Antimicrobial efficacy of Colgate Plax Cool Mint® mouthwash – in vivo studies

Abstract Hygienic procedures in oral cavity, both teeth brushing and using mouthwashes, have an influence on the composition and quantity of oral microflora. The aim of the work was to evaluate the impact of regular use of selected mouthwash on the titer of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus bacteria and Candida yeast-like fungi in the saliva. The evaluation of the influence of Colgate Plax Cool Mint® mouthwash on the number of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus bacteria and Candida yeast-like fungi in the saliva was done. The research included 39 persons at the age of 17±3 months, out of whom 30 people constituted a study group using mouthwash and 9 people – a control group not using mouthwash. The persons from the study group used the mouthwash twice a day for 2–3 minutes for the period of 5 months. The material for the microbiological tests constituted 2 ml of saliva collected three times from the participants: at the beginning of the research – before the use of a mouthwash and respectively, after 2.5 and 5 months from the first test. Colgate Plax Cool Mint®, the most frequently used by the youth in their daily oral hygiene and used in the present study mouthwash, showed effectiveness in reduction of Lactobacillus spp. and S. mutans bacteria, as well as C. albicans yeasts in the saliva of the studied persons, what is undoubtedly connected with inhibition of formation and prevention of oral plaque development.

Download Full-text

Wpływ nadwagi i otyłości na stan zdrowia jamy ustnej dzieci i młodzieży

Nowa Stomatologia ◽

10.25121/ns.2019.24.3.108 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Katarzyna Deszczyńska ◽

Paweł Piątkiewicz ◽

Renata Górska

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Weight ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Obese Children ◽

Periodontal Health

Introduction. Improper eating habits among children and adolescents often lead to overweight and obesity. Research indicates that these are risk factors for many diseases, including diseases in the oral cavity. Aim. To analyse the correlations of selected parameters of dental and periodontal health as well as oral hygiene status in overweight and obese children and adolescents versus control group. Material and methods. The study included 120 patients aged 11-18 years, who were classified into a study group with 60 overweight/obese individuals and a control group of 60 individuals with normal body weight based on BMI (Body Mass Index). Each patient underwent anthropometric measurements, such as height (cm), body weight (kg), which were used to calculate BMI (Body Mass Index). Additional measurements were taken of waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC), to obtain the waist-hip ratio (WHR). Clinical examination of the oral cavity included an assessment of dentition (DMF), oral hygiene API (Approximal Plaque Index) and periodontal tissue (PD – Pocket Depth, CAL – Clinical Attachment Level, %BOP – % Bleeding On Probing) and CPITN (The Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Needs). Results. Statistically significant differences were found between patient groups with BMI ≥ 25 and BMI < 25 in the values of the following parameters: DMF p = 0.005, API p < 0.001, %BOP p < 0.001, PD p < 0.001, CPI p < 0.001. Conclusions. Overweight and obese children were found to have have worse parameters of dental and periodontal health as well as oral hygiene status compared to the group with normal weight. Our observations indicate that overweight and obesity may be potential risk factors for periodontal diseases in the study group.

Download Full-text

The state of the oral microflora in patients with systemic sclerosis

Modern Rheumatology Journal ◽

10.14412/1996-7012-2021-5-39-43 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 39-43

Author(s):

M. S. Yesayan ◽

E. I. Selifanova ◽

E. G. Margaryan ◽

T. V. Beketova

Keyword(s):

Systemic Sclerosis ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Control Group ◽

Quantitative Composition ◽

Normal Microflora ◽

Oral Microflora ◽

Dmft Index ◽

High Level

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) can lead to pathological changes in the maxillofacial region, contributing to the violation of the microbiocenosis of the oral cavity with a predominance of pathogenic microflora.Objective: to study the composition of the oral microflora in patients with SSc. Patients and methods. The composition of the oral microflora was studied in 50 patients with SSc. The control group consisted of 50 subjects without rheumatic diseases. To assess the intensity of dental caries and the level of oral hygiene we used dental indices: the index of caries intensity (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) and the hygienic index (OHI-S).Results and discussion. Microbiological examination in patients with SSc revealed pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans > 10-6 CFU in equal percentage of cases (18.9%), which was significantly more frequent than in the control group (p=0.049). In the oral cavity in SSc, there were no representatives of normal microflora (lactobacilli). In patients with SSc, the DMFT index was 17.8±7.1 on average, and OHI-S – 2.3±0.7, which corresponds to a very high level of caries intensity and low indicators of oral hygiene, respectively. When analyzing the microflora of the oral cavity in 90% of cases, a dysbiotic shift of the 3rd degree was stated.Conclusion. It can hypothesized that the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microflora of the oral cavity affects the development and severity of inflammatory and destructive pathology of the periodontal and oral mucosa. It is necessary to develop and implement an adapted personal hygiene regimen, including cleansing of the tongue and administration of local probiotics, which, as part of complex therapy, can improve the results of SSc treatment.

Download Full-text

The effects of overweight and obesity on oral health status in children and adolescents

New Medicine ◽

10.25121/newmed.2019.23.3.86 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Katarzyna Deszczyńska ◽

Paweł Piątkiewicz ◽

Renata Górska

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Weight ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Obese Children ◽

Periodontal Health

Introduction. Improper eating habits among children and adolescents often lead to overweight and obesity. Research indicates that these are risk factors for many diseases, including diseases in the oral cavity. Aim. To analyse the correlations of selected parameters of dental and periodontal health as well as oral hygiene status in overweight and obese children and adolescents versus control group. Material and methods. The study included 120 patients aged 11-18 years, who were classified into a study group with 60 overweight/obese individuals and a control group of 60 individuals with normal body weight based on BMI (Body Mass Index). Each patient underwent anthropometric measurements, such as height (cm), body weight (kg), which were used to calculate BMI. Additional measurements were taken of waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC), to obtain the waist-hip ratio (WHR). Clinical examination of the oral cavity included an assessment of dentition (DMF), oral hygiene API (Approximal Plaque Index) and periodontal tissue (PD ? Pocket Depth, CAL ? Clinical Attachment Level, %BOP ? % Bleeding On Probing) and CPITN (The Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Needs). Results. Statistically significant differences were found between patient groups with BMI ≥ 25 and BMI < 25 in the values of the following parameters: DMF p = 0.005, API p < 0.001, %BOP p < 0.001, PD p < 0.001, CPI p < 0.001. Conclusions. Overweight and obese children were found to have worse parameters of dental and periodontal health as well as oral hygiene status compared to the group with normal weight. Our observations indicate that overweight and obesity may be potential risk factors for periodontal diseases in the study group.

Download Full-text

Therapeutics Effects of Oral Cavity Derived Stem Cells on the Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review

Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal ◽

10.32598/bcn.2021.2892.1 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-29

Author(s):

Emel Uzunoglu-Ozyurek ◽

◽

Gizem Önal ◽

Serap Dökmeci ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

In Vitro Studies ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Published Data ◽

Moderate Evidence ◽

The Impact

Objective: Published data obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies was reviewed systematically and analyzed critically in order to evaluate the effect of oral cavity derived stem cells (OCDSCs) on the recovery/therapy of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s (AD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Huntington’s (HD) and Parkinson’s (PD). Methods: An electronic search was accomplished. References of included articles were also searched manually. Studies were critically evaluated for suitability against inclusion/exclusion criteria and data was extracted. Bias risk evaluation of the studies and evidence synthesis were conducted. Results: Fourteen in vivo and 10 in vitro studies met inclusion criteria. PD was induced in 10 in vivo and 7 in vitro studies, while AD was induced in 2 in vivo and 4 in vitro studies. Two studies (1 in vitro and 1 in vivo) evaluated ALS disease and 1 in vivo study evaluated HD. Moderate evidence was found for in vitro studies reporting positive effect of OCDSCs on either PD or AD recovery. Strong evidence was found for in vivo studies in which PD animal models were used; while moderate evidence was found for the impact of OCDSCs on the recovery of the AD. Limited evidence was found for in vivo studies evaluating HD and ALS. Conclusion: Although studies included reported favorable data regarding the OCDSCs on NDs, they presented considerable risk of bias. Because of heterogenous study characteristics, current study recommends the improvement of standardized methods to evaluate the therapeutics effects of OCDSCs on the NDs.

Download Full-text

Surveying adherence of dental clinic patients to preventive measures in oral cavity

Periodontology ◽

10.33925/1683-3759-2019-24-2-167-172 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 167-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. V. Kudryavtseva ◽

V. V. Tachalov ◽

E. S. Loboda ◽

L. Yu. Orekhova ◽

E. Yu. Nechai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Working Conditions ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Dental Health ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Dental Clinic ◽

The Many ◽

The Impact

Relevance. Periodontal diseases are a medical and social problem due to the wide spread among the population of developed countries and the impact on the quality of life. Among the many factors that are important in the development of inﬂammatory periodontal diseases, an important role is played by adherence to the recommendations of the dentist in respecting oral hygiene. Aim of the work was to study the adherence of patients of the dental clinic to compliance with preventive measures in the oral cavity.Materials and methods. A total of 98 patients of dental clinic, 62 female (medial age 38,6 ± 14,0 years) and 36 male (medial age 37,2±13,1 years) participated in survey. The study participants flled in the profle and answered questions about age, gender, harmful working conditions and bad habits, frequency of visits to the dental clinic, attitudes to the prevention of dental diseases, knowledge about the means and methods of oral hygiene.Results. As a result of the study, it was found that in the vast majority of cases, respondents are employed in production that does not adversely aﬀect their health (91%), only 8% of patients indicated harmful working conditions.Conclusions. The study revealed that, despite the recommendations of the dentist, patients are not always committed to the implementation of preventive measures in the oral cavity. Dentists need to motivate patients to use not only the usual methods and means of hygiene, but also additional ones necessary for maintaining dental health.

Download Full-text

Optimizing Manufacturing and Osseointegration of Ti6Al4V Implants through Precision Casting and Calcium and Phosphorus Ion Implantation? In Vivo Results of a Large-Scale Animal Trial

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13071670 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1670 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wölfle-Roos JV ◽

Katmer Amet B ◽

Fiedler J ◽

Michels H ◽

Kappelt G ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ion Implantation ◽

Large Scale ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Control Group ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Precision Casting ◽

Pull Out ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Calcium And Phosphorus

Background: Uncemented implants are still associated with several major challenges, especially with regard to their manufacturing and their osseointegration. In this study, a novel manufacturing technique—an optimized form of precision casting—and a novel surface modification to promote osseointegration—calcium and phosphorus ion implantation into the implant surface—were tested in vivo. Methods: Cylindrical Ti6Al4V implants were inserted bilaterally into the tibia of 110 rats. We compared two generations of cast Ti6Al4V implants (CAST 1st GEN, n = 22, and CAST 2nd GEN, n = 22) as well as cast 2nd GEN Ti6Al4V implants with calcium (CAST + CA, n = 22) and phosphorus (CAST + P, n = 22) ion implantation to standard machined Ti6Al4V implants (control, n = 22). After 4 and 12 weeks, maximal pull-out force and bone-to-implant contact rate (BIC) were measured and compared between all five groups. Results: There was no significant difference between all five groups after 4 weeks or 12 weeks with regard to pull-out force (p > 0.05, Kruskal Wallis test). Histomorphometric analysis showed no significant difference of BIC after 4 weeks (p > 0.05, Kruskal–Wallis test), whereas there was a trend towards a higher BIC in the CAST + P group (54.8% ± 15.2%), especially compared to the control group (38.6% ± 12.8%) after 12 weeks (p = 0.053, Kruskal–Wallis test). Conclusion: In this study, we found no indication of inferiority of Ti6Al4V implants cast with the optimized centrifugal precision casting technique of the second generation compared to standard Ti6Al4V implants. As the employed manufacturing process holds considerable economic potential, mainly due to a significantly decreased material demand per implant by casting near net-shape instead of milling away most of the starting ingot, its application in manufacturing uncemented implants seems promising. However, no significant advantages of calcium or phosphorus ion implantation could be observed in this study. Due to the promising results of ion implantation in previous in vitro and in vivo studies, further in vivo studies with different ion implantation conditions should be considered.

Download Full-text

Trends in Managing Cardiac and Orthopaedic Device-Associated Infections by Using Therapeutic Biomaterials

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13101556 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1556

Author(s):

Stefania Scialla ◽

Giorgia Martuscelli ◽

Francesco Nappi ◽

Sanjeet Singh Avtaar Singh ◽

Adelaide Iervolino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Medicine ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

Active Surface ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Implanted Medical Devices ◽

Hospital Acquired ◽

Systemic Antibiotics ◽

The Impact

Over the years, there has been an increasing number of cardiac and orthopaedic implanted medical devices, which has caused an increased incidence of device-associated infections. The surfaces of these indwelling devices are preferred sites for the development of biofilms that are potentially lethal for patients. Device-related infections form a large proportion of hospital-acquired infections and have a bearing on both morbidity and mortality. Treatment of these infections is limited to the use of systemic antibiotics with invasive revision surgeries, which had implications on healthcare burdens. The purpose of this review is to describe the main causes that lead to the onset of infection, highlighting both the biological and clinical pathophysiology. Both passive and active surface treatments have been used in the field of biomaterials to reduce the impact of these infections. This includes the use of antimicrobial peptides and ionic liquids in the preventive treatment of antibiotic-resistant biofilms. Thus far, multiple in vivo studies have shown efficacious effects against the antibiotic-resistant biofilm. However, this has yet to materialize in clinical medicine.

Download Full-text

How Did Prenatal Education Impact Women’s Perception of Pregnancy and Postnatal Life in a Romanian Population

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57060581 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 581

Author(s):

Anca Maria Balasoiu ◽

Octavian Gabriel Olaru ◽

Romina Marina Sima ◽

Liana Ples

Keyword(s):

Prenatal Care ◽

Newborn Care ◽

Control Group ◽

Postnatal Life ◽

Study Group ◽

Prenatal Education ◽

Questionnaire Online ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

The Impact ◽

Official Information

Background and Objectives: Prenatal education represents an important part of maternal prenatal care in Western countries. In Romania, prenatal education is of recent interest but there is no official information about prenatal courses and their impact on prenatal care and patients in Romania. Material and methods: A prospective study based on the STROBE statement was designed in order to assess the prenatal education delivered in our unit. The study group included women who gave birth at Bucur Maternity, “Saint. John” Hospital, Bucharest, Romania and attended the prenatal courses, compared with a control group (women who gave birth in our unit but did not attend the prenatal lecture). Patients’ perception about the impact of prenatal education was collected by applying a questionnaire. Results: The analysis included 89 women who fulfilled the questionnaire online. In our study, 62 women (69.7%) attended the prenatal education classes and represented the study group while 27 women (30.3%) constituted the control group. Women who attended the prenatal lecture recognized the utility of the topic regarding newborn care (90.3%), while women from the control group did not consider it useful (n = 55.6%), χ2 = 18.412, p < 0.001. Patients from the study group admitted the importance of the topics (93.5%) from the lectures about breast feeding, while the percentage of these women from the control group is significantly lower (55.6%) χ2 = 27.867, p < 0.001. Conclusions: The benefits of prenatal education were recognized by women who attended the prenatal lecture, while women who did not participate underestimated the utility of the topics. Further actions are required to inform mothers about the necessity of antenatal education.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Effectiveness of a Toothpaste Containing Tea Tree Oil and Ethanolic Extract of Propolis on the Improvement of Oral Health in Patients Using Removable Partial Dentures

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26134071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (13) ◽

pp. 4071

Author(s):

Karolina Wiatrak ◽

Tadeusz Morawiec ◽

Rafał Rój ◽

Patryk Kownacki ◽

Aleksandra Nitecka-Buchta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Control Group ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Study Group ◽

Tea Tree Oil ◽

Tea Tree ◽

Ethanolic Extract Of Propolis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of toothpaste containing natural tea tree essential oil (TTO) and ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP), on microflora and selected indicators of oral health in patients using removable acrylic partial dentures. Fifty patients with varying conditions of hygiene were divided into two groups. The study group received the toothpaste with TTO and EEP, while the control group received the same toothpaste but without TTO and EEP. At the first visit, oral hygiene and hygiene of the prostheses were carried out. Control visits took place 7 and 28 days later and compared to baseline. Indexes like API (Approximal Plaque Index), mSBI (modified Sulcus Bleeding Index), OHI-s (simplified Oral Hygiene Index), and DPI (Denture Plaque Index) were assessed in three subsequent stages, and swabs were collected from floor of the mouth area to assess the microbiota. After 7 and 28 days of using the toothpaste with TTO and EEP, a statistically significant decrease of the examined indicator values were observed in the study group as compared to the values upon the initial visit. The number of isolated strains of microorganisms in the study group was decreased or maintained at the same level, whereas in the control group an increase in the number of isolated strains was observed. The observed stabilization of oral microbiota in patients from the study group confirms the beneficial activity of toothpaste containing EEP and TTO compared to the control group.

Download Full-text

Effect of Synchronous Versus Sequential Regimens on the Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of Regorafenib with Irradiation

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13030386 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 386

Author(s):

Tung-Hu Tsai ◽

Yu-Jen Chen ◽

Li-Ying Wang ◽

Chen-Hsi Hsieh

Keyword(s):

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Hep G2 ◽

Time Curve ◽

Dose Dependent

This study was performed to evaluate the interaction between conventional or high-dose radiotherapy (RT) and the pharmacokinetics (PK) of regorafenib in concurrent or sequential regimens for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Concurrent and sequential in vitro and in vivo studies of irradiation and regorafenib were designed. The interactions of RT and regorafenib in vitro were examined in the human hepatoma Huh-7, HA22T and Hep G2 cell lines. The RT–PK phenomenon and biodistribution of regorafenib under RT were confirmed in a free-moving rat model. Regorafenib inhibited the viability of Huh-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Apoptosis in Huh-7 cells was enhanced by RT followed by regorafenib treatment. In the concurrent regimen, RT decreased the area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC)regorafenib by 74% (p = 0.001) in the RT2 Gy × 3 fraction (f’x) group and by 69% (p = 0.001) in the RT9 Gy × 3 f’x group. The AUCregorafenib was increased by 182.8% (p = 0.011) in the sequential RT2Gy × 1 f’x group and by 213.2% (p = 0.016) in the sequential RT9Gy × 1 f’x group. Both concurrent regimens, RT2Gy × 3 f’x and RT9Gy × 3 f’x, clearly decreased the biodistribution of regorafenib in the heart, liver, lung, spleen and kidneys, compared to the control (regorafenib × 3 d) group. The concurrent regimens, both RT2Gy × 3 f’x and RT9Gy × 3 f’x, significantly decreased the biodistribution of regorafenib, compared with the control group. The PK of regorafenib can be modulated both by off-target irradiation and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

Download Full-text