scholarly journals Vaccinations for Anal Squamous Cancer: Current and Emerging Therapies

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (06) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Glasgow ◽  
John Berry
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Genital Warts ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Hpv Vaccines ◽  
Emerging Therapies ◽  
Immune Therapies ◽  
Squamous Cancer

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is responsible for 4.3% of the global cancer burden. Since 2006, current HPV vaccines have reduced the prevalence of the virus in adolescent girls, reduced the prevalence of genital warts, and been proven to reduce the progression of anal intraepithelial neoplasia in men. Herein, we review the epidemiology, virology, and immunology behind the prophylactic HPV vaccines and current recommendations for its use. We also review future immune therapies being trialed for use against HPV-related cancers including anal cancer.

Anal intraepithelial neoplasia progression to squamous cell carcinoma.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 353-353
Author(s):  
Bhavna Gami ◽  
Paul Ziprin ◽  
Robert D Goldin ◽  
Michael Osborn ◽  
Linda Greene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cell Transformation ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Prospective Database

353 Background: In the U.K., the annual incidence of anal cancer is up to 1.5 per 100,000 per year. Anal intra-epithelial neoplasia (AIN) is believed to be a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma whose incidence is still undetermined. This cell transformation has been associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, in particular HPV 16 and 18. Our aim was to determine the frequency of progression to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anus in patients with known AIN. Methods: Study subjects with diagnosis of AIN from January 1st 1997 to January 1st 2009 were identified from a prospective database in a single hospital trust. The incidence of a subsequent diagnosis of anal SCC was determined from the local pathology and anal cancer database and cross referenced with the regional cancer database, Thames Cancer Registry. Results: We identified 397 patients (303 males) diagnosed with AIN in the database and HPV infection was identified in n= 395 patients. 15 (4%) patients were diagnosed with anal SCC a median of 5 months, Interquartile range 27 (2- 29 months) after their initial diagnosis. The distribution of AIN 1, 2 and 3 at presentation was 2, 1 and 12 respectively. Of interest, number of patients developed other HPV related cancers during the study period, such as vulva (n=8), cervical (n=3) and penile cancers (n=1). Conclusions: The incidence of anal cancer is higher in patients with known AIN compared to the general population. This justifies surveillance of these patients for anal and other HPV related intraepithelial neoplasia, however the nature of this, anoscopy or clinical examination alone, has yet to be determined.

scholarly journals Prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus genotypes in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in China: a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 302 (6) ◽  
pp. 1329-1337
Author(s):  
Junya Zhang ◽  
Keyan Cheng ◽  
Zhilian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Hpv Vaccines ◽  
Hpv Genotypes

Abstract Background and aim Data on type-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) are needed to investigate HPV-based screening tests and HPV vaccines. However, Chinese relevant data are insufficient. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to summarize and demonstrate the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and compensate for the shortage of HPV vaccines in China. Methods The Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases, as well as references cited in the selected studies, were systematically searched for studies investigating the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes between January 2000 and April 2019 in China. Results A total of 8 studies were identified, which comprised 2950 patients with CIN1 and 5393 with CIN2/3. The overall HPV infection rate was 84.37%. The HPV infection rate was significantly higher in the CIN2/3 group (87.00%) than in the CIN1 group (79.56%) (χ2 = 80.095, P < 0.001). The most common HPV types in CIN1 in order of decreasing prevalence were as follows: HPV52 (20.31%), HPV16 (16.81%), HPV58 (14.44%), HPV18 (6.44%), and HPV53 (5.76%). However, in the CIN2/3 group, HPV16 (45.69%) was the predominant type, followed by HPV58 (15.50%), HPV52 (11.74%), HPV33 (9.35%), and HPV31 (4.34%). Conclusions This study suggested that HPV16, HPV52, and HPV58 were the top three types of CIN in China. The findings might provide a reference for future HPV-based cervical cancer screening tests, treatment of HPV infection, and application of HPV vaccines in China.

scholarly journals Two Landmark Studies Published in 1976/1977 Paved the Way for the Recognition of Human Papillomavirus as the Major Cause of the Global Cancer Burden

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 316-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari J. Syrjänen
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Reasonable Doubt ◽  
Hpv Vaccines ◽  
Induced Tumors ◽  
Tumor Virus ◽  
The Right

Two groundbreaking reports were published in Acta Cytologica at the transition of 1976 to 1977. One appeared in the last issue of 1976 [Meisels and Fortin: Acta Cytol 1976;20:505-509] and the other in the first issue of 1977 [Purola and Savia: Acta Cytol 1977;21:26-31]. Today, 40 years later, it is not an overstatement to conclude that these are the two most influential studies ever published in this journal. Two reports with a similar content being published so close together (in the same journal) raised the question “Which of the two reports was truly submitted first?” In this commentary, this enigma is clarified beyond reasonable doubt, based on the well-considered testimonial of Prof. Leopold G. Koss, the reviewer of one of the two papers. To fully appreciate the significance of the novel discovery made in these two reports, it is essential to align them in the right context, both retrospectively and prospectively. This commentary will assist the reader by summarizing the existing knowledge on human papillomavirus (HPV) before these two milestone papers appeared, and describe the incredibly rapid progress that they evoked during the subsequent decades, which made HPV the single most important human tumor virus. As the final proof of virus-cancer causality, prophylactic HPV vaccines have been effective in preventing (a) virus transmission and HPV infection, (b) benign HPV-induced tumors (genital warts), and (c) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Formal evidence of the prevention of cervical cancer by these HPV vaccines still awaits confirmation, and the same applies to the eventual prevention of human cancers at other anatomic sites, part of the global burden of oncogenic HPVs.

A combined ultrastructural and gene molecular research for the relationship between human uterine cervical carcinoma and human papillomavirus

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-205
Author(s):  
Kun Lee ◽  
Jingyi Si ◽  
Ricai Han ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Bingbing Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Homologous Sequences ◽  
Normal Cervical Epithelium ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chronic Cervicitis

There are more supports for the view that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection might be an etiological factor in the development of cervical cancer when the association of persistent condylomata is considered. Biopsies from 318 cases with squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix, 48 with cervical and vulvar condylomata, 14 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), 34 with chronic cervicitis and 24 normal cervical epithelium were collected from 5 geographic regions of China with different cervical cancer mortalities. All specimens were prepared for Dot blot, Southern blot and in situ DNA-DNA hybridizations by using HPV-11, 16, 18 DNA labelled with 32P and 3H as probes to detect viral homologous sequences in samples. Among them, 32 cases with cervical cancer, 27 with condyloma and 10 normal cervical epitheliums were randomly chosen for comparative EM observation. The results showed that: 1), 192 out of 318 (60.4%) cases of cervical cancer were positive for HPV-16 DNA probe (Table I)

scholarly journals Triage of human papillomavirus infected women by methylation analysis in first-void urine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Severien Van Keer ◽  
Annina P. van Splunter ◽  
Jade Pattyn ◽  
Annemie De Smet ◽  
Sereina A. Herzog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Screening Attendance

AbstractHost cell DNA methylation analysis in urine provides promising triage markers for women diagnosed with a high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In this study, we have investigated a panel of six host cell methylation markers (GHSR, SST, ZIC1, ASCL1, LHX8, ST6GALNAC5) in cervicovaginal secretions collected within the first part of the urine void (FVU) from a referral population. Cytology, histology, and HPV DNA genotyping results on paired FVU and cervical samples were available. Urinary median methylation levels from HR-HPV (n = 93) positive women were found to increase for all markers with severity of underlying disease. Significantly elevated levels were observed for GHSR and LHX8 in relation to high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2 +; n = 33), with area under de curve values of 0.80 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.59–0.92) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.58–0.89), respectively. These findings are the first to support the assertion that methylation analysis of host cell genes is feasible in FVU and holds promise as molecular, triage strategy to discern low- from high-grade cervical disease in HR-HPV positive women. Molecular testing on FVU may serve to increase cervical cancer screening attendance in hard-to-reach populations whilst reducing loss to follow-up and await further optimization and validation studies.

Vroegtijdige opsporing van voorstadia van een anaal carcinoom bij hiv-seropositieve patiënten

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. GÖKCE ◽  
J. GELDOF ◽  
P. ROELANDT ◽  
J. VAN DORPE ◽  
S. CALLENS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

Early detection of precursor lesions of anal cancer in HIV-seropositive patients Although anal cancer is rare in the overall population, its incidence is increasing in the last decades. Especially HIV-seropositive patients have an increased risk of developing anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), mainly because of the high prevalence of high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) among these patients. High-grade AIN is a precursor lesion for anal SCC associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Despite the lack of direct evidence demonstrating that AIN identification reduces the risk of anal cancer, experts think that screening and treatment of high-risk patients will prevent the disease. This article aims to review the current literature about AIN and discusses the screening options, including digital rectal examination, anal cytology and high-resolution anoscopy.

scholarly journals HPV vaccines for prevention of cervical pre-cancer in adolescent girls and women

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Jia Jian Li ◽  
Jessica Stetz
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Significant Benefit ◽  
Hpv Vaccines ◽  
Serious Adverse Events

The evidence presented in this Cochrane meta-analysis shows the HPV vaccination confers significant benefit in preventing cervical pre-cancer. NNT of 60 for preventing one cervical pre-cancer (women 15 to 25 years old with or without HPV infection). The effect is higher for lesions associated with HPV16/18. The data also demonstrates an absence of serious adverse events. Therefore, we have assigned a color recommendation of Green (Benefit > Harm) to this vaccine.

Human papillomavirus vaccination: evidence base for efficacy and safety

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Yuliya E. Dobrokhotova ◽  
Ekaterina I. Borovkova
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Further Development

The article provides a literature review on the prevention of cervical cancer by human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Currently, 3 vaccines are available: the 4-valent vaccine against HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18, the 9-valent vaccine against HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58 and the bivalent vaccine against HPV types 16 and 18. Vaccination provides protection for women and men against infection with HPV and further development of HPV-associated diseases. Following immunization, seroconversion develops in 93-100% of women and in 99-100% of men and is effective in preventing incident and persistent HPV infection as well as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. HPV immunization is ineffective in treating an existing HPV infection, genital warts, or anogenital intraepithelial neoplasia. HPV vaccination status does not affect recommendations for cervical cancer screening.

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus and human telomerase RNA component gene in cervical cancer progression

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Pianping Fan ◽  
Yingying Yang ◽  
Changjun Xu ◽  
Yajuan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Telomerase

Abstract This study aimed to examine hTERC gene in different grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer, and the association between hTERC and high risk-human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection. Patients who underwent cervical cancer screening at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between October 2010 and December 2011 were enrolled. All patients underwent liquid-based cytology test and hybrid capture 2 (HC2) for HPV detection. hTERC was examined using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Cervical colposcopy biopsy was performed if any of the three results was positive. HC2, FISH, and pathology were compared. A total of 1200 women underwent screening, 150 patients underwent cervical biopsy: 32 in the normal group, 38 in the CIN1 group, 66 in the CIN2/3 group, and 14 in the invasive cervical cancer group. More patients had HR-HPV infection in the CIN2/3 group and ICC group compared with the CIN1 group. hTERC increased with increasing histological dysplasia. There was significant difference in hTERC positive rate between each of the three groups. More patients with hTERC gene amplification were observed in the positive HR-HPV group than in the HR-HPV negative group. In conclusion, hTERC is a potential marker for precancerous cervical cancer lesions. hTERC might be correlated with HR-HPV infection in cervical diseases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document