Need for respiratory support was 5.95% in late preterm vs 2.04% in full term neonates. Immediate neonatal outcome in terms of death and DAMA (non-salvageable) cases was poor in late preterm neonates compared to full term neonates (1.19% vs 0.78%).Conclusions: Late preterm neonates are at higher risk of morbidities and mortalities. They require special care. Judicious obstetric decisions are required to prevent late preterm births. 

Maternal and neonatal vitamin D deficiency and transient tachypnea of the newborn in full term neonates

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1057-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Omran ◽  
Heba Mousa ◽  
Mohamed Osama Abdalla ◽  
Osama Zekry
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Average Hospital ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Neonatal Blood ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Aim: To investigate the association between maternal and neonatal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels and development of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) in full term infants. Methods: This was a prospective case-control study carried out on 30 neonates with TTN and their mothers and 30 control neonates and their mothers. Levels of 25-OHD were measured in maternal and neonatal blood samples that were obtained in the first 12–24 h of postnatal age. Results: Both maternal and neonatal 25-OHD levels in the TTN group were significantly lower compared to the control group (P=0.0001). A negative correlation was observed between neonatal 25-OHD level and average hospital stay (P=0.0001). Conclusion: We observed that lower maternal and neonatal vitamin 25-OHD levels were associated with TTN development in full term infants.

scholarly journals Effect of sex and gestational age on neonatal body composition

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 1105-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Simon ◽  
Paula Borrego ◽  
Dominique Darmaun ◽  
Arnaud Legrand ◽  
Jean-Christophe Rozé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Term Neonates

To determine the effects of length of gestation and sex on infant body composition, air displacement plethysmography was performed in forty-six full-term neonates at 3 d of life and during the week prior to hospital discharge in 180 preterm neonates. Fat mass, as a percentage of body weight, was higher in preterm than in term infants (13·4 (sd 4·2) v. 10·1 (sd 3·7) %, respectively; P= 0·001). The absolute amount of fat mass did not differ between preterm and full-term newborns (323 (sd 126) v. 335 (sd 138) g; P= 0·58), whereas lean body mass was lower in preterm than in term infants (2055 (sd 280) v. 2937 (sd 259) g, respectively; P< 0·001). Among full-term infants, fat mass was higher in females than in males (11·1 (sd 3·7) v. 9·0 (sd 3·3) %, respectively; P= 0·047), whereas we did not observe any sex difference in preterm infants (13·5 (sd 4·1) v. 13·4 (sd 4·3) %; P= 0·89). Our data suggest that by the time they are discharged from hospital: (1) preterm infants have a higher percentage of body fat than term neonates and (2) this is presumably due to a lesser accretion in lean body mass in the first few weeks of extra-uterine life, particularly in boys.

scholarly journals Preterm Delivery: Role of Zinc

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masuda Sultana ◽  
Nasim Jahan ◽  
Nayma Sultana ◽  
Shamshad Begum Quraishi ◽  
Tasrina Rabeya Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Zinc Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Neonates

Background: Preterm delivery is a very challenging obstetric complication in Bangladesh. Reducedserum zinc (Zn) concentration of the pregnant mother may have some role in causing preterm delivery.Objectives: To measure serum zinc level in preterm delivery mother and their respective neonates toobserve their status. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department ofPhysiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, during the period of 1st Januaryto 31st December 2009. A total 136 subjects were included in this study, of whom 27 were full termdelivery mother with their respective neonates (group B), treated as control group and another 27were preterm delivery mothers with their respective neonates (group C), treated as study group. Ageranged of preterm and full term mother were from 20-40 years. Again, 28 non pregnant women with agerange from 20-30 years were taken as reference value (groupa A). Statistical analysis was done byusing appropriate method as applicable. Results: Mean serum zinc level was significantly (p<0.001)lower in preterm mother in comparison to that of full term mother and also in preterm neonates thanthat of full term neonates. Serum total protein and albumin were significantly (p<0.001) lower inpreterm mother than those of full term mother and also in preterm neonates than those of theirrespective mothers and full term neonates. Again, maternal serum zinc level showed positive correlationwith birth weight of neonates and also with zinc concentration of neonatal blood. Conclusions: Thepresent study revealed a lower level of serum zinc in pre-term delivery mother and their neonates.These hypozincemia may be responsible for low birth weight of the fetus.Key Words: Zinc; pretermDOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v5i1.5415J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2010 June; 5(1): 27-33

scholarly journals Potential role of IFN-γ and IL-5 in sepsis prediction of preterm neonates

Open Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Jelena Vucic ◽  
Miodrag Vucic ◽  
Tatjana Stankovic ◽  
Hristina Stamenkovic ◽  
Sandra Stankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Premature Neonates ◽  
Early Onset Sepsis ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Venous Plasma

Abstract Not fully maturated immune system in preterm neonates may contribute to the increased susceptibility to infection. The levels of some cytokines can be useful in the prediction and diagnosis of sepsis in premature neonates. In the present study, we evaluated the potential predictive role of IFN-γ and IL-5 in cord and venous blood, together with the determination of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin (PCT) for sepsis development in premature neonates. A total of 80 participants were included. The laboratory results and clinical histories showed that 21 participants had sepsis. Early onset sepsis was detected in 3 patients while late onset sepsis was observed in 18 participants. The venous plasma levels of IFN-γ and PCT was markedly increased in sepsis groups when compared to the participants without sepsis. On the other hand, levels of IL-5 did not significantly change in the evaluated groups of sepsis and in the control group of participants. Simultaneously, plasma venous levels were not altered in any of the evaluated groups. Obtained findings suggest that venous plasma levels of IFN-γ, rather than levels of IFN-γ in cord blood plasma, and PCT may have predictive potential for sepsis development in preterm neonates. Further studies are necessary to get more comprehension of the complex function of cytokines for sepsis development in preterm neonates.

scholarly journals Purified radiolabeled antithrombin III metabolism in three families with hereditary AT III deficiency: application of a three-compartment model

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
EA Knot ◽  
E de Jong ◽  
JW ten Cate ◽  
AH Iburg ◽  
CP Henny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Surface Binding ◽  
Catabolic Rate ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Three Compartment Model ◽  
The Mean

Purified human radioiodinated antithrombin III (125I-AT III) was used to study its metabolism in six members from three different families with a known hereditary AT III deficiency. Six healthy volunteers served as a control group. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) showed the purified AT III to be homogeneous. Amino acid analysis of the protein revealed a composition identical to a highly purified internal standard. The specific activity was 5.6 U/mg. Analysis of plasma radioactivity data was performed, using a three-compartment model. Neither plasma disappearance half-times nor fractional catabolic rate constants differed significantly between patients and control subjects. The mean absolute catabolic rate in the patient group was significantly lower than that of the control group at 2.57 +/- 0.44 and 4.46 +/- 0.80 mg/kg/day, respectively. In addition, the mean patient alpha 1-phase, flux ratio (k1,2 and k2,1) of the second compartment alpha 2-phase and influx (k3,1) of the third compartment were significantly reduced as compared with control values. It has been tentatively concluded that the observed reduction in the second compartment may be caused by a decrease in endothelial cell surface binding.

Effect of a single breath of 100% oxygen on respiration in neonates during sleep

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1531-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Aizad ◽  
J. Bodani ◽  
D. Cates ◽  
L. Horvath ◽  
H. Rigatto
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Sleep State ◽  
Quiet Sleep ◽  
Peripheral Chemoreceptor ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Single Breath

To determine the effect of a single breath of 100% O2 on ventilation, 10 full-term [body wt 3,360 +/- 110 (SE) g, gestational age 39 +/- 0.4 wk, postnatal age 3 +/- 0.6 days] and 10 preterm neonates (body wt 2,020 +/- 60 g, gestational age 34 +/- 2 wk, postnatal age 9 +/- 2 days) were studied during active and quiet sleep states. The single-breath method was used to measure peripheral chemoreceptor response. To enhance response and standardize the control period for all infants, fractional inspired O2 concentration was adjusted to 16 +/- 0.6% for a control O2 saturation of 83 +/- 1%. After 1 min of control in each sleep state, each infant was given a single breath of O2 followed by 21% O2. Minute ventilation (VE), tidal volume (VT), breathing frequency (f), alveolar O2 and CO2 tension, O2 saturation (ear oximeter), and transcutaneous O2 tension were measured. VE always decreased with inhalation of O2 (P less than 0.01). In quiet sleep, the decrease in VE was less in full-term (14%) than in preterm (40%) infants (P less than 0.001). Decrease in VE was due primarily to a drop in VT in full-term infants as opposed to a fall in f and VT in preterm infants (P less than 0.05). Apnea, as part of the response, was more prevalent in preterm than in full-term infants. In active sleep the decrease in VE was similar both among full-term (19%) and preterm (21%) infants (P greater than 0.5). These results suggest greater peripheral chemoreceptor response in preterm than in full-term infants, reflected by a more pronounced decrease in VE with O2. The results are compatible with a more powerful peripheral chemoreceptor contribution to breathing in preterm than in full-term infants.

The Lowering of Bilirubin Levels in Full-Term Newborns by the Effect of Combined Massage Therapy and Phototherapy Practice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shokoufeh Ahmadipour ◽  
Mahnaz Mardani ◽  
Azam Mohsenzadeh ◽  
Parastoo Baharvand ◽  
Mohammad Nazeri
Keyword(s):  
Bilirubin Level ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Massage Therapy ◽  
Serum Bilirubin Level ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
And Control

Objective Various therapeutic treatments have been prescribed for decreasing the bilirubin level. Massage therapy is one of the neonate treatments for jaundice. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of combined massage therapy and phototherapy on neonatal jaundice. Study Design This study was performed at Shahid Madani Hospital in the city of Khorramabad in 2016, where 83 healthy full-term infants were enrolled. They were selected through convenience sampling and then were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The control group (n = 43) received phototherapy, whereas infants in the intervention group (n = 40) received 4 days of massage and phototherapy. The serum bilirubin level, frequency of stooling and amount of urination, duration of hospitalization, and feeding frequency were analyzed using SPSS by descriptive and analytical statistics (mixed regression models). Results Baseline levels of bilirubin were similar between the two groups (p > 0.05). The bilirubin level was measured as 13.4 ± 0.7 mg/dL in the intervention group on day 1. It stood at 14.4 ± 1.5 mg/dL in the control group, which was not statistically significantly different. However, the mean bilirubin level was decreased on day 4 of hospitalization to 7.4 ± 0.56 mg/dL and 9.0 ± 2.3 mg/dL, showing a significant difference decrease in the intervention and control group (p < 0.05), respectively. Conclusion Intervention had a significant role in decreasing the bilirubin level, amount of urination, and duration of hospitalization of full-term infants suffering from hyperbilirubinemia.

scholarly journals Production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in vitro by monocytes from preterm and term neonates [see comments]

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 2478-2484 ◽  
Author(s):  
KR Schibler ◽  
KW Liechty ◽  
WL White ◽  
RD Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
And Function ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Abstract We postulated that defective generation of granulocyte colony- stimulating factor (G-CSF) by cells of newborn infants might underlie their deficiencies in upregulating neutrophil production and function during bacterial infection. To test this, we isolated monocytes from the blood of preterm neonates, term neonates, and adults and, after stimulation with various concentrations of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), quantified G-CSF concentrations in cell supernatants and G-CSF mRNA in cell lysates. When stimulated with plateau concentrations of IL-1 alpha for 24 hours, G-CSF concentrations were higher in supernatants of adult cells (8,699 +/- 5,529 pg/10(6) monocytes) than in those from term infants (2,557 +/- 442 pg, P < .05) or from preterm infants (879 +/- 348 pg, P < .05 v adults). When stimulated with plateau concentrations of LPS, supernatants of monocytes from preterm neonates had less G-CSF than did those from term neonates or adults. G-CSF mRNA content was low in cells from preterm infants, higher in those from term infants, and highest in those from adults. On the basis of the in vitro studies, we speculated that serum G-CSF concentrations might be less elevated in neutropenic neonates than in neutropenic adults. Indeed, serum concentrations were relatively low in all nonneutropenic subjects; 92 +/- 34 pg/mL (mean +/- SEM) in 10 preterm neonates, 114 +/- 21 pg/mL in 16 term neonates, and 45 +/- 13 pg/mL in 11 healthy adults. Serum concentrations were not elevated in 7 neutropenic neonates (39 +/- 17 pg/mL) but were in 8 neutropenic adults (2101 +/- 942 pg/mL, P < .05 v healthy adults). Other studies suggested that the lower G-CSF production in neonates is not counterbalanced by a heightened sensitivity of G-CSF--responsive progenitors to G-CSF. Therefore, we speculate that newborn infants, particularly those delivered prematurely, generate comparatively low quantities of G-CSF after inflammatory stimulation, and that this might constitute part of the explanation for their defective upregulation of neutrophil production and function during infection.

Studies On The Dynamics Of Antithrombin III During Heparin Infusion By Radioimmunoassay

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Urano ◽  
M Nakagawa ◽  
T Kitani ◽  
Y Maeda ◽  
M Watada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heparin Infusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Radioimmunoassay Method

A radioimmunoassay method for antithrombin III (ATIII) was developed in order to detect the AT III levels correctly in plasma and tissues and the effect of heparin infusion was investigated on rat using this method and 125I labeled ATIII. Rat AT III was purified from rat defibrinated plasma by heparin sepharose affinity chromatography and gel filtrations. This purified AT III was used for the preparation of specific AT III antiserum. Labeling of AT III with 125I was performed according to the method by Hunter and Greenwood. Plasma level of AT III were significantly decreased in the treated group with heparin for 6 hours, although significant difference was not observed in AT III contents in various organs. The behavior of i.v. injected AT III laveled with 125I in the normal control and treated groups proved the difference on the half life of AT III. Control group gave 52 hours and it was shortened in the treated group. The percent radioactivity per ml plasma after 6 hours of heparin infusion was 1.16±0.51, and 2.01±0.38 in the control group, and significant difference was observed (p < 0.05). On the contrary the percent dose radioactivity per g tissue wet weight was significantly increased in the liver, lungs, and large intestine on the heparin treated group. The decreased amount of the intravenously injected laveled AT III appears to be trapped and metabolized in the various organs mainly in the liver during heparin infusion. The decrease of plasma AT III levels on the patients treated with heparin may be explained from these experimental results.

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