scholarly journals Effect of sex and gestational age on neonatal body composition

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 1105-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Simon ◽  
Paula Borrego ◽  
Dominique Darmaun ◽  
Arnaud Legrand ◽  
Jean-Christophe Rozé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Term Neonates

To determine the effects of length of gestation and sex on infant body composition, air displacement plethysmography was performed in forty-six full-term neonates at 3 d of life and during the week prior to hospital discharge in 180 preterm neonates. Fat mass, as a percentage of body weight, was higher in preterm than in term infants (13·4 (sd 4·2) v. 10·1 (sd 3·7) %, respectively; P= 0·001). The absolute amount of fat mass did not differ between preterm and full-term newborns (323 (sd 126) v. 335 (sd 138) g; P= 0·58), whereas lean body mass was lower in preterm than in term infants (2055 (sd 280) v. 2937 (sd 259) g, respectively; P< 0·001). Among full-term infants, fat mass was higher in females than in males (11·1 (sd 3·7) v. 9·0 (sd 3·3) %, respectively; P= 0·047), whereas we did not observe any sex difference in preterm infants (13·5 (sd 4·1) v. 13·4 (sd 4·3) %; P= 0·89). Our data suggest that by the time they are discharged from hospital: (1) preterm infants have a higher percentage of body fat than term neonates and (2) this is presumably due to a lesser accretion in lean body mass in the first few weeks of extra-uterine life, particularly in boys.

scholarly journals Morbidity profile and immediate outcome of late preterm neonates compared to term neonates in a rural tertiary care hospital of Gujarat

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Rasania ◽  
Prasad Muley
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Late Preterm Infants

Background: Late premature infants are born near term, but are immature. As a consequence, late preterm infants are at higher risk than term infants to develop morbidities. Although late preterm infants are the largest subgroup of preterm infants, there is a very limited data available on problems regarding late preterm infants in rural India.Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study using previously collected data from neonates born at Dhiraj Hospital and neonates who were born outside but admitted at SNCU of Dhiraj Hospital, Piparia, Vadodara district, Gujarat, India between January 2015 to December 2015.Results: 168 late preterm infants and 1025 term infants were included in this study. The need for SNCU admission is significantly higher in late preterm compared to full term (41.07% vs 2.04%). Morbidities were higher in late preterm neonates compared to full term neonates. Sepsis (4.76% vs 1.07%), TTN (10.11% vs 2.04%), hyperbilirubinemia (19.04% vs 9.36%), RDS (1.78% vs 0.09%), hypoglycemia (1.78% vs 0.29%), PDA (1.78% vs 0.58%), risk of major congenital malformation (2.38% vs 0.58%). Need for respiratory support was 5.95% in late preterm vs 2.04% in full term neonates. Immediate neonatal outcome in terms of death and DAMA (non-salvageable) cases was poor in late preterm neonates compared to full term neonates (1.19% vs 0.78%).Conclusions: Late preterm neonates are at higher risk of morbidities and mortalities. They require special care. Judicious obstetric decisions are required to prevent late preterm births. 

Comparison of the Effect of Soy protein and Whey protein on Body Composition: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Masoome Piri Damaghi ◽  
Atieh Mirzababaei ◽  
Sajjad Moradi ◽  
Elnaz Daneshzad ◽  
Atefeh Tavakoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage

Abstract Background: Essential amino acids (EAAs) promote the process of regulating muscle synthesis. Thus, whey protein that contains higher amounts of EAA can have a considerable effect on modifying muscle synthesis. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the effect of soy and whey protein supplementation on body composition. Thus, we sought to perform a meta-analysis of published Randomized Clinical Trials that examined the effect of whey protein supplementation and soy protein supplementation on body composition (lean body mass, fat mass, body mass and body fat percentage) in adults. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, up to August 2020, for all relevant published articles assessing soy protein supplementation and whey protein supplementation on body composition parameters. We included all Randomized Clinical Trials that investigated the effect of whey protein supplementation and soy protein supplementation on body composition in adults. Pooled means and standard deviations (SD) were calculated using random-effects models. Subgroup analysis was applied to discern possible sources of heterogeneity. Results: After excluding non-relevant articles, 10 studies, with 596 participants, remained in this study. We found a significant increase in lean body mass after whey protein supplementation weighted mean difference (WMD: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.15, 1.67. P= 0.019). Subgroup analysis, for whey protein, indicated that there was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals concomitant to exercise (WMD: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.47, 2.00; P= 0.001). There was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals who received 12 or less weeks of whey protein (WMD: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.63; P<0.0001). We observed no significant change between whey protein supplementation and body mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage. We found no significant change between soy protein supplementation and lean body mass, body mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage. Subgroup analysis for soy protein indicated there was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals who supplemented for 12 or less weeks with soy protein (WMD: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.89; P< 0.0001). Conclusion: Whey protein supplementation significantly improved body composition via increases in lean body mass, without influencing fat mass, body mass, and body fat percentage.

scholarly journals The Effects of Intermittent Fasting Combined with Resistance Training on Lean Body Mass: A Systematic Review of Human Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2349
Author(s):  
Stephen Keenan ◽  
Matthew B. Cooke ◽  
Regina Belski
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

Diets utilising intermittent fasting (IF) as a strategic method to manipulate body composition have recently grown in popularity, however, dietary practices involving fasting have also been followed for centuries for religious reasons (i.e., Ramadan). Regardless of the reasons for engaging in IF, the impacts on lean body mass (LBM) may be detrimental. Previous research has demonstrated that resistance training promotes LBM accrual, however, whether this still occurs during IF is unclear. Therefore, the objective of this review is to systematically analyse human studies investigating the effects of variations of IF combined with resistance training on changes in LBM in previously sedentary or trained (non-elite) individuals. Changes in body weight and fat mass, and protocol adherence were assessed as a secondary objective. This review followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed and SportDiscus databases were searched for articles investigating IF, combined with resistance training that reported measures of body composition. Eight studies met the eligibility criteria. LBM was generally maintained, while one study reported a significant increase in LBM. Body fat mass or percentage was significantly reduced in five of eight studies. Results suggest that IF paired with resistance training generally maintains LBM, and can also promote fat loss. Future research should examine longer-term effects of various forms of IF combined with resistance training compared to traditional forms of energy restriction. Prospero registration CRD42018103867.

scholarly journals Seasonal Body Composition Variation Amongst Elite European Professional Soccer Players: An Approach of Talent Identification

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Lee Owen ◽  
Carlos Lago-Peñas ◽  
Gordon Dunlop ◽  
Rouissi Mehdi ◽  
Moktar Chtara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Composition Profiles

AbstractThe primary aim of the investigation was to study the seasonal changes in body composition in elite European soccer players and identify key playing positional differences. Twenty-two players (age = 24 ± 3.7 years, body height = 180.45 ± 5.12 cm, body mass = 76.66 ± 5.34 kg) were tested. Players’ mass (kg), lean body mass (LBM), fat free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), muscle girths (MG) and sum of 8 skinfolds (mm) were measured across 5 time points (T0 = Start of pre-season training; T1 = End of pre-season training; T2 = Mid-season; T3 = End of mid-season break; T4 = End of season). Players were divided into their tactical positional roles for analysis. The specific positions they were divided into included defenders (n = 8), midfielders (n = 8) and forwards (n = 6). Assessment of training and matchplay exposure were also recorded. Sites-4, Sites-7, Sites-8 and Fat Mass decreased dramatically from T0 to T1 and T2 in all playing positions (p < 0.01), while no remarkable differences were found between T2, T3 and T4. Except for defenders, calf girth and lean mass were higher in T2, T3 and T4 compared to T0 and T1 (p < 0.01). Midfielders were found to be leaner than forwards and defenders in all data collection time point sessions. Defenders showed higher values in calf girth and lean body mass than midfielders and forwards. It can be concluded from this investigation that there are large variances n positional body composition profiles amongst professional European soccer players. Furthermore, significant changes are prevalent and occur across the season from LBM, FFM, MG and skinfold assessment amongst European elite level soccer players.

scholarly journals New charts for the assessment of body composition, according to air-displacement plethysmography, at birth and across the first 6 mo of life

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 1353-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Norris ◽  
Sara E Ramel ◽  
Patrick Catalano ◽  
Carol ni Caoimh ◽  
Paola Roggero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Young Infants

ABSTRACT Background Air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) is a good candidate for monitoring body composition in newborns and young infants, but reference centile curves are lacking that allow for assessment at birth and across the first 6 mo of life. Objective Using pooled data from 4 studies, we aimed to produce new charts for assessment according to gestational age at birth (30 + 1 to 41 + 6 wk) and postnatal age at measurement (1–27 wk). Methods The sample comprised 222 preterm infants born in the United States who were measured at birth; 1029 term infants born in Ireland who were measured at birth; and 149 term infants born in the United States and 57 term infants born in Italy who were measured at birth, 1 and 2 wk, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 mo of age. Infants whose birth weights were <3rd or >97th centile of the INTERGROWTH-21st standard were excluded, thereby ensuring that the charts depict body composition of infants whose birth weights did not indicate suboptimal fetal growth. Sex-specific centiles for fat mass (kg), fat-free mass (kg), and percentage body fat were estimated using the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method. Results For each sex and measure (e.g., fat mass), the new charts comprised 2 panels. The first showed centiles according to gestational age, allowing term infants to be assessed at birth and preterm infants to be monitored until they reached term. The second showed centiles according to postnatal age, allowing all infants to be monitored to age 27 wk. The LMS values underlying the charts were presented, enabling researchers and clinicians to convert measurements to centiles and z scores. Conclusions The new charts provide a single tool for the assessment of body composition, according to ADP, in infants across the first 6 mo of life and will help enhance early-life nutritional management.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Comparison of Auditory Steady-State Evoked Potentials in Preterm and Term Infants: The Maturation Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 200-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Sousa ◽  
Dayane Didoné ◽  
Pricila Sleifer
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
System Development ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Longitudinal Comparison ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Auditory Monitoring

Introduction Preterm neonates are at risk of changes in their auditory system development, which explains the need for auditory monitoring of this population. The Auditory Steady-State Response (ASSR) is an objective method that allows obtaining the electrophysiological thresholds with greater applicability in neonatal and pediatric population. Objective The purpose of this study is to compare the ASSR thresholds in preterm and term infants evaluated during two stages. Method The study included 63 normal hearing neonates: 33 preterm and 30 term. They underwent assessment of ASSR in both ears simultaneously through insert phones in the frequencies of 500 to 4000Hz with the amplitude modulated from 77 to 103Hz. We presented the intensity at a decreasing level to detect the minimum level of responses. At 18 months, 26 of 33 preterm infants returned for the new assessment for ASSR and were compared with 30 full-term infants. We compared between groups according to gestational age. Results Electrophysiological thresholds were higher in preterm than in full-term neonates (p < 0.05) at the first testing. There were no significant differences between ears and gender. At 18 months, there was no difference between groups (p > 0.05) in all the variables described. Conclusion In the first evaluation preterm had higher thresholds in ASSR. There was no difference at 18 months of age, showing the auditory maturation of preterm infants throughout their development.

scholarly journals Testosterone replacement therapy of opioid-induced male hypogonadism improved body composition but not pain perception: a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 182 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorte Glintborg ◽  
Henrik Bjarke Vaegter ◽  
Louise Lehmann Christensen ◽  
Emma Bendix ◽  
Thomas Graven-Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Double Blind

Background Hypogonadism is prevalent during opioid treatment, but the effect of testosterone replacement treatment (TRT) on body composition, pain perception, and adrenal function is unclear. Purpose To measure changes in body composition, pain perception, quality of life, and adrenal function after TRT or placebo in opioid-treated men with chronic non-malignant pain. Methods Double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 41 men (>18 years) with total testosterone <12 nmol/L were randomized to 24 weeks TRT (Testosterone undecanoate injection three times/6 months, n = 20) or placebo (placebo-injections, n = 21). Outcomes Body composition (lean body mass and fat mass assessed by DXA), clinical pain intensity (numerical rating scale), and experimental pain perception (quantitative sensory assessment), quality of life (SF36), and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) test. Data were presented as median (quartiles). Mann–Whitney tests were performed on delta values (24–0 weeks) between TRT and placebo. Results The median age was 55 years (46; 59) and total testosterone before intervention was 6.8 (5.0; 9.3) nmol/L. TRT was associated with change of testosterone levels: 12.3 (7.0; 19.9) nmol/L (P < 0.001 vs placebo), increased lean body mass: 3.6 (2.3; 5.0) kg vs 0.1 kg (−2.1; 1.5) during TRT vs placebo and decreased total fat mass: −1.2 (−3.1; 0.7) kg vs 1.2 kg (−0.9; 2.5) kg, both P < 0.003. Changed pain perception, SF36, and ACTH-stimulated cortisol levels were non-significantly changed during TRT compared with placebo. Conclusions Six months of TRT improved body composition in men with opioid-induced hypogonadism without significant changes in outcomes of pain perception, quality of life, or adrenal function.

Antithrombin III in Full-Term and Pre-Term Newborn Infants : Three Cases of Neonatal Diagnosis of AT III Congenital Defect

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (03) ◽  
pp. 329-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
V De Stefano ◽  
G Leone ◽  
M P De Carolis ◽  
R Ferrelli ◽  
S De Carolis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Congenital Defect ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Congenital Deficiency ◽  
At Iii

SummaryAntithrombin III (AT III) plasma levels were investigated in 18 full term neonates and 14 healthy preterm neonates. A control group of 20 healthy adults was also studied. AT III was measured as antigen concentration (Ag) and antithrombin or anti-factor Xa heparin cofactor (H. C.) activities. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis on heparin-agarose (H-CIE) was carried out on plasma samples; moreover the distribution of isoantithrombins was investigated on whole plasma by a technique of crossed immunoelectrofocusing (CIEF). AT III plasma levels in full term infants were significantly lower as compared to the adult values. The preterm newborns group showed a further significant decrease in AT III levels as compared to the full term neonates. In all infants AT III H-CIE runs displayed a single fast moving anodal peak, so that a normal binding to heparin was demonstrated. The CIEF AT III plasma pattern of the adults as well as of all neonates displayed three major peaks at pH range 5.2-4.9, a small amount of AT III at pH 4.9-4.8 and a minor peak at pH 4.8-4.6, so that it was concluded that the isoantithrombins plasma distribution in neonatal age is identical to that of the adult subjects. Four neonates whose mothers were affected by AT III congenital defect were also investigated: diagnosis of congenital deficiency was established in three cases.

Body Composition Outcomes of a Qigong Intervention Among Community-Dwelling Aging Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1574-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Ying Chang ◽  
Hsiao-Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Aging Adults ◽  
Experimental Group

Aging causes various changes in body composition, which are critical implications for health and physical functioning in aging adults. The aim of this study was to explore the body composition outcomes of a qigong intervention among community-dwelling aging adults. This was a quasi-experimental study in which 90 participants were recruited. Forty-eight participants (experimental group) attended a 30-min qigong program 3 times per week for 12 weeks, whereas 42 participants (control group) continued performing their usual daily activities. The experimental group achieved a greater reduction in the fat mass percentage at the posttest, and exhibited increased fat-free mass, lean body mass percentage, and lean body mass to fat mass ratio compared with the controls. No difference between the two groups in body mass index, fat mass, and lean body mass was observed. These results indicated that the qigong intervention showed beneficial outcomes of body composition among community-dwelling aging adults.

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