Marginal Discrepancy of Single Implant-Supported Metal Copings Fabricated by Various CAD/CAM and Conventional Techniques Using Different Materials

Abstract Objective Framework patterns can be formed using various materials such as wax, acrylic resin, or composite. Frameworks can be fabricated using either conventional or computerized techniques, using additive or subtractive method. This study aimed to compare the marginal adaptation of metal copings fabricated by two computerized technologies (milling and rapid prototyping) and additive conventional methods using different materials. Materials and Methods Seventy-two fixture analogs were mounted vertically in acrylic resin. One-piece abutments with 5.5 mm in length and 6 degrees of convergence were secured into the analogs. The experimental frameworks were fabricated using either subtractive CAD/CAM milling (by wax, soft or hard metal), additive rapid prototyping (by wax), or conventional pattern fabrication (by wax [control] or acrylic resin). Wax and acrylic resin patterns were casted in Ni-Cr alloy. Marginal discrepancy was measured in 12 points by video measuring machine. Statistical Analysis One-way ANOVA and posthoc tests were used to detect any significant difference among the groups at α= 0.05. Results There was a statistically significant difference among the marginal discrepancy of six groups (p = 0.018). The Tukey test indicated a significant difference between CAD/milling of soft metal and conventional wax pattern groups (p = 0.011); a significant difference was also reported between CAD/milling of wax patterns and control group (p = 0.046). Conclusions Frameworks fabricated by conventional wax-up showed the largest marginal gaps, while the marginal gap created by frameworks made of soft metal CAD/milling were the smallest. In addition, frameworks fabricated by rapid prototyping showed clinically acceptable adaptations.

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Effect of Digital Technologies on the Marginal Accuracy of Conventional and Cantilever Co–Cr Posterior-Fixed Partial Dentures Frameworks

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11072988 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 2988

Author(s):

Celia Tobar ◽

Verónica Rodríguez ◽

Carlos Lopez-Suarez ◽

Jesús Peláez ◽

Jorge Cortés-Bretón Brinckmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Digital Technologies ◽

Hard Metal ◽

Direct Metal Laser Sintering ◽

Cobalt Chromium ◽

Metal Ceramic ◽

Marginal Discrepancy ◽

Soft Metal ◽

Manufacturing Techniques ◽

Ceramic Restorations ◽

To Receive

The introduction of new digital technologies represents an important advance to fabricate metal–ceramic restorations. However, few studies have evaluated the influence of these technologies on the fit of the restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different manufacturing techniques and pontic design on the vertical marginal fit of cobalt–-chromium (Co–Cr) posterior fixed partial dentures (FPDs) frameworks. Methods: Eighty stainless-steel dies were prepared to receive 3-unit FPDs frameworks with intermediate pontic (n = 40) and cantilever pontic (n = 40). Within each design, the specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 each) depending on the manufacturing technique: casting (CM), direct metal laser sintering (LS), soft metal milling (SM), and hard metal milling (HM). The frameworks were luted, and the vertical marginal discrepancy was assessed. Data analysis was made using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests (α = 0.05). Results: The vertical marginal discrepancy values of all FPDs were below 50 μm. The HM frameworks obtained the lowest misfit values in both designs. However, no differences were found among intermediate pontic groups or cantilevered groups. Likewise, when differences in a marginal discrepancy between both framework designs were analyzed, no differences were observed. Conclusions: The analyzed digital technologies demonstrated high precision of fit on Co–Cr frameworks and on both pontic designs.

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Evaluation of Polishing Systems for CAD/CAM Polymer-Infiltrated Ceramic-Network Restorations

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/20-006-l ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

CA Jurado ◽

A Tsujimoto ◽

H Watanabe ◽

NG Fischer ◽

JA Hasslen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Computer Aided Design ◽

Dental Students ◽

Faculty Members ◽

Dental School ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Computer Aided ◽

Cad Cam ◽

A Company

SUMMARY Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of five different polishing systems on a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network restoration with nanoscale assessment using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and visual assessment performed by dental school senior students and faculty members. Method: Forty-eight full coverage crowns were milled out of polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network CAD/CAM blocks (Vita Enamic) for polishing with one company proprietary, two ceramic and two composite polishing systems. The prepared crowns were divided into six groups: (1) no polishing (control); (2) polishing with Vita Enamic Polishing Kit (VEna); (3) polishing with Shofu Porcelain Laminate Polishing Kit (SCer); (4) polishing with Brasseler Dialite Feather lite All- Ceramic Adjusting & Polishing System (BCer); (5) polishing with Shofu Composite Polishing Kit (SCom); and (6) polishing with Brasseler Composite Polishing Kit (BCom). The polished crown surface topography was observed, and surface roughness and area were measured with AFM. In addition, polished crowns were visually assessed by 15 senior dental students and 15 dental school faculty members. Results: All polishing treatments significantly reduced the surface roughness and area of the crown compared with the control. SCom and BCom showed significantly higher surface area than VEna, and the SCer and BCer groups were intermediate, showing no significant difference from either VEna or SCom and BCom. There were no significant differences in surface roughness between any of the systems. Dental students and faculty members classified the groups polished with VEna, SCer, and BCer groups as clinically acceptable, and they selected BCer group as the best polished restorations and the control group as the least polished restorations. Conclusions: Ceramic and composite polishing systems produced similar polishing results as that observed using a company proprietary polishing system. However, effectiveness for polishing using a company proprietary and ceramic polishing system tends to be higher than composite polishing systems.

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IMMERSION OF HEAT POLYMERIZED ACRYLIC RESIN DENTAL BASE IN ARAK BALI AGAINST SURFACE ROUGHNESS

Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) ◽

10.46862/interdental.v17i1.2140 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 22-26

Author(s):

Kadek Ayu Wirayuni ◽

◽

I Made Hendri Dwi Saputra ◽

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Acrylic Resin ◽

Control Group ◽

Surface Strength ◽

Denture Base ◽

A Value ◽

Removable Denture ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

Oral Tissue

Introduction: The denture base is the part of the removable denture that is supported by good adaptation to the underlying oral tissue. Most of the denture bases are made of acrylic or polymethyl methacrylate resin, better known as PMMA. However, the acrylic resin also has disadvantages such as easily broken and absorbs liquids both water and chemicals. The chemical absorption like alcohol, ethanol, and some drinks that contain acidic materials will chemically be induced with acrylic resin and settle in the pores of the acrylic resin. The chemical damage or defect creates roughness on the surface of the acrylic resin which can cause cracking or crazing and a decrease in surface strength and hardness. Materials and Methods: The method used in this research was a laboratory experimental design with a post-test-only control group using 12 samples consisting of 2 different types of samples by measuring the surface roughness of the acrylic resin after immersing the sample with a predetermined time. Results and Discussions: One-way ANOVA test results showed a significant difference in surface roughness after the samples immersion with a value of p = 0.006 (p <0.05). Conclusions: Based on this research, can be concluded that there is an increase in the surface roughness of the heated polymerized acrylic resin for 3 hours and 4 hours of immersion. The longer the heated polymerized acrylic resin is soaked in arak hence the level of surface roughness increases.

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Evaluation of color change in acrylic and bisacrylic resin resins in different solutions

Journal of Research in Dentistry ◽

10.19177/jrd.v5e4201776-84 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

Mone Laiz Bortoli ◽

Cristina Von Appen ◽

Camila Longoni ◽

Carmen Beatriz Borges Fortes ◽

Jefferson Tomio Sanada

Keyword(s):

Color Change ◽

Color Stability ◽

Acrylic Resin ◽

Color Variation ◽

Color Reading ◽

Control Group ◽

Color Changes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Prosthesis Material ◽

Chlorhexidine Solution

Aim: This work aimed to evaluate the color stability of an acrylic resin chemically activated (ARCA) using different handling techniques, and a bisacrylic resin when exposed to different pigmentation solutions.Material and Methods: Silicon matrixes were confectioned (10x10x3mm) to be used as specimens. The groups were designed as follows: Group Pot, Group Brush, Group Manufacturer and Group Bisacrylic (n=18). Each group was exposed to three different pigmentation solutions: distilled water, coke and chlorhexidine digluconate 0.12%. Three readings were performed for each specimen using a spectrophotometer, and the evaluations were carried out in three different time. After the color reading, three averages and the standard deviation of variation were performed after 24 hours (T1), 7 days (T2) and 14 days (T3). Data were submitted to the ANOVA and 2 criteria and Tukey (P<0.05) in the statistical software SSPS 18 for Macintosh (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA).Results: When compared the solutions in each group of material, there was no statistically significant difference, except for T3, where the group Dencor Brush and Bisacrylic demonstrated higher color variation in all the solutions, even in the control group, and the values in Chlorhexidine higher than the other, showing greater instability after 14 days.Conclusions: With the results, bisacrylic resin used as provisory prosthesis material presents greater color instability than the ARCA, when submitted to different solutions. Bisacrylic resin and Dencor Brush present significantly visible color changes in chlorhexidine solution after 14 days. All the materials in coke solution present homogeneity in the color change after 7 days exposition to the solution, with no visible color change.

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Fracture Resistance of Immature Incisors Following Root Filling with Various Bioactive Endodontic Cements Using an Experimental Bovine Tooth Model

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1695654 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (02) ◽

pp. 156-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pegah Sarraf ◽

Mohammad Hossein Nekoofar ◽

Mohammad Saeed Sheykhrezae ◽

Paul M. H. Dummer

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Fracture Resistance ◽

Acrylic Resin ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Cem Cement ◽

Filling Materials ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to compare the fracture resistance of immature bovine roots when using ProRoot MTA, CEM Cement, and Biodentine as root filling materials. Materials and Methods An immature bovine tooth model was developed by removing the coronal and apical portions of 70 bovine incisors 8 mm above and 12 mm below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). The specimens were then divided into five groups: ProRoot MTA, CEM Cement, Biodentine, gutta-percha/AH26 sealer, and control. All groups received a 5-mm apical plug with a temporary restorative material. Then, the remaining root canal space was filled with one of the afore-mentioned materials. After setting, the specimens were mounted in acrylic resin. Then, 3 mm coronal to the CEJ from the buccal side of the teeth and at a 135°angle to the long axis, the specimens were loaded until fracture. Results The specimens in the Biodentine (2196 N) and ProRoot MTA (2103 N) groups had significantly greater fracture resistance in comparison to the control group (p = 0.01). No significant difference was found between CEM Cement, gutta-percha and sealer AH26, and control groups. No significant differences occurred between the four experimental groups (p = 0.45). Conclusion Filling the root canal space with ProRoot MTA and Biodentine contributed to higher fracture resistance values.

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Evaluation of Tissue Reaction to Some Denture-base Materials: An Animal Study

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jcdp-9-4-67 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 67-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Behnaz Ebadian ◽

Mohammad Razavi ◽

Solmaz Soleimanpour ◽

Ramin Mosharraf

Keyword(s):

Animal Study ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Acrylic Resin ◽

Tissue Reaction ◽

Control Group ◽

Denture Base ◽

Base Materials ◽

Heat Cure ◽

Two Samples ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Aim Controversy continues regarding the biocompatibility of denture base materials. One method to evaluate the biocompatibility of materials is in an animal study. Using dogs as subjects, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the vestibular tissue reaction to cobalt chromium (Co-Cr), heat cure acrylic resin, and acrylic resin mixed with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) compared with a control group using the histopathologic method. Methods and Materials Twelve disk shape samples (2 mm × 8 mm) in four groups of Co-Cr, acrylic resin, acrylic resin mixed with a 20% weight ratio of Al2O3, and a control group (Teflon) were fabricated. In one stage surgery two samples of each material (8 samples) was implanted in the buccal vestibule of each dog (n=6), subcutaneously. At 45 and 90-day intervals, half of the samples were excised along with peripheral tissue to assess the presence of inflammation by grading on a scale from 0 to 3 and the presence of a fibrotic capsule using histological observations. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Tau b Kendal tests. Results Tissue reaction between Co-Cr and the control group was significant (P=0.02), but it was not significant between other groups. There was no significant difference between the 45 and 90-day postinsertion samples. The formation of fibrotic capsule groups was significant (P=0.01). It was significant between the Co-Cr and acrylic resin groups (P=0.01) and the acrylic resin and control groups (P=0.01). Conclusion The Co-Cr group was more toxic than the other groups. The inflammation increased during time. The inflammation in two acrylic groups was greater than the control and less than the Co-Cr group. The formation of fibrotic capsule, except in the acrylic resin with Al2O3 group, increased over time. Clinical Significance Co-Cr alloys are toxic and can produce damage to living tissue. Heat cure acrylic resin materials have less toxicity, and their use is safer than Co-Cr alloys. Citation Ebadian B, Razavi M, Soleimanpour S, Mosharraf R. Evaluation of Tissue Reaction to Some Denture-base Materials: An Animal Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 May; (9)4:067-074.

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Effects of Polishing Bur Application Force and Reuse on Sintered Zirconia Surface Topography

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/17-105-lr ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 437-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

NG Fischer ◽

A Tsujimoto ◽

AG Baruth

Keyword(s):

Surface Topography ◽

Computer Aided Design ◽

Groove Depth ◽

Control Group ◽

Limited Information ◽

Average Roughness ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Computer Aided ◽

Cad Cam

SUMMARY Objective: Limited information is available on how to polish and finish zirconia surfaces following computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), specifically, how differing application forces and reuse of zirconia polishing systems affect zirconia topography. Purpose: To determine the effect of differing, clinically relevant, polishing application forces and multiple usages of polishing burs on the surface topography of CAD/CAM zirconia. Methods: One hundred twenty 220-grit carbide finished zirconia disks were sintered according to manufacturer's directions and divided into two groups for the study of two coarse polishing bur types. Each group was divided into subgroups for polishing (15,000 rpm) at 15 seconds for 1.0 N, 4.5 N, or 11 N of force using a purpose-built fixture. Subgroups were further divided to study the effects of polishing for the first, fifth, 15th, and 30th bur use, simulating clinical procedures. Unpolished surfaces served as a control group. Surfaces were imaged with noncontact optical profilometry (OP) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to measure average roughness values (Ra). Polishing burs were optically examined for wear. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on burs and zirconia surfaces. One-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey HSD (honest significant difference) tests (α=0.05) were used for statistical analyses. Results: AFM and OP Ra values of all polished surfaces were significantly lower than those of the unpolished control. Different polishing forces and bur reuse showed no significant differences in AFM Ra. However, significant differences in OP Ra were found due to differing application forces and bur reuse between the first and subsequent uses. SEM and optical micrographs revealed notable bur wear, increasing with increasing reuse. SEM and AFM micrographs clearly showed polished, periodic zirconia surfaces. Nanoscale topography, as analyzed with kurtosis and average groove depth, was found dependent on the specific polishing bur type. Conclusions: These in vitro results suggest changes in OP Ra due to bur reuse and polishing application force. Within the parameters of this study, the resultant topography of zirconia polishing is force-dependent and the reuse of coarse polishing burs is possible without statistically significant differences in Ra values after initial use. Nanoscale and microscale topography were shown to depend on specific polishing bur type.

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Porositas Lempeng Resin Akrilik Pasca Perendaman Rebusan Daun Sirih dan Kayu Siwak

Jurnal Vokasi Kesehatan ◽

10.30602/jvk.v4i1.122 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Yustin Nur Khoiriyah

Keyword(s):

Acrylic Resin ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Betel Leaf ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Antimicrobial Function ◽

Post Test ◽

Boiled Water ◽

One Way Anova

Abstract: Porosity Of Acrylic Resin After Immersion In The Boiled Water Of Betel Leaves And Siwak Wood. Denture acrylic resin can be a collection point for stain, tar, and plaque and this will adversely affect the oral health of the denture wearer. One way to clean the oral cavity of denture users is to use mouthwash and soak the teeth with a cleaning solution/denture cleanser. Mouthwash solutions and chemical-based cleaning solutions at relatively high prices, and affect the porosity of dentures. Therefore, the need for alternative materials that are safe, cheap, natural as well as having antimicrobial function without affecting the level of porosity of denture. This study was to determine the effect of the combination of boiled water of betel leaves and siwak wood to the porosity of the acrylic resin plate. This study was an experimental study, posttest only design with the control group has been done at the integrated laboratory of Poltekkes Tanjungkarang, July – December 2015. Data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA and continued with Least Significant Difference test. The results showed that the combination of betel leaves and siwak wood does not affect the porosity of the acrylic resin plate. The highest concentration of the combination of betel leaf water and siwak wood that did not differ significantly with negative control (aquades) was 75% with longest immersion period was 59 days. Abstrak: Porositas Lempeng Resin Akrilik Pasca Perendaman Rebusan Daun Sirih Dan Kayu Siwak. Gigi tiruan resin akrilik dapat menjadi tempat pengumpulan stain, tar, dan plak dan hal ini akan berpengaruh jelek terhadap kesehatan mulut pemakai gigi tiruan. Salah satu cara menjaga kebersihan rongga mulut pengguna gigi tiruan adalah dengan menggunakan obat kumur dan merendam gigi-tiruan tersebut dengan larutan pembersih/denture cleanser. Larutan obat kumur dan larutan pembersih berbahan dasar dari bahan kimia dengan harga yang relatif mahal, serta mempengaruhi porositas gigi tiruan. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya bahan alternatif yang aman, murah, alami sekaligus memiliki fungsi antimikroba dengan tanpa mempengaruhi tingkat porositas gigi tiruan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi air rebusan daun sirih dan kayu siwak terhadap porositas lempeng resin akrilik. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental, rancangan post test only with control group design, dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Terpadu Poltekkes Tanjungkarang, Juli-Desember 2015. Analisis data dengan uji One Way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan uji Least Significant Difference. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi air rebusan daun sirih dan kayu siwak tidak mempengaruhi porositas lempeng resin akrilik. Konsentrasi tertinggi dari kombinasi air rebusan daun sirih dan kayu siwak yang tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol negatif (aquades) adalah 75% dengan lama perendaman terpanjang yaitu 59 hari.

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Antimicrobial and mechanical acrylic resin properties with silver particles obtained from Fusarium oxysporum

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2018.v21i1.1534 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 96 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tabata Prado Sato ◽

Celio Ilidio Conjo ◽

Rodnei Dennis Rossoni ◽

Juliana Campos Junqueira ◽

Renata Marques de Melo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Acrylic Resin ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Color Alteration ◽

Cie Lab

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of the incorporation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) obtained from Fusarium oxysporum on heat-activated acrylic resin (HAAR) and their influence on resin’s surface roughness, hardness, color alteration and antimicrobial capacity against Candida albicans. Material and Methods: For this, 50 discs of HAAR (2x5 mm) were produced and divided into three groups, Control: HAAR; Ag1: HAAR plus 0.539 mg of AgNPs; and Ag2: HAAR plus 1.1 mg of AgNPs. Knopp hardness (HK), surface roughness (Ra and Rz) and color alteration according to the CIE Lab were measured. Specimens were then evaluated in vitro with regard to C. albicans biofilm formation through formed colony count (CFU/mL). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses were performed. Results: The addition of AgNPs of both concentrations changed Ra, Rz and HK significantly. There was statistically significant difference for L (p=0.00); a*(p=0.00) and b*(p=0.00) parameters. There were no differences between Ag1 and Ag2 biofilm formation, but the comparison of both with the control group presented a significant reduction (p=0.0091) on biofilm formation. SEM and AFM images showed no signs of NPs clustering. Conclusion: It can be concluded tha AgNPs incorporation in HAAR was effective in reducing C. albicans activity, with a slight change in color and hardness of the material, being effective therefore, in regions such as the dental prostheses palate, which have lesser aesthetic appeal.KeywordsAcrylic resins; Silver; Antimicrobial agents.

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Influence of Concentrations of Methacrylate and Acrylate Monomers on the Properties of Fiber Reinforced Polymethyl Methacrylate Denture Base Materials

Acta Chemica Iasi ◽

10.2478/achi-2018-0020 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 329-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Faik Tugut ◽

Mehmet Turgut ◽

Dursun Saraydin

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Impact Strength ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Acrylic Resin ◽

Bending Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Test Machine ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding different concentrations of 2 hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), ethyl methacrylate (EA) and isobutyl methacrylate (IBMA) monomers on the structural, thermal and mechanical properties of a fiber reinforced heat-polymerized acrylic resin. For each test, 126 acrylic resin specimens were fabricated and divided into 6 groups with 7 specimens each. One group was the control group, the other one is a fiber reinforced group and others were the test groups, which were formed according to the different concentrations of monomers. 6 mm length, and the weight ratio of 3% short glass fibers are added to acrylic powder polymerized by heating. The 2%, 5%, 10%, at 20 % ratios of different comonomers added to a monomer of MMA are composed of copolymer structures. Flexural strength was assessed with a three-point bending test using a universal testing machine. Impact strength testing was conducted using an impact test machine by the Charpy method. The analysis of the connection between acrylic resin and fiber by SEM and structural changes in the acrylic resin was investigated by FTIR spectroscopy. Data analyses using analysis of Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (α=0.05) significant difference tests showed that adding 2%, 5% HEMA and IBMA monomers significantly increased the flexural and impact strength compared to the control, only fiber and others group (P< 0.05). It is observed that the process of adding low concentration of HEMA and IBMA monomers improved certain mechanical properties of fiber reinforced with polymethylmethacrylate.

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