scholarly journals Cephalometric Evaluation of Vertical Dimension of Occlusion in Varying Malocclusions

2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 081-086
Author(s):  
Isha Aggarwal ◽  
Anindita Mallik ◽  
Sanjay Mittal ◽  
Mandeep Bhullar ◽  
Divya Singla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Vertical Dimension ◽  
Class I ◽  
Facial Esthetics ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
The Face ◽  
Occlusal Vertical Dimension ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Introduction The aim of modern cephalometrics is to evaluate the relationship of skeletal and dental functional units of the face and to implement treatment to establish the position of the units horizontally and vertically. Establishing a correct occlusal vertical dimension is considered one of the most important aspects of facial esthetics for patients in need of orthodontic treatment. Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the vertical dimension of occlusion in varying dental malocclusions in Solan population. Materials and Methods The sample consisted of pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 100 patients (50 Class I and 50 Class II div 1), aged 15 to 30 years; six angular and one linear parameters were measured to determine the vertical dimension of occlusion. Results All the parameters (Frankfort-mandibular plane angle [FMA], Occl/Frankfort horizontal plane [FHA], angle of Y-axis, Occl/SN, GoGn/SN, and ANS-Me) were found to be decreased in Class I than in Class II div 1 malocclusion except (ANS-Xi-Pm). All the parameters were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) when compared between groups. When cephalometric norms of the present study were compared with Moroccan population, all parameters (ANS-Xi-Ptm, FMA, Occl/FH, Occl/SN, GoGn/SN, and ANS-Me) were found to be decreased in Solan population except angle of Y-axis. All the parameters were clinically significant (p < 0.05) except ANS-Xi-Pm and FMA that were found to be clinically nonsignificant (p > 0.05). Conclusion Solan population has distinct cephalometric characteristics, which should be used as the reference in future orthodontic treatments.

scholarly journals Correlation between Dentoalveolar Heights and Vertical Skeletal Patterns in Class I Malocclusion in Ethnic Javanese

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gusti Aju Wahju Ardani ◽  
Ike Sesaria Pratiknjo ◽  
Irwadi Djaharu’ddin
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Class I ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Anterior Nasal Spine ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test ◽  
The Face ◽  
Orthodontic Patients

Abstract Objectives Vertical proportions of the face are important determining factors for diagnosis and planning appropriate orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic patients have different vertical and sagittal skeletal discrepancies, as well as associated varying degrees of dentoalveolar compensations. Dentoalveolar is a functional component of the jaw; it plays a role in occlusal dynamics and forms sagittal and vertical maxilla–mandibula relationships. This study aims to analyze the relationship between dentoalveolar heights and several vertical skeletal patterns in patients with Class I malocclusion in ethnic Javanese. Materials and Methods The sample consisted of lateral cephalograms of 75 patients (18 samples were male, and 57 were female). Determined by inclusion and exclusion criteria, the participants were selected from an initial sample of 196 patients with skeletal Class I malocclusion (sella–nasion–A and B [ANB] = 1–4 degrees). Cephalometric analysis was performed using OrthoVision2017 digital software. This analysis measured upper anterior dental height (UADH), upper posterior dental height (UPDH), lower anterior dental height (LADH), lower posterior dental height (LPDH), ANB angle, sella–nasion and mandibular plane (SN-MP), sella–nasion and palatal plane (SN-PP), palatal plane and mandibular plane (PP-MP), Frankfort horizontal plane and mandibular plane (FH-MP), sella to gonion (S-Go), articulare to gonion (Ar-Go), nasion to menton (N-Me), nasion to anterior nasal spine (N-ANS), and anterior nasal spine to menton (ANS-Me). Pearson correlation test was used to assess correlations among all variables (p < 0.05). Results Significant correlations were observed between dentoalveolar heights and SN-MP, S-Go, Ar-Go, N-Me, and ANS-Me (p < 0.05). Conclusions Patients with Class I malocclusion in ethnic Javanese exhibit a significant correlation between dentoalveolar and vertical skeletal patterns. UPDH and/or LPDH have a significantly positive correlation with SN-MP, S-Go, Ar-Go, N-Me, and ANS-Me. The orthodontic correction of the decreased or increased facial height included either the extrusion or intrusion of the anterior or posterior teeth in different ways.

The Retroclined Upper Incisor

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. T. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Vertical Dimension ◽  
Class I ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Division 2

In the interest of further clarification of the interaction of the multiple causative factors of upper incisor retroclination, the development of Class II Division 2 occlusion is contrasted to that of Class I. The patients whose records were used had not received orthodontic treatment. It was found that upper incisor retroclination in Class II Division 2 occurred after their emergence into the oral cavity. The effect is attributed to the upper incisors being able to erupt well within the cover of the lower lip through a combination of circumstances related to the proportional balance of the patient's facial structures in the vertical dimension. The lower lip would guide the upper incisors into retroclined positions, only if the latter were unobstructed by digit, tongue or other teeth of either arch. This implied not only a critical balance in size and relationship of the facial structures in the vertical dimension but also equally critical balances in the antero-posterior and lateral dimensions, without which the lower lip factor alone would be ineffective.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Craniofacial Characteristics between Two Different Adult Populations with Class II Malocclusion—A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Arvind Sivakumar ◽  
Prasad Nalabothu ◽  
Huyen Nguyen Thanh ◽  
Gregory S. Antonarakis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
The South ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Craniofacial Characteristics

The dental, skeletal, and soft-tissue characteristics of a particular malocclusion can differ based on ethnicity, race, age, sex and geographical location with Class II malocclusion being one of the most prevalent malocclusions encountered in orthodontic clinical practice. The broad understanding of the characteristics of vertical skeletal and dental parameters in patients with Class II malocclusion can help clinicians to identify patterns and variations in the expression of this phenotype for better treatment outcomes. Hence, we compared the craniofacial characteristics of skeletal and dental Class II malocclusion traits from Indian and Vietnamese individuals to analyze the vertical skeletal and dental patterns in both population groups. The sample comprised of lateral cephalograms from 100 young adults with Class II malocclusion, of which fifty (25 males and 25 females) were from South India and the other 50 age- and sex-matched adults from Vietnam. The lateral cephalometric radiographs were digitized into anonymous image files and were traced and assessed for 16 vertical skeletal and dental parameters. The ANB angle was greater in males (+1.4 deg; p < 0.001) and females (+1.9 deg; p < 0.001) in the South Indian population. The Vietnamese males had a larger mandibular plane angle, articular angle, anterior facial height and lower anterior facial height compared to the Indian males. The Vietnamese females had larger mandibular plane and articular angles compared to the Indian females. The skeletal class II malocclusion was more severe in the South Indian compared to the Vietnamese adults. The Vietnamese sample showed a generalized tendency towards a more vertical skeletal growth pattern and in males this pattern seemed to be due to the dentoalveolar component. The Vietnamese females showed a tendency towards a vertical growth pattern, but without apparent contribution by the dentoalveolar component.

scholarly journals Comparison between Steiner cephalometric and modified Andrews photometric method for assessing antero-posterior position of the maxillary central incisors.

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 670-675
Author(s):  
Predrag Vucinic ◽  
Djordje Petrovic ◽  
Stojan Ivic ◽  
Sanja Vujkov
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Line ◽  
Photometric Method ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Tooth Position ◽  
Facial Esthetics ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Posterior Position

Introduction/Objective. Maxillary incisors, when exposed during smile, are one of the most important facial features. In an attempt to overcome limitations of standard cephalometric methods, Andrews described an approach to determine ideal anteroposterior (AP) position of maxillary central incisors in smiling profile in relation to the forehead. We compared traditional Steiner cephalometric method, using surrounding skeletal landmarks, to the method proposed by Andrews, with the aim of determining whether distant but very noticeable craniofacial structures can affect our impression of tooth position. Methods. The study comprised 90 randomly selected lateral cephalograms, divided into three groups according to maxillary central incisors AP position according to Steiner cephalometric norms. The AP relationship of the maxillary central incisors was measured as a perpendicular distance from facial axis point to the nasion A line and to the vertical line through forehead facial axis point respectively. Student?s t-test and Pearson?s correlation were used to compare tested variables. Results. There was statistically significant difference between two methods (p = 0.01108). According to the Steiner method 46.67% subjects had retrusive incisors and 53.33% subjects had protrusion. Andrews?s method showed different results; 35.56% subjects had retrusion, while 64.4% had protrusion. Conclusion. The method proposed by Andrews showed consistently more protrusion than the traditional cephalometric method according to Steiner. Slightly retruded position of maxillary central incisors according to Steiner analysis does not always imply poor facial esthetics, if they have favorable position to the forehead. Low levels of correlation indicate that we should never rely on just one set of parameters.

Dental and skeletal effects after total arch distalization using modified C-palatal plate on hypo- and hyperdivergent Class II malocclusions in adolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Yoon Jung ◽  
Jae Hyun Park ◽  
Ja Hyeong Ku ◽  
Nam-Ki Lee ◽  
Yoonji Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Palatal Plate ◽  
Skeletal Effects ◽  
Facial Types

ABSTRACT Objectives To compare the dental and skeletal treatment effects after total arch distalization using modified C-palatal plates (MCPPs) on adolescent patients with hypo- and hyperdivergent Class II malocclusion. Materials and Methods The study group included 40 patients with Class II malocclusion (18 boys and 22 girls, mean age = 12.2 ± 1.4 years) treated with MCPPs. Fixed orthodontic treatment started with the distalizing process in both groups. Participants were divided into hypo- or hyperdivergent groups based on their pretreatment Frankfort mandibular plane angle (FMA) ≤22° or ≥28°, respectively. Pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms were digitized, and 23 variables were measured and compared for both groups using paired and independent t-tests. Results The hyper- and hypodivergent groups showed 2.7 mm and 4.3 mm of first molar crown distalizing movement, respectively (P &lt; .001). The hypodivergent group had a slight 2.2° crown distal tipping of first molars compared with 0.3° in the hyperdivergent group. After distalization, the FMA increased 3.1° and 0.3°, in the hypodivergent and hyperdivergent groups, respectively (P &lt; .001). SNA decreased in the hypodivergent group, while other skeletal variables presented no statistically significant differences in the changes between the groups. Conclusions The hypodivergent group showed more distal and tipping movement of the maxillary first molar and increased FMA than the hyperdivergent group. Therefore, clinicians must consider vertical facial types when distalizing molars using MCPPs in Class II nonextraction treatment.

scholarly journals Mandibular symphysis morphology and dimensions in different anteroposterior jaw relationships

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan N. Al-Khateeb ◽  
Emad F. Al Maaitah ◽  
Elham S. Abu Alhaija ◽  
Serene A. Badran
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Mandibular Symphysis ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the morphology and dimensions of mandibular symphysis (MS) in different anteroposterior jaw relationships and to investigate whether craniofacial parameters have any correlation with its shape and/or dimensions. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalograms of subjects with Class I, Class II, and Class III skeletal relationships were traced. Several craniofacial and MS parameters were measured. MS parameters were compared between the three groups using analysis of variance and were correlated with the craniofacial parameters using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Larger angle of concavity of the chin, more inclination of the alveolar bone toward the mandibular plane, and larger MS dimensions and area (P &lt; .001) were found with a Class III skeletal relationship compared to Class I and Class II relationships. The Pearson correlation coefficient between Id-Me and AFH was r  =  0.83 and between Id-Me and LAFH it was r  =  0.81. Conclusions: The dimensions and configuration of MS in the Class III relationship were different than those in Class I and Class II relationships; the alveolar part of MS compensated for the skeletal relationship in the Class III pattern. MS dimensions were strongly correlated to anterior facial dimensions.

scholarly journals Upper Airway Dimensions in Class II Malocclusion

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1046-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirja Kirjavainen ◽  
Turkka Kirjavainen
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Upper Airway Structure ◽  
Class Ii Division 1

Abstract Objective: To study the effects of cervical headgear treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion on upper airway structures in children. Materials and Methods: Forty children aged 9.1 (7.2–11.5) years with Class II division 1 malocclusion were treated using a cervical headgear as the only treatment appliance. The headgear consisted of a long outer bow bent 15° upward and a large inner bow expanded 10 mm larger than the intermolar distance. Lateral cephalograms were taken before and after the treatment. Upper airway structures were estimated from the cephalograms. The results were compared to cross-sectional data of 80 age-matched controls with a Class I molar relationship. Results: A Class I molar relationship was achieved in all treated children. The mean treatment time was 1.6 (0.3–3.1) years. The Class II malocclusion was accompanied by a similar or wider nasopharyngeal space than in the controls but narrower oro- and hypopharyngeal spaces. The retropalatal area was widened by the treatment (P &lt; .05), whereas the rest of the oropharynx and hypopharynx remained narrower than in the controls. Before the treatment, the mandibular plane was in a more horizontal position than in the controls, but during the treatment, it rotated to a position similar to that of the controls. Conclusion: Class II division 1 malocclusion is associated with a narrower upper airway structure even without retrognathia. Headgear treatment is associated with an increase in the retropalatal airway space.

scholarly journals A New Geometric Intersection Point (Ms) to Determine the Spatial Position of Maxillary Sinus

2013 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Sarabjeet Singh ◽  
Mukti Gautam ◽  
Rita Kashyap ◽  
Gurinderpal Sandhu ◽  
Divya Singla
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Intersection Point ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
Class I ◽  
P Value ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Anterior Cranial Base ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms

Abstract Introduction: Cephalometeric landmark detection, is a knowledge intensive activity to identify on standardized lateral x-rays of the skull, to perform measurements needed for medical diagnosis, treatment planning and evaluation. For computation of analysis of steps and for determination of underlying structures, provided landmarks should be correctly localized. Due to the complexity of human anatomy sensed in a cephalometric x-ray, the landmarks are localized and constructed. Maxillary sinus has an important role to play in the formation of facial contours. Objective: Our aim is to check the validity of new geometric intersection point Ms, evaluating cephalometerically the spatial position of maxillary sinus and to find any correlation between the spatial position of maxillary sinus and sagittal dysplasias. Study design: A single-institution prospective analysis. Subjects and methods: A total of 20 lateral cephalograms were used, of both sexes, ranging in age from 18-25 years. These radiographs were from subjects, classified into class I and class II on the bases of ANB and Ao-Bo. Maxillary sinus was carefully analyzed and measured in linear dimensions of length and width and its spatial position was calculated by using a new geometric intersection point Ms, created by the intersection of the linear measurements, in relation to the anterior cranial base. The spatial position of maxillary sinus was calculated from the position of the intersection point Ms. The length and height of maxillary sinus was measured and compared in both the groups. Results: The mean of maxillary sinus length (MSL) and height (MSH) was 43.2 ± SD 3.2mm and 41.2 ± SD 3.8mm, respectively for classI (p value=0.595) and 44.2 ± SD 4.9mm and 43.0 ± SD 3.4mm, respectively for class II (p value=0.283). The intersection point Ms depicting centre of maxillary sinus from x-axis (Ms-Msx) was same for both the groups. Mean for Ms-Msy, was 37.3 ± SD 5.7 for class I and 37.8 ± SD 1.9 for class II (p value=0.796). No statistical significance was found among the results in both the groups. Conclusion: The length and height of maxillary sinus was calculated and the centre of maxillary sinus was calculated by the intersection of the two. This new point can contribute in calculating the spatial position of sinus and be an effective measure to study the convexity and concavity of the midface. In the present study, the length and height of the sinus did not alter with the increased or decreased ANB and Ao-Bo. There was no significant spatial position change of maxillary sinus with variation in ANB and Ao-Bo (sagittal). Regarding vertical parameters, Ms may have significant correlation with the various malocclusions.

scholarly journals Analysis of Interarch Tooth Size Relationship in Nepalese Subjects with Normal Occlusion and Malocclusions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar Mishra ◽  
Dashrath Kafle ◽  
Rahul Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Study Groups ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio

Introduction. A proportional relationship between the maxillary and mandibular teeth size is required for achieving good finish with proper overjet and overbite postorthodontic treatment. The aims and objectives of this study were to determine the anterior and overall Bolton’s ratio in Nepalese population, to compare Bolton’s ratio between subjects with normal occlusion, Class I malocclusion, and Class II malocclusion, to compare these results with Bolton’s norm, and to determine the frequency of clinically significant (beyond 2 SD) tooth size discrepancy compared to Bolton’s norm. Materials and Methods. The study models of the subjects with normal occlusion and Angle’s Class I malocclusion and Class II malocclusion and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were retrieved from department archives. An electronic digital caliper was used to measure mesiodistal tooth size of the maxillary and mandibular teeth anterior to the second molars. The study sample of 120 study models consisted of the normal occlusion group (n = 31), Class I malocclusion group (n = 47), and Class II malocclusion group (n = 42). These measurements were then used to obtain Bolton’s ratio in three groups of subjects. Bolton’s ratio of study groups was compared with each other and with Bolton’s original ratio. Results. The differences in tooth size ratio of the study groups were not significant statistically, when the groups were compared on the basis of malocclusion or gender. Statistically significant differences were exclusively observed between the study groups and Bolton’s original sample for the anterior ratio. The frequency of the clinically significant tooth size ratio discrepancy was lower for the overall ratio (9.1%) compared to the anterior ratio (22.5%). Conclusions. Bolton’s analysis on the Nepalese population sample shows that there was no significant difference observed on the anterior and overall tooth size ratios when these were compared based on Angle’s malocclusion classes or gender. The clinically significant anterior tooth size discrepancy was more prevalent than that of the overall ratio.

scholarly journals Differences in Pharyngeal Characteristics According to Angle Class of Malocclusion

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Diamantidou ◽  
N. Topouzelis ◽  
S. Sidiropoulou-Hadjigianni ◽  
N. Gkantidis
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
Pre Treatment

SUMMARYObjectives: To investigate potential differences in the pharynx, the soft palate, the pharyngeal tonsil, and the tongue between patients with different Angle Classes of malocclusion.Study Design: Pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of 116 normal breathing individuals aged between 9 and 12 years were analyzed. 20 linear and 4 angular measurements, as well as 5 variables concerning the surface area of the pharynx and the soft palate were evaluated.Results: The angle formed by the palatal plane and the base of the skull had lower values in Class II groups. The soft palate height was smaller in Class II, div. 1 group. The angle between the soft and hard palates was smaller in Class III, followed by Class I, Class II, div. 2, and Class II, div. 1, with increasing values. The distance of the tongue from the palatal plane was larger in Class I and Class III groups. The surface area of the oropharynx was larger in Class III than in Class II groups. The total surface area of the pharynx had higher values in Class III than in Class II/1.Conclusion: Subjects with Class II malocclusion may be more prone to develop respiratory related disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea, followed by Class I and Class III subjects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document