Determinants of Stress and Effects on Performance in Part of Lebanese University Medical Residents During Fourth Quarter of 2019

Background and Objective: Medical residents face challenges that expose them to high risk of developing stress. Stress could reach burnout levels and become harmful to residents and patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of stress in current Lebanese University (LU) residents and assessing correlations with some risk factors and consequences. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 130 current LU residents who filled out a questionnaire concerning their demographic data, residency specialty and year, workload, special habits, depression, stress, and frequency of medical errors. Depression and stress scores were obtained using DASS-21 scale. Collected data was analyzed using ANOVA and chi- Square tests in SPSS to find descriptive statistics and correlations. Results: Out of the enrolled residents, 70% had stress ranging between mild and extreme severity. The mean age of the residents was 27.2 years. Females had higher stress than males and gender accounted for 14.1% of variance in stress among residents. Our results implied that internal medicine specialty imposes higher stress than surgery specialty with a significant difference of 4.04 points and working more than 50 hours per week which accounts for 7.6% of variance in stress. Residents had, on average, 4.38 hours of sleep per night and a negative association was found between sleep and stress. Depression was prevalent; 18.5% had severe depression, 3.1% had extremely severe depression, and stress was significantly correlated with it. Similarly, stress was associated with medical errors. No significant correlation was detected between age, marital status, parenting, and residency year, on call duties, or special habits and stress. Conclusion: Stress among medical residents is high due to the different challenges at the personal and occupational level. Stress should be managed especially that it could lead to harmful consequences on the resident’s health and patient’s safety.

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Factors contributing to intentional injuries in Iranian university students

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2017-0002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kobra Abedian Kasgary ◽

Zeinab Hamzehgardeshi ◽

Zohreh Shahhosseini

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Human Action ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intentional Injuries ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of ◽

And Gender ◽

The University

Abstract Background Intentional injuries refer to injuries resulting from purposeful human action, whether directed at oneself or others. This study was performed to assess intentional injuries in Iranian university students. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out with 430 female and male university in three higher education institutions located in the northern part of Iran in the year 2015. Samples were chosen through the stratified cluster random sampling method. They were requested to fill out the demographic data form and the Persian version of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis via the SPSS v.13 software. Findings Intentional injuries were more frequent in the male university students than female (p < 0.05). Also, 9.1% and 6.7% of the university students were physically injured or sexually assaulted by a boy/girl friend. No statistically significant difference was reported in dating violence between the male and female university students. The logistic regression test showed that the history of stealing money from parents without their permission, son’s preferences in the family and gender are the most important predisposing factors for the university students’ intentional injury. Conclusion It is suggested that health policy makers consider the role of family in programs that have been designed for improving the health of young people.

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Prevalence, pattern and distribution of MIH defects in Sudanese children

10.21203/rs.3.rs-43683/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hanna Elhassan Abdalla ◽

Amal Hussein Abuaffan ◽

Arthur Musakulu Kemoli

Keyword(s):

Demographic Data ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Statistical Significant Difference ◽

Tooth Structure ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Study Population

Abstract Background: Molar incisos hypomineralization (MIH) has serious impact on oral health-related quality of life for a child, due to its effects on tooth structure, aesthetics and behavior of the child. The current study was designed to determine the prevalence, pattern and distribution of MIH in school children in Sudan.Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study involving 568 children, aged 8-11 years from schools in Khartoum State. After collecting their socio-demographic data, the children were examined for hypomineralization on the 12 MIH indexed teeth, and assessed on the MIH pattern and distribution. The data collected were analyzed to obtain descriptive statstics, and the results related to the socio-demographic and other dental-related factors of the children using chi-square test and Spearman Rank Correlation, with the significant level set at p<0.05.Results: The prevalence of MIH in the study population was 20.1%. Majority of the affected teeth were permanent first molars (PFMs) (12.5%), but there was no statistical significant difference between the occurrence of hypomineralization on mandibular and maxillary molars (p=0.22). However, in the case of incisors, there was a statistical significant difference between the maxillary incisors that had higher hypomineralization rate when related to the mandibular incisors ( p=0.00). In terms of the pattern of hypomineralization, demarcated opacities were the commonest MIH defects (69.9%) in the study group.Conclusions: While the prevalence of MIH in the study population was 20.1%, both molars and incisor teeth were frequently affected in both dental arches, and the demarcated opacity type were the most frequent form of defect found in the teeth of the participants.

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Frequency of Thrombocytopenia in Neonatal Sepsis

10.53350/pjmhs2115103381 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 3381-3383

Author(s):

Naheem Ahmed ◽

Khawaja Tahir Aziz ◽

Rashada Bibi ◽

Munazza Nazir ◽

Sadaf Nawaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Hypertension ◽

Neonatal Thrombocytopenia ◽

The Mean ◽

And Gender

Objective: To determine the frequency of neonatal thrombocytopenia among patients presented with sepsis at tertiary care Hospital. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of pediatrics SKBZ/CMH Muzaffarabad, during six months from September 2018 to March 2019. All the diagnosed septic neonates, age < 28 days and either gender were included. Their basic demographic data like age and gender, along with their contact details were taken. The sample of blood was sent in blood culture bottles to hospital laboratory to confirm bacterial growth, that was diagnosed as sepsis. Blood sample was sent to the hospital also to diagnose thrombocytopenia. Reports were consulted by the pathologist. All the data were collected by a structured study proforma. All data were entered and analyzed with the help of SPSS version 22. Results: The mean age of patients was 8.92 ± 5.40 days with minimum and maximum age as 1 and 27 days. There were 117(47.56%) males and 129(52.44%) female cases. A total of 40(16.26%) cases had their maternal hypertension, 54(21.95%) neonates had gram + and 157(63.82%) neonates had Gram negative. A total of 63(25.61%) cases had thrombocytopenia while 183(74.39%) neonates were seen without thrombocytopenia. The frequency of thrombocytopenia was statistically insignificant according to gender and types of culture (p->0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that frequency of thrombocytopenia in neonatal sepsis was found in a quarter of the cases. In neonatal sepsis, thrombocytopenia must be ruled out at patient’s presentation and must be treated as early as possible as thrombocytopenia is an independent risk factor for sepsis-associated mortality. Keywords: Incidence, thrombocytopenia, neonatal sepsis

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Morphometric Study of Spleen in Iranian Cadavers from Razavi-Khorasan Province

Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin ◽

10.3329/bmrcb.v42i2.32000 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 61-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shabnam Mohammadi ◽

Arya Hedjazi ◽

Maryam Sajjadian ◽

Seyed Mohammad Mehdi Kebriaei ◽

Maliheh Dadgar Moghadam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Demographic Data ◽

Accessory Spleen ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Iranian Population ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Length Width ◽

The Mean

Anthropologic parameters of the spleen are important because many diseases present with reduction or enlargement of the spleen. No data exists about the standard dimensions of the normal spleen in Iranian population. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate anthropologic parameters of the spleen in Iranian cadavers. In 2014-2015, this cross sectional study was undertaken from the Razavi Khorasan Province of Iran. Iranian cadavers (n=693, 152 female/541 male) with no history of poisoning, drug or alcohol addiction, no gross abnormality and injury of the spleen were included in the study. The length, width and thickness of spleen were measured using a Vernier caliper. The mean values of the demographic data were age= 40.28 ± 20.97 years; weight = 63.68 ± 17.40 kg; height = 160.03 ± 28.45 cm and BMI = 25.03 ± 20.46 kg/m2. The mean values of the spleen length, width, thickness, notch, weight and index in the cadavers were 11.32 ± 3.10 cm, 8.05 ± 2.35 cm, 20.12 ± 9.21 mm, 0.84 ± 1.35, 123.87 ± 82.46 g, and 2.01 ± 1.40, respectively. Accessory spleen was found in five cadavers. The anthropologic parameters of the spleen showed significant difference between males and females except for index of the spleen. Having standard data on the spleen is useful for radiologists, surgeons, anatomists and anthropologists. The results of the study may provide valuable data in the standardization of the anthropologic parameters of the spleen in the Iranian population.

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Evaluation of the Level of Biosecurity Measures Adopted in Broiler Farms Based on Manure Bacterial Load Examination in Khartoum State, Sudan

European Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.24018/ejvetmed.2021.1.2.11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Mona Ahmed Babiker Ahmed ◽

Atif Elamin Abdelgadir ◽

Hayfa Mohammed Ismail

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Load ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public Road ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Manure Storage ◽

The Mean

This study was conducted to evaluate the level of adopted biosecurity measures in broiler farms based on manure bacterial load examination in Khartoum State, Sudan. To achieve the goal, a cross sectional study was conducted. Data and manure samples were collected from January to September 2018 from 12 close system broiler farms according to Non-probability Multistage Cluster Sampling Method in Khartoum, Khartoum North (Bahri), and Omdurman localities (4 for each). A standardized questionnaire was also conducted and used for data collection. A total of 12 manure samples were collected from one chosen broiler house in each farm to check the TVCs. All collected Data were subjected to descriptive and analytical statistic such as Chi square and ANOVA using SPSS. The Results of external biosecurity measures revealed that half of the total farms examined (50%) were at a distance between 500 m to 1km from the nearest poultry farm. The same percentage was obtained for no manure spreading from neighboring farms. However, frequent passage of other farms vehicles via near public road was reported in 50% of participating farms. The internal biosecurity results showed that all the examined farms (100%) prohibiting manure storage beside 75.0% of them remove the manure through the dirty area. Furthermore, workers protective wearing when contact waste and hygiene practicing after removing waste sometimes practiced by 75.0% of the participant farms. The mean of bacterial TVCs in manure samples was found below the cut-off level (6.01±0.78 cfu/g) with 95% confidence intervals of 4.48-7.37, 5.20-6.79, and 4.39-7.84 and mean TVC of 5.93±0.90, 6.00±0.50, and 6.11±1.08 cfu/g for Khartoum, Khartoum North, and Omdorman, respectively. No significant difference was obtained for log means of bacterial TVCs and farm location (F value=0.047 and P-value=0.955). In conclusion, despite that the bacterial counts in manure samples were below the cut-off level, poor hygienic practices were detected. Formulation of suitable procedures and regulations by official authorities for implementing biosecurity measures is recommended.

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Working conditions and anxiety levels of individuals who have to work during the COVID-19 pandemic

Work ◽

10.3233/wor-210643 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Ülfiye Çelikkalp ◽

Aylin Yalçin Irmak ◽

Galip Ekuklu

Keyword(s):

Working Conditions ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Tendency ◽

The Social ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Anxiety Levels ◽

And Gender

BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate the anxiety levels of employees by determining the working conditions and protective practices in the workplace of individuals who had to work during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was carried out with 801 employees from different sectors who continued to work during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: The mean age of the employees was 33.1±10.3 years, and 63.4%were male while 46.1%were workers. The GAD-7 anxiety level mean score of the participants was determined as 6.6±5.1. Per this, 25.2%of the participants showed a high tendency to anxiety and 38.5%showed a moderate tendency. A statistically significant difference was found between anxiety level and gender, sector and profession. Besides, there was a statistically significant difference between the perception of workplace risk, the way of transportation to the workplace, the social distance in the workplace, measures taken for COVID-19 in the workplace, and anxiety levels (p < 0.05). In the multiple regression analysis, age, gender, work sector, COVID-19 anxiety levels, infection status, knowledge level and life satisfaction levels were determined as effective predictors on common anxiety disorder and explained 23.2%of the developed model variance (R2 = 0.232, p≤0.001). CONCLUSION: During the pandemic, it was determined that the anxiety susceptibility levels of the employees were very high and their protective practices against COVID-19 in the workplace were insufficient.

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Obesitas dan hubungannya dengan polimorfisme gena promoter 5-HT2A, tekanan darah, profil lipid, kadar glukosa, dan malondialdehid

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia ◽

10.22146/ijcn.17772 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

Pramudji Hastuti ◽

Nur Anisah ◽

Johan Iswara Siagian ◽

Kautsar Prastudia Eko Binuko ◽

Aidil Adhla

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Lipid Profiles ◽

Obese Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Or Gene ◽

And Gender

Background: Obesity among adults has risen significantly in the world-cutting across all ages, racial and ethnic groups and gender. The 5-HT 2A receptor is crucially involved in regulation of body weight and the appetite. Disturbances in the distribution and or gene regulation of the postsynaptic 5-HT2A receptor are implicated in the pathophysiology of conditions such as obesity, coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, stroke dan some cancers.Objective: To test the association between obesity with polymorphism of promoter -1438G→A 5-HT2A receptors gene, blood pressure, lipid profiles, levels of blood glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA).Method: This cross-sectional study included thirty six unrelated obese young people (BMI ≥ 30) recruited from populations in Yogyakarta and 36 controls with age matched with BMI ≤ 25. Statistical differences between blood pressure, lipid profiles, glucose and MDA levels were assessed by t-test and genotypes by Chi square test.Results: There were no significant difference in blood pressure lipid profile, level of glucose and MDA in obese group compared with control (p>0,05). Allele A and G frequency in obese group 25% and 75% respectively, and controls 22.2% and 77.8% respectively, and no significant difference in all two groups, but G allele had higher risk to obese than A allele.Conclusion: These data indicated G allele was mild risk factor for obesity.

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Temporomandibular joint disorders and Gender differences among habitants of Karachi

Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College ◽

10.51985/jbumdc2018042 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 08 (02) ◽

pp. 103-108

Author(s):

Kiran Fatima Mehboob Ali Bana ◽

Umair Aslam ◽

Arsalan Khalid ◽

Wahab Buksh Kadri

Keyword(s):

Female Gender ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ◽

P Value ◽

Common Symptom ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tooth Grinding ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Gender

Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TMDs among the sample of Karachi and to observe the most frequent TMJ sound in this population. Methodology: It was a cross sectional study conducted from Sep 2017 to Nov 2017. Three hundred patients were selected through cluster sample technique from the public/private dental institutes and private dental clinics of Karachi. The data was collected with the help of questionnaire and intraoral examination was performed by the researchers. All those patients with complain of TMDs and between 20-75 years were included in this study. The frequency and association between gender and TMDs were assessed through the application of Chi square. Results: There were more males (n=162, 54%) and (n=138, 46%) females in this study. Majority of participants fall under the age group of 20-30 years of age. Most common TMDs symptom among male was pain during mastication (n=104, 64%) and most common symptoms among female was pain on neck/cervical area which was (n=92, 66%). Headache and earache was the least common symptom among both genders and p-value was 0.003 and 0.024 respectively. Clicking was the most common TMJ sound found among both genders, in male it was (n=58, 35.8%) and in female it was (n=48, 34.7%) followed by crepitation. Regarding parafunctional habits; majority of females (n=95, 68.8%) were in habit of clenching than male (n=60, 37%) and p-value was 0.0001 followed by tooth grinding which was also found mostly in female (n=64, 46.3%) then male (n=10, 6.1%) and p-value was 0.0001. Regarding the risk factors of TMDs; while examination majority of females were found with disturbed articulation,(n= 37,26.8%) and in male it was (n=10, 6.1%), significance difference was found between both genders and p-value was 0.0001. Stress was found to be most common risk factor and aggravating factor of TMDs among both genders. Missing teeth were found in both gender; (n=100, 61.7%) male and (n=71, 51.4%) female and calculated p-value was 0.047. Conclusion: It was inferred from this study that greater prevalence of TMDs was mostly found in female gender. The statistically significant difference was found among stress as an aggravating factor of TMDs and gender. Clicking was the most prevalent TMJ sound and clenching was the most frequently observed parafunctional habit among both gender, followed by tooth grinding and statistically significant difference found among both gender.

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INFLUENCIA DEL ESTILO DE VIDA EN EL ESTADO DE SALUD DE LOS ADULTOS MAYORES.

Enfermería Investiga Investigación Vinculación Docencia y Gestión ◽

10.31243/ei.uta.v5i4.966.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 18

Author(s):

Erika Toapaxi ◽

Yeisy Guarate ◽

Nadihezka Cusme

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Demographic Data ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Self Medication ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Introducción: El estilo de vida es aquella elección consciente o inconsciente de practicar ciertos comportamientos que se van adquiriendo con el paso del tiempo y que en ocasiones son difíciles de modificar, influyendo principalmente en la salud. Objetivo: Analizar el estilo de vida y su influencia en el estado de salud de los adultos mayores del Sector la Unión, Provincia de Cotopaxi, Ecuador. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, correlacional, transversal, con una muestra censal de 35 adultos mayores, se aplicó el instrumento fantástico y el cuestionario Salud SF-12, ambos instrumentos válidos y confiables. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados a través del software estadístico PSPP, por medio del cálculo de la distribución numérica, porcentual y la prueba de Chi Cuadrado, con significancia estadística (p<0.05). Resultados: En los datos demográficos predominan el sexo en 63%, 71% son indígenas, el 44% con edad entre 60-70 años, en los adultos mayores predominó el estilo de vida bueno con una diferencia significativa p<0,05 en relación al estilo de vida fantástico y regular, en la alimentación la mayoría consume dietas hiposódicas y bajas en grasas, mantienen un peso adecuado, automedicación ocasional y 43% presenta dolor corporal que dificulta un poco sus labores. Conclusiones: La población mantiene un estilo de vida adecuado, sin embargo, se evidenció debilidades que se deben fortalecer con actividades educativas de promoción de salud como el poco consumo frutas y verduras, hábitos cafeicos frecuentes. Palabras clave: adulto mayor, estilo de vida, hábitos saludables, alimentación. ABSTRACT Introduction: The lifestyle is that conscious or unconscious choice to practice certain behaviors that are acquired over time and that are sometimes difficult to modify, mainly influencing health. Objective: To analyze the lifestyle and its influence on the health status of the elderly in the Sector La Unión, Province of Cotopaxi, Ecuador. Methods: Quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional study, with a census sample of 35 older adults, the fantastic instrument and the SF-12 Health questionnaire were applied, both valid and reliable instruments. The data obtained were processed through the PSPP statistical software, through the calculation of the numerical distribution, percentage and the Chi Square test, with statistical significance (p <0.05). Results: In the demographic data, sex predominates in 63%, 71% are indigenous, 44% aged between 60-70 years, in older adults the good lifestyle predominated with a significant difference p <0.05 in relation to a fantastic and regular lifestyle, most of them consume low-sodium and low-fat diets, maintain an adequate weight, occasional self-medication and 43% have body pain that makes their work a little difficult. Conclusions: The population maintains an adequate lifestyle, however, weaknesses were evidenced that should be strengthened with educational activities to promote health such as low consumption of fruits and vegetables, frequent coffee habits. Keywords: elderly, lifestyle, healthy habits, eating

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Evaluation of the Frequency Distribution of Oral Biopsies in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd During 2010-2019

International journal of epidemiologic research ◽

10.34172/ijer.2021.21 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 109-114

Author(s):

Zahra Roustaeizade Shooroki ◽

Sara Zare

Keyword(s):

Frequency Distribution ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Body ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Lip ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Gender Type

Background and aims: Oral mucosa is prone to various lesions. Some of these lesions can be early signs of a particular disease or even malignancy in the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency distribution of oral biopsies from 2009 to 2019. Methods: In this analytical descriptive cross-sectional study, 621 records of the oral cavity biopsies performed in the pathology department of Shahid Sadoughi hospital were analyzed. Age, gender, type of lesion, site of lesion, histopathological diagnosis, year of referral, and medical specialist who performed the biopsy were included in the study checklist. The data were analyzed using chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis test in SPSS version 25.0. Results: Of 621 biopsies, 308 specimens belonged to men (49.6%) and 313 specimens belonged to women (50.4%). The mean age of patients was 46.58±21.08 years, ranging from 6 months to 95 years. The most affected areas were the tongue (33%), lower lip (29.1%) and cheeks (17.7%). squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (27.9%), inflammatory lesions (26.1%), mucocele (14.8%), and ulcers (8.5%) were the most frequent lesions. There was a significant difference in the age of individuals with different lesions (P<0.001). Conclusion: The most frequent lesion diagnosed in biopsies was SCC. The most frequently affected sites were tongue and cheek. Lesions were more frequent in women and were most frequently seen in the fourth, fifth, and sixth decades of life.

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