Mood Disorders in ICD-11 and DSM-5

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maj
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Mixed States ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorders ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
The Past

SummaryThis paper briefly reviews how the ICD-11 and DSM-5 are going to handle the various continua existing in the area of mood disorders. The two systems will address the continua between “normal” elation and hypomania, between unipolar depression and bipolar disorder, and between anxiety disorders and depression in a more consistent way than in the past, while there will be differences in the characterization of mixed states and schizoaffective disorders. A major weakness of both systems will be the fact that the boundary between “normal” sadness and depression will not be based on a solid empirical evidence.

Mood Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan A Baloch ◽  
Jair C. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
History Of

Affective disorders are among the most common disorders in psychiatry. They are generally classified according to the persistence and extent of symptoms and by the polarity of these symptoms. The two poles of the affective spectrum are mania and depression. Bipolar disorder is characterized by the presence of the mania or hypomania and often depression. Unipolar depression is defined by depression in the absence of a lifetime history of mania or hypomania. These differences are not merely categorical but have important implications for the prognosis and treatment of these conditions. Bipolar disorder, for example, is better treated using mood-stabilizing medication, whereas unipolar depression responds optimally to antidepressant medications. In addition, prognostically, unipolar depression may sometimes be limited to one episode in a lifetime, whereas bipolar disorder is typically a lifelong condition. The course of both conditions, however, is often chronic, and frequently patients can present with unipolar depression only to later develop manic symptoms. A thorough understanding of both conditions is therefore required to treat patients presenting with affective symptomatology. This chapter discusses the epidemiology, etiology and genetics, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of unipolar depression and bipolar disorder. Figures illustrate gray matter differences with lithium use and the bipolar spectrum. Tables list the pharmacokinetics of commonly used antidepressants and medications commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. This review contains 2 figures, 2 tables, and 136 references.

Brain mechanisms in manic depression

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
B J Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depression ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Activity Information

Abstract Manic depressive illness (bipolar disorder) is the mood disorder classically considered to have a strong biological basis. During manic depressive cycles, patients show dramatic fluctuations of mood, energy, activity, information processing, and behaviors. Theories of brain function and mood disorders must deal with the case of bipolar disorder, not simply unipolar depression. Shifts in the nosologic concepts of how manic depression is related to other mood disorders are discussed in this overview, and the renewed adoption of the Kraepelinian "spectrum" concept is recommended. The variable clinical presentations of manic depressive illness are emphasized. New genetic mechanisms that must be considered as candidate factors in relation to this phenotypic heterogeneity are discussed. Finally, the correlation of clinical symptom clusters with brain systems is considered in the context of a three-component model of manic depression.

scholarly journals Preventing mood disorders associated with suicide-related behaviors among small- and medium-size enterprise workers in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaaki Fukushima ◽  
Osamu Takashio ◽  
Akatsuki Kokaze ◽  
Hidetoshi Sudo ◽  
Mari Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

Abstract Background: While the suicide rate in Japan has recently declined, it is still high from a global perspective. Recently, suicides related to unemployment caused by COVID-19 have increased. In addition, because of increases in karoshi and industrial accidents, mental health measures for workers have become an urgent issue. We previously conducted a study that tested whether screening for mood disorders, which were strongly associated with suicide-related behavior, helps prevent suicide in small and medium-size enterprise workers, where mental health support was insufficient. The current study builds on 2 the previous study’s findings that mental illness screening helps identify mood disorders and may provide a primary prevention method for suicide. Methods: A total of 1,411 consenting workers were surveyed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). A representative module of each disease item was extracted and analyzed. The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D), Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS), Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS-J), and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDISS) were used as secondary assessments. We compared individuals with depression, bipolar disorder, dysthymia, and mood disorders with a control group. In addition, we conducted multivariate analyses to investigate items that identified individuals with depression, mood dysregulation, bipolar disorder, or all-inclusive mood disorders. Results The adjusted odds ratios in the anxiety disorders groups were 3.2 for panic disorder, 2.6 for social anxiety disorder, 2.1 for agoraphobia, and 1.8 for generalized anxiety disorder; 2.1 for obsessive compulsive disorders; and 2.8 for the bulimia nervosa group. These results show a significant correlation with mental illnesses that are referred to as neuroses in a conventional diagnosis. Conclusion: The study found that screening for anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders and eating disorders contributes to preventing mood disorders among workers. We hope that our findings will indirectly contribute to preventing workers’ suicides.

scholarly journals Mental Disorders, Cognitive Impairment and the Risk of Suicide in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kułak-Bejda ◽  
Grzegorz Bejda ◽  
Napoleon Waszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Older People ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The World

More than 600 million people are aged 60 years and over are living in the world. The World Health Organization estimates that this number will double by 2025 to 2 billion older people. Suicide among people over the age of 60 is one of the most acute problems. The factors strongly associated with suicide are mentioned: physical illnesses, such as cancer, neurologic disorder, pain, liver disease, genital disorders, or rheumatoid disorders. Moreover, neurologic conditions, especially stroke, may affect decision-making processes, cognitive capacity, and language deficit. In addition to dementia, the most common mental disorders are mood and anxiety disorders. A common symptom of these disorders in the elderly is cognitive impairment. This study aimed to present the relationship between cognitive impairment due to dementia, mood disorders and anxiety, and an increased risk of suicide among older people. Dementia is a disease where the risk of suicide is significant. Many studies demonstrated that older adults with dementia had an increased risk of suicide death than those without dementia. Similar conclusions apply to prodromal dementia Depression is also a disease with a high risk of suicide. Many researchers found that a higher level of depression was associated with suicide attempts and suicide ideation. Bipolar disorder is the second entity in mood disorders with an increased risk of suicide among the elderly. Apart from suicidal thoughts, bipolar disorder is characterized by high mortality. In the group of anxiety disorders, the most significant risk of suicide occurs when depression is present. In turn, suicide thoughts are more common in social phobia than in other anxiety disorders. Suicide among the elderly is a serious public health problem. There is a positive correlation between mental disorders such as dementia, depression, bipolar disorder, or anxiety and the prevalence of suicide in the elderly. Therefore, the elderly should be comprehensively provided with psychiatric and psychological support.

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder and its Impact on Rates of Bipolar Disorder among Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-157
Author(s):  
Waleed A. Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Pediatric Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mood Dysregulation

Background: In 2013, Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) was introduced in the DSM-5 in part to curb the rapid rise in the rates of bipolar diagnosis among children and adolescents during the decade before the DSM-5 publication. DMDD proved to be a controversial diagnosis for many reasons. Objective: This brief review aims to provide an overview of the DMDD diagnosis and its origins and summarize available data on the impact of the introduction of the DMDD diagnosis on the rates of bipolar disorder among children and adolescents. Methods: Multiple scientific databases were searched using the related terms “DMDD”, “Disruptive Mood Dysregulation”, and “pediatric bipolar disorder” in combination with the terms “diagnosis” and “impact”. The retrieved articles were reviewed carefully. Results: The DMDD diagnosis rates have steadily increased since its introduction. Furthermore, available data show a decrease in the rates of bipolar disorder diagnosis among children and adolescents over the past few years. Conclusion: The very limited available data since 2013 show a decline in the diagnosis of bipolar disorder among children and adolescents. More time and further research are needed to more accurately determine the impact of the DMDD diagnosis on the rates of bipolar disorder in this population.

Mood Disorders

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan A Baloch ◽  
Jair C. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
History Of

Affective disorders are among the most common disorders in psychiatry. They are generally classified according to the persistence and extent of symptoms and by the polarity of these symptoms. The two poles of the affective spectrum are mania and depression. Bipolar disorder is characterized by the presence of the mania or hypomania and often depression. Unipolar depression is defined by depression in the absence of a lifetime history of mania or hypomania. These differences are not merely categorical but have important implications for the prognosis and treatment of these conditions. Bipolar disorder, for example, is better treated using mood-stabilizing medication, whereas unipolar depression responds optimally to antidepressant medications. In addition, prognostically, unipolar depression may sometimes be limited to one episode in a lifetime, whereas bipolar disorder is typically a lifelong condition. The course of both conditions, however, is often chronic, and frequently patients can present with unipolar depression only to later develop manic symptoms. A thorough understanding of both conditions is therefore required to treat patients presenting with affective symptomatology. This chapter discusses the epidemiology, etiology and genetics, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of unipolar depression and bipolar disorder. Figures illustrate gray matter differences with lithium use and the bipolar spectrum. Tables list the pharmacokinetics of commonly used antidepressants and medications commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. This review contains 2 figures, 2 tables, and 135 references.

scholarly journals Comparison of Sexual Experience and Behavior between Bipolar Outpatients and Outpatients without Mood Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Downey ◽  
Richard C. Friedman ◽  
Elizabeth Haase ◽  
David Goldenberg ◽  
Robinette Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Behavior

Sexual behavior over the past year of 32 outpatients with Bipolar disorder is compared to that of 44 Comparison patients that had never had an episode of affective illness. Subjects were outpatients treated with drugs and psychotherapy in routine office practice. Differences in sexual behavior between the two groups as a whole were minimal, but meaningful differences emerged when subgroups were compared. Compared to control men, Bipolar men had had more partners in the last year and were more likely to have had sex without condoms. Compared to Bipolar females, Bipolar males had more sex partners, had more sex with strangers, and were more likely to have engaged in homosexual behavior. Even so, some patients in the Comparison group also had engaged in risky sexual behavior. They had failed to use condoms and had had sex with strangers and prostitutes during the previous year.

Treatment of Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder with Combination Therapy of Valproate and Lithium

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verinmder Sharma ◽  
Emmanuel Persad ◽  
Dwight Mazmanian ◽  
Kolita Karunaratne
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Open Study ◽  
Rapid Cycling ◽  
Mixed States ◽  
Bipolar Illness ◽  
Moderate Improvement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Psychotropic Agents

Over the past two decades there has been a great deal of interest in the use of anticonvulsants to treat a variety of primary psychiatric disorders. Valproate, one such anticonvulsant, has been found to be effective in the treatment of acute mania, mixed states and rapid cycling disorders. This paper presents the results of an open study with combination therapy of valproate and lithium in a series of nine patients (mean age = 50 years). These patients had previously been treated with various psychotropic agents, including a combination of carbamazepine and lithium. All but one patient showed marked or moderate improvement in their condition. Of particular interest was the observation that in three patients there was evidence of augmentation between valproate and lithium during the depressed phase of their illness. There was significant improvement in their depression within 24 to 48 hours of the addition of lithium to valproate. The combination therapy was very well-tolerated. It is concluded that valproate and lithium combination therapy provides a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of rapid cycling variant of bipolar illness.

scholarly journals The relationship between creativity and mood disorders

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Optimal Sample ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
The Relationship

Research designed to examine the relationship between creativity and mental illnesses must confront multiple challenges. What is the optimal sample to study? How should creativity be defined? What is the most appropriate comparison group? Only a limited number of studies have examined highly creative individuals using personal interviews and a noncreative comparison group. The majority of these have examined writers. The preponderance of the evidence suggests that in these creative individuals the rate of mood disorder is high, and that both bipolar disorder and unipolar depression are quite common. Clinicians who treat creative individuals with mood disorders must also confront a variety of challenges, including the fear that treatment may diminish creativity. In the case of bipolar disorder, however, it is likely that reducing severe manic episodes may actually enhance creativity in many individuals.

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