scholarly journals Changeability of Oral Cavity Environment

2007 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 014-017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Surdacka ◽  
Krystyna Strzykała ◽  
Anna Rydzewska
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Dental Fillings ◽  
Gingival Bleeding ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Environment Parameters ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Baseline Examination

ABSTRACTObjectives: In dentistry, the results of in vivo studies on drugs, dental fillings or prostheses are routinely evaluated based on selected oral cavity environment parameters at specific time points. Such evaluation may be confounded by ongoing changes in the oral cavity environment induced by diet, drug use, stress and other factors. The study aimed to confirm oral cavity environment changeability.Methods: 24 healthy individuals aged 20–30 had their oral cavity environment prepared by having professional hygiene procedures performed and caries lesions filled. Baseline examination and the examination two years afterwards, evaluated clinical and laboratory parameters of oral cavity environment. Caries incidence was determined based on DMFT and DMFS values, oral cavity hygiene on Plaque Index (acc. Silness & Löe) and Hygiene Index (acc. O`Leary), and the gingival status on Gingival Index (acc. Löe & Silness) and Gingival Bleeding Index (acc. Ainamo & Bay). Saliva osmolarity, pH and concentrations of Ca2+, Pi, Na+, Cl-, total protein, albumins, F- and Sr2+ were determined.Results: The results confirmed ongoing changeability of the oral cavity environment. After 2 years of the study reduction in oral cavity hygiene parameters PLI and HI (P<0.1), and gingival indices as well as lower saliva concentration of Ca2+ (P<.001), Pi (P<.06), K+ (P<.04), Sr2+ (P<.03), Na+ (P<.1), against the baseline values, were observed. Total protein and albumin saliva concentrations were also significantly lower.Conclusion: Physiological oral cavity environment is subject to constant, individually different, changes which should be considered when analysing studies that employ oral cavity environment parameters. (Eur J Dent 2007;1:14-17)

scholarly journals Melatonin: A Novel Indolamine in Oral Health and Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Chava ◽  
K. Sirisha
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Systemic Level ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Anti Oxidant

This paper attempts to summarise the findings accumulated within the last few years concerning the hormone of darkness “melatonin.” Based on its origin, from the pineal gland until recently it was portrayed exclusively as a hormone. Due to its lipophilic nature, it is accessible to every cell. Thus, in the classic sense it is a cell protector rather than a hormone. Recent studies, by Claustrat et al. (2005), detected few extrapineal sources of melatonin like retina, gastrointestinal tract, and salivary glands. Due to these sources, research by Cutando et al. (2007), is trying to explore the implications of melatonin in the oral cavity, in addition to its physiologic anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory and oncostatic functions at systemic level that may be receptor dependent or independent. Recently, certain in vivo studies by Shimozuma et al. (2011), detected the secretion of melatonin from salivary glands further emphasising its local activity. Thus, within our confines the effects of melatonin in the mouth are reviewed, adding a note on therapeutic potentials of melatonin both systemically and orally.

Dexmedetomidine Attenuates the Microcirculatory Derangements Evoked by Experimental Sepsis

2015 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos L. Miranda ◽  
Michelle M. Balarini ◽  
Eliete Bouskela
Keyword(s):  
Blood Gases ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Sepsis Syndrome ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Experimental Sepsis ◽  
Leukocyte Rolling ◽  
Capillary Perfusion ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Baseline Values

Abstract Background: Dexmedetomidine, an α-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, has already been used in septic patients although few studies have examined its effects on microcirculatory dysfunction, which may play an important role in perpetuating sepsis syndrome. Therefore, the authors have designed a controlled experimental study to characterize the microcirculatory effects of dexmedetomidine in an endotoxemia rodent model that allows in vivo studies of microcirculation. Methods: After skinfold chamber implantation, 49 golden Syrian hamsters were randomly allocated in five groups: (1) control animals; (2) nonendotoxemic animals treated with saline; (3) nonendotoxemic animals treated with dexmedetomidine (5.0 μg kg−1 h−1); (4) endotoxemic (lipopolysaccharide 1.0 mg/kg) animals treated with saline; and (5) endotoxemic animals treated with dexmedetomidine. Intravital microscopy of skinfold chamber preparations allowed quantitative analysis of microvascular variables and venular leukocyte rolling and adhesion. Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gases, and lactate concentrations were also documented. Results: Lipopolysaccharide administration increased leukocyte rolling and adhesion and decreased capillary perfusion. Dexmedetomidine significantly attenuated these responses: compared with endotoxemic animals treated with saline, those treated with dexmedetomidine had less leukocyte rolling (11.8 ± 7.2% vs. 24.3 ± 15.0%; P &lt; 0.05) and adhesion (237 ± 185 vs. 510 ± 363; P &lt; 0.05) and greater functional capillary density (57.4 ± 11.2% of baseline values vs. 45.9 ± 11.2%; P &lt; 0.05) and erythrocyte velocity (68.7 ± 17.6% of baseline values vs. 54.4 ± 14.8%; P &lt; 0.05) at the end of the experiment. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced leukocyte–endothelial interactions in the hamster skinfold chamber microcirculation. This was accompanied by a significant attenuation of capillary perfusion deficits, suggesting that dexmedetomidine yields beneficial effects on endotoxemic animals’ microcirculation.

scholarly journals CURCUMIN IN ORAL MUCOSAL LESIONS: AN UPDATE

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
Arpita Rai ◽  
Ansul Kumar ◽  
Shamimul Hasan ◽  
Shazina Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Fissure Sealant ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
Oral Mucosal Lesions ◽  
Mucosal Lesions ◽  
Google Search

The phytopharmaceutical curcumin - the Indian golden spice has been widely researched for its pharmaceutical properties. It exhibits a big promise as a therapeutic agent due to its properties such as antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic activity, anticarcinogenic activity, chemopreventive, chemotherapeutic activity, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal and is currently in human trials for a variety of conditions. The applications of curcumin in dentistry include its use as pit and fissure sealant, dental plaque detection system, subgingival irrigant, and intracanal medicament. The aim of the present paper is to review the current literature for the use of curcumin in oral mucosal lesions. A thorough review of the existing literature encompassing PubMed, Ovid, Embase, and Google scholar was made using the keywords curcumin, turmeric, oral, mucosal, oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), oral lichen planus (OLP), aphthous, recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), leukoplakia, mucositis, reverse smoking, tobacco-associated lesions, and premalignant. No filters in relation to language or publication year were used and only in vivo studies on humans were selected. Reference lists of retrieved journal articles were searched for publications missed during the primary search. Finally, the Google search engine was used to do a comprehensive search of the World Wide Web to ensure completeness of the search. The review of the literature revealed evidence of the use of curcumin in tobacco-associated conditions of the oral cavity-OSMF, oral leukoplakia, oral lesions associated with reverse smoking and ulcerative conditions of the oral cavity- OLP, RAS, and oral mucositis has been studied. Curcumin provides the basis for a simple, safe, acceptable, and cost-effective intervention for oral mucosal disorders.

scholarly journals Study of Microbial Interaction Formed by "Candida krusei" and "Candida glabrata": "In Vitro" and "In Vivo" Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodnei Dennis Rossoni ◽  
Patrícia Pimentel de Barros ◽  
Fernanda Freire ◽  
Jéssica Diane dos Santos ◽  
Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Xtt Assay ◽  
Microtiter Plates ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients

Abstract Recently, the non-albicans Candida species have become recognized as an important source of infection and oral colonization by association of different species in a large number of immunosuppressed patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interactions between C. krusei and C. glabrata in biofilms formed in vitro and their ability to colonize the oral cavity of mouse model. Monospecies and mixed biofilms were developed of each strain, on 96-well microtiter plates for 48 h. These biofilms were analyzed by counting colony-forming units (CFU/mL) and by determining cell viability, using the XTT hydroxide colorimetric assay. For the in vivo study, twenty-four mice received topical applications of monospecie or mixed suspensions of each strain. After 48 h, yeasts were recovered from the mice and quantified by CFU/mL count. In the biofilm assays, the results for the CFU/mL count and the XTT assay showed that the two species studied were capable of forming high levels of in vitro monospecie biofilm. In mixed biofilm, the CFU of C. krusei increased (p=0.0001) and C. glabrata decreased (p=0.0001). The metabolic activity observed in XTT assay of mixed biofilm was significantly reduced compared with a single C. glabrata biofilm (p=0.0001). Agreeing with CFU in vitro count, C. glabrata CFU/mL values recovered from oral cavity of mice were statistically higher in the group with single infection (p=0.0001) than the group with mixed infection. We concluded that C. krusei inhibits C. glabrata and takes advantage to colonize the oral cavity and to form biofilms.

scholarly journals In vivo and in vitro studies of a cetylamine fluoride mouthrinse: evaluation of a device used for in vitro experiments

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-244
Author(s):  
Sílvia Magaly Sasso CARVALHO ◽  
Ana Cristina M. POLIZELLO ◽  
Denise Pimenta da Silva LEITÃO ◽  
Augusto César Cropanese SPADARO
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Prevention And Therapy

A mouthrinse containing cetylamine fluoride (230 ppm in fluoride) was prepared for in vitro studies of fluoride clearance and adsorption by enamel and/or hydroxyapatite using a device that simulates the oral cavity. In vivo studies of fluoride clearance from this mouthrinse were conducted and compared with other fluoride sources. The amount of fluoride adsorbed to tooth blocks or powdered hydroxyapatite, both treated with this cetylamine fluoride mouthrinse once or twice a day, was determined. The results of these studies showed that it is possible to prepare a mouthrinse with cetylamine fluoride for alternative use by patients for the prevention and therapy of dental caries.

scholarly journals Therapeutics Effects of Oral Cavity Derived Stem Cells on the Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Emel Uzunoglu-Ozyurek ◽  
◽  
Gizem Önal ◽  
Serap Dökmeci ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Moderate Evidence ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Published data obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies was reviewed systematically and analyzed critically in order to evaluate the effect of oral cavity derived stem cells (OCDSCs) on the recovery/therapy of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s (AD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Huntington’s (HD) and Parkinson’s (PD). Methods: An electronic search was accomplished. References of included articles were also searched manually. Studies were critically evaluated for suitability against inclusion/exclusion criteria and data was extracted. Bias risk evaluation of the studies and evidence synthesis were conducted. Results: Fourteen in vivo and 10 in vitro studies met inclusion criteria. PD was induced in 10 in vivo and 7 in vitro studies, while AD was induced in 2 in vivo and 4 in vitro studies. Two studies (1 in vitro and 1 in vivo) evaluated ALS disease and 1 in vivo study evaluated HD. Moderate evidence was found for in vitro studies reporting positive effect of OCDSCs on either PD or AD recovery. Strong evidence was found for in vivo studies in which PD animal models were used; while moderate evidence was found for the impact of OCDSCs on the recovery of the AD. Limited evidence was found for in vivo studies evaluating HD and ALS. Conclusion: Although studies included reported favorable data regarding the OCDSCs on NDs, they presented considerable risk of bias. Because of heterogenous study characteristics, current study recommends the improvement of standardized methods to evaluate the therapeutics effects of OCDSCs on the NDs.

scholarly journals Morphological, Functional and Biochemical Characterization of Canine Gingival Fibroblasts

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Bonvicino Pelegrini ◽  
Luciana Prado Maia ◽  
Sérgio Luís Scombatti de Souza ◽  
Mário Taba Jr ◽  
Daniela Bazan Palioto
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Gingival Fibroblasts

As dogs are good models for in vivo studies, it is interesting to evaluate the behavior of canine gingival fibroblasts (CGF) in vitro, so that these cells could be seeded on a matrix and later studied in vivo. The aim of this study was to perform a morphological, functional and biochemical analysis of CGF, comparing it with human gingival fibroblasts (HGF), as well as to evaluate the change of their characteristics over several passages. Using gingival fibroblasts from 3 dogs and 3 humans in the subculture (Sub), first (P1), third (P3), fifth (P5) and seventh (P7) passages, the following parameters were assessed: cell morphology, spreading, adhesion, viability and total protein content. The results showed no major differences between the passages in terms of morphology and spreading, and a tendency of greater adhesion and viability for HGF when compared with CGF. The total protein content was significantly higher for HGF. HGF exhibited greater functional and biochemical activity in vitro compared to CGF. Higher numbers at Sub were observed for both CGF and HGF in all evaluated parameters. The differences do not prevent the use of CGF for tissue engineering, but its use seems to be more appropriate in the subculture or first passage.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial efficacy of Colgate Plax Cool Mint® mouthwash – in vivo studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Jolanta Szymanska ◽  
Ewa Olejnik ◽  
Anna Biernasiuk ◽  
Anna Malm
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Oral Microflora ◽  
Plaque Development ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Hygienic procedures in oral cavity, both teeth brushing and using mouthwashes, have an influence on the composition and quantity of oral microflora. The aim of the work was to evaluate the impact of regular use of selected mouthwash on the titer of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus bacteria and Candida yeast-like fungi in the saliva. The evaluation of the influence of Colgate Plax Cool Mint® mouthwash on the number of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus bacteria and Candida yeast-like fungi in the saliva was done. The research included 39 persons at the age of 17±3 months, out of whom 30 people constituted a study group using mouthwash and 9 people – a control group not using mouthwash. The persons from the study group used the mouthwash twice a day for 2–3 minutes for the period of 5 months. The material for the microbiological tests constituted 2 ml of saliva collected three times from the participants: at the beginning of the research – before the use of a mouthwash and respectively, after 2.5 and 5 months from the first test. Colgate Plax Cool Mint®, the most frequently used by the youth in their daily oral hygiene and used in the present study mouthwash, showed effectiveness in reduction of Lactobacillus spp. and S. mutans bacteria, as well as C. albicans yeasts in the saliva of the studied persons, what is undoubtedly connected with inhibition of formation and prevention of oral plaque development.

scholarly journals In vivo studies on the biochemical indices of Plasmodium berghei infected mice treated with Alstonia boonei leaf and root extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1698-709
Author(s):  
Grace C Onyishi ◽  
Godwin C Nwosu ◽  
Joseph E Eyo
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Background: A study on the biochemical indices of albino mice infected with Plasmodium berghei and treated with Alstonia boonei aqueous and ethanolic extracts was undertaken. Methods: 216 males mice were randomly assigned to six treatment groups each containing six mice for both aqueous and ethanolic extracts experiments. P. berghei NK-65 was inoculated into the mice intraperitoneally and establishment of infection confirmed. Administration of extracts of was done after phytochemical and acute toxicity tests at varying concentrations, for both suppressive and curative tests. Blood samples collected by ocular puncturing were examined for the biochemical indices; ALT, AST, ALP, creatinine and total protein using the standard procedures. Results: A. boonei extracts suppression of P. berghei in mice was comparable to the standard drug. Significantly higher (p<0.05) recovery of mice treated with A. boonei extracts was observed. The biochemical indices examined all had signif- icantly (p<0.05) increased concentration after 7 days post-infection, except for total protein concentration which had no significant increase or decrease due to A. boonei extracts administration. Conclusion: The antiplasmodial potentials of A. boonei leaf and root extracts were dosage and duration-dependent, and have demonstrated satisfactory normalization of altered biochemical indices due to malaria. Keywords: In vivo; anti-malaria; Alstonia boonei; biochemical; Plasmodium berghei; mice.

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