Anti-inflammatory and barrier stabilising effects of myrrh, coffee charcoal and chamomile flower extract in a multicomponent-cell-model of the intestinal mucosa

The presentations of dyspepsia include a range of clinical symptoms, each of which has different mechanisms of development, and, therefore, requires different approaches to the correction. In this context, the combination preparations containing components of natural origin with polymodal action on the gastrointestinal tract deserve special attention. Combination of synergistic components: highly bioavailable curcumin and prebiotic fibers; artichoke leaf extract and chamomile flower extract provide simultaneous effects on three key digestive organs: stomach, pancreas and liver. Curcumin has an anti-inflammatory effect, helps to normalize acidity and restore microflora; epithelialization of ulcers; normalization of the gallbladder function; elimination of toxins. It inhibits the processes of primary tumour formation and prevents the development of metastatic processes in gastrointestinal cancer. Pharmaceutical technologies using cyclodextrin as an excipient increase curcumin’s water solubility, dispersibility and absorption, which has been confirmed in several comparative bioavailability studies in healthy volunteers. Chamomile flower extract has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, antiulcer, wound healing and astringent effects. Chamomile is rich in slimy substances that envelop and protect the inflamed mucous membrane, including the stomach, from irritation with hydrochloric acid, bile components, food, and drugs. Mucous substances also have an anti-inflammatory effect and improve digestion. The artichoke facilitates the outflow of bile, affects the secretion of gastric glands, pancreas, increases the enzymatic activity of gastric juice, enhances intestinal motility during its atony, and has a hepatoprotective effect. As can be seen from the above, a combination of these synergistic components can be used in patients with chronic diseases, functional disorders as part of combination therapy, as well as for the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases in healthy people.

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Anti-Inflammatory and Barrier-Stabilising Effects of Myrrh, Coffee Charcoal and Chamomile Flower Extract in a Co-Culture Cell Model of the Intestinal Mucosa

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom10071033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1033 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Laura Weber ◽

Katrin Kuck ◽

Guido Jürgenliemk ◽

Jörg Heilmann ◽

Bartosz Lipowicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Barrier Function ◽

Inflammatory Mediator ◽

Cell Model ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Culture Cell ◽

Mediator Release ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Flower Extract ◽

Chamomile Flower

Recent clinical evidence suggests the efficacy of a traditional herbal medicinal product containing myrrh (Commiphora molmol Engl.), coffee charcoal (Coffea arabica L.) and chamomile flower dry extract (Matricaria chamomilla L.) in the therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, the mechanisms of action in this context have not been entirely elucidated. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of myrrh, coffee charcoal and chamomile flower extract on the inflammatory cross talk between immune and intestinal epithelial cells together with the resulting intestinal barrier disorders. A complex co-culture cell model consisting of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) monolayers (Caco-2, HT29-MTX-E12) and macrophages (THP-1) was established for the simultaneous investigation of these two IBD characteristics. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation of the macrophages led to a pro-inflammatory mediator release and thereby an inflammatory stimulation of IECs with chemokine release and reduced barrier function. The effects of the individual plant extracts and a ternary combination on inflammatory mediator release (IL-6, TNF, IL-8, MCP-1, PGE2) was quantified by ELISA. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of IEC monolayers was measured to evaluate the effects on the barrier function. Budesonide served as a positive control. All three plant extracts exhibited anti-inflammatory properties via the inhibition of the inflammatory mediator release to a varying extent. An intestinal barrier stabilising effect was observed for myrrh and coffee charcoal. Myrrh exerted the most distinct pharmacological activity. Dose reducing and synergistic interactions emerged within the threefold combination. Thus, our results provide a mechanistic basis for the use of the herbal combination of myrrh, coffee charcoal and chamomile flower extract in IBD treatment and underline the potential benefits of the phytotherapeutic multi-component/multi-target approach in this complex pathogenesis.

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Chamomile flower extract ameliorates biochemical and histological kidney dysfunction associated with polycystic ovary syndrome

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.066 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ahlam A. Alahmadi ◽

Bassam A. Alahmadi ◽

Lobna F. Wahman ◽

Nagla A. El-Shitany

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Kidney Dysfunction ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Flower Extract ◽

Chamomile Flower

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Anti-inflammatory properties of Amomum maximum Roxb and Amomum muricarpum Elmer in the North of Vietnam

Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.15625/1811-4989/16019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 301-307

Author(s):

Pham Anh Thu ◽

Nguyen Hoang Son ◽

Le Thanh Huong ◽

Nguyen Hai Dang

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Defense Mechanism ◽

Cell Model ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

The North ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Cox 2 ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Low Cytotoxicity

Inflammation is the body's homeostatic defense mechanism in which the immune system reacts to remove foreign bodies. Chronic inflammation can increase the risk for additional damage like autoimmune diseases, arthritis, diabetes and can result in death. Amomum maximum Roxb and Amomum muricarpum Elmer distributed widely in Vietnam have been used in traditional medicine for treatment of some gastrointestinal diseases. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the methanol extracts of A. maximum (AMM) and A. muricarpum Elmer (AMC) in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line. The total extracts showed that the extracts exhibited low cytotoxicity and potent anti-inflammatory activities by suppressing excessive nitric oxide (NO). The IC50 values of AMC and AMM were found to be 12.67 ± 1.7 µg/mL and 42.7 ± 2.5 µg/mL, respectively. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were evaluated using Western blot analysis. Our data demonstrated that AMC reduced the inflammatory response in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cell model via inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 while AMM seemed to modulate the inflammatory effect through the iNOS pathway only. In conclusion, AMM and AMC root extracts might be potential candidates for a study of naturally alternative anti-inflammatory drugs.

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Methyl jasmonate reduces the inﬂammation and apoptosis of HK-2 cells induced by LPS by regulating the NF-κB pathway

10.22514/10.22514/sv.2021.079 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Cell Viability ◽

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Cell Apoptosis ◽

Cell Model ◽

Tubular Epithelial Cell ◽

Cell Protein ◽

Epithelial Cell Line ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Iκbα Phosphorylation ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background: Methyl jasmonate is a bioactive oxylipid that participates in the defense-related mechanisms of plants. The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative capacities of methyl jasmonate against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced arthritis have been widely investigated. However, the role of methyl jasmonate in LPS-induced cell model of tubular-interstitial nephritis (TIN) has not been reported. Methods: LPS (5 µg/mL) was applied to treat human renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2) for the establishment of TIN cell model. LPS-induced HK-2 was incubated with 10 or 20 µM methyl jasmonate, cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by MTT and flow cytometry. ELISA and qRT-PCR were performed to determine the levels of interleukin (IL)-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The downstream pathway was investigated by western blot. Results: LPS induced cytotoxicity in HK-2 cell accompanied by decrease of cell viability and increase of cell apoptosis. Methyl jasmonate dosage dependently enhanced the cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis to ameliorate the cytotoxicity. LPS also induced inflammatory response in HK-2 cell with increased IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. Methyl jasmonate attenuated LPS-induced inflammation in HK-2 cell. Protein expression of IκBα was down-regulated, p65 and IκBα phosphorylation were up-regulated in LPS-induced HK-2. Methyl jasmonate attenuated LPS-induced decrease of IκBα and increase of p65 and IκBα phosphorylation in HK-2 cell. Conclusion: Methyl jasmonate demonstrated anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced HK-2 cell through suppression of NF-κB activation.

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2,4-Dimethoxy-6-Methylbenzene-1,3-diol, a Benzenoid From Antrodia cinnamomea, Mitigates Psoriasiform Inflammation by Suppressing MAPK/NF-κB Phosphorylation and GDAP1L1/Drp1 Translocation

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.664425 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Shih-Yi Chuang ◽

Chi-Yuan Chen ◽

Shih-Chun Yang ◽

Ahmed Alalaiwe ◽

Chih-Hung Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Model ◽

Mitochondrial Fission ◽

Neutrophil Migration ◽

Chemokine Production ◽

Antrodia Cinnamomea ◽

Effective Treatment Modality ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Novel Target

Antrodia cinnamomea exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities. We aimed to explore the antipsoriatic potential of 2,4-dimethoxy-6-methylbenzene-1,3-diol (DMD) derived from A. cinnamomea. The macrophages activated by imiquimod (IMQ) were used as the cell model for examining the anti-inflammatory effect of DMD in vitro. A significantly high inhibition of IL-23 and IL-6 by DMD was observed in THP-1 macrophages and bone marrow-derived mouse macrophages. The conditioned medium of DMD-treated macrophages could reduce neutrophil migration and keratinocyte overproliferation. DMD could downregulate cytokine/chemokine by suppressing the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-κB. We also observed inhibition of GDAP1L1/Drp1 translocation from the cytoplasm to mitochondria by DMD intervention. Thus, mitochondrial fission could be a novel target for treating psoriatic inflammation. A psoriasiform mouse model treated by IMQ showed reduced scaling, erythema, and skin thickening after topical application of DMD. Compared to the IMQ stimulation only, the active compound decreased epidermal thickness by about 2-fold. DMD diminished the number of infiltrating macrophages and neutrophils and their related cytokine/chemokine production in the lesional skin. Immunostaining of the IMQ-treated skin demonstrated the inhibition of GDAP1LI and phosphorylated Drp1 by DMD. The present study provides insight regarding the potential use of DMD as an effective treatment modality for psoriatic inflammation.

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Inhibitory Effects of Cortex Dictamni Aqueous Extract on Dipeptidyl Peptidase I and Chymase Activities and the Screening of Active Ingredients in Cortex Dictamni Based on Molecular Docking Technique

Journal of Biology and Life Science ◽

10.5296/jbls.v12i1.18073 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Qi Wang ◽

Tao Wei ◽

Xiaoying Zhou

Keyword(s):

Molecular Docking ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Hydrophobic Interactions ◽

Cell Model ◽

Docking Simulation ◽

Dipeptidyl Peptidase ◽

Stable Complex ◽

Molecular Docking Study ◽

Natural Inhibitor ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI) and chymase, the granulo-proteases produced and released by mast cells, are important targets of anti-inflammatory drug research and development. Cortex Dictamni is a definite nature drug with anti-inflammatory activity, but the mechanism is unclear and effects of Cortex Dictamni on DPPI and chymase are unknown. This study focuses on effects of Cortex Dictamni aqueous extract (CDAE) on DPPI and chymase activities using cell model, bio-molecular interactions and the Molecular docking study by Discovery Studio (DS) analysis. The results showed that CDAE could significantly inhibit DPPI and chymase activities in vitro and in living rat spleen lymphocytes. Molecular docking simulation demonstrated that Troxerutin, the one of the active compounds of Cortex Dictamni, formed a hydrogen bond with amino acid ILE429 and a strong hydrophobic interaction with TYR64 CYS234 PRO279 ALA382 of DPPI. These interactions allow Troxerutin to form a stable complex with the DPPI, implicating that Troxerutin might be a potential natural inhibitor of DPPI. Dictamnoside M, another active compound of Cortex Dictamni formed hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions within the binding pocket of chymase domain and form a stable complex with the chymase. Dictamnoside M maybe a potential natural inhibitor of chymase. This study suggested a new nature inhibitor Cortex Dictamni and its active components with the anti-inflammatory effects.

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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Adenine Enhance Osteogenesis in the Osteoblast-Like MG-63 Cells

Life ◽

10.3390/life10070116 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 116

Author(s):

Yu-Pin Chen ◽

Yo-Lun Chu ◽

Yang-Hwei Tsuang ◽

Yueh Wu ◽

Cheng-Yi Kuo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Osteoblast Differentiation ◽

Cell Model ◽

Osteoblastic Cells ◽

Cellular Respiration ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Pharmacological Potential ◽

Factor Α ◽

Bone Condition

Background: Adenine is a purine with a role in cellular respiration and protein synthesis. It is considered for its pharmacological potential. We investigated whether anti-inflammatory effect of adenine benefits on the proliferation and maturation of osteoblastic cells. Methods: Human osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) were cultured with adenine under control conditions or pre-treated with 10ng/mL of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) followed by adenine treatment. Cell viability was examined using dimethylthiazol diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Expression of cytokines and osteogenic markers were analyzed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and ELISA. Enzyme activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and collagen content were measured. Results: TNF-α exposure led to a decreased viability of osteoblastic cells. Treatment with adenine suppressed TNF-α-induced elevation in IL-6 expression and nitrite oxide production in MG-63 cells. Adenine induced the osteoblast differentiation with increased transcript levels of collage and increased ALP enzyme activity. Conclusions: Adenine exerts anti-inflammatory activity in an inflammatory cell model. Adenine benefits osteoblast differentiation in normal and inflammatory experimental settings. Adenine has a potential for the use to treat inflammatory bone condition such as osteoporosis.

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Formulated Chinese Medicine Shaoyao Gancao Tang Reduces Tau Aggregation and Exerts Neuroprotection through Anti-Oxidation and Anti-Inflammation

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2018/9595741 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

I-Cheng Chen ◽

Te-Hsien Lin ◽

Yu-Hsuan Hsieh ◽

Chih-Ying Chao ◽

Yih-Ru Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Model ◽

Neuronal Cell Death ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Neuronal Cell ◽

Tau Proteins ◽

No Production ◽

Study Results ◽

Apoptosis Protein ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Protein Array Analysis

Misfolded tau proteins induce accumulation of free radicals and promote neuroinflammation by activating microglia-releasing proinflammatory cytokines, leading to neuronal cell death. Traditional Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have been widely used in clinical practice to treat neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. This study examined the neuroprotection effects of formulated CHMs Bai-Shao (made of Paeonia lactiflora), Gan-Cao (made of Glycyrrhiza uralensis), and Shaoyao Gancao Tang (SG-Tang, made of P. lactiflora and G. uralensis at 1 : 1 ratio) in cell model of tauopathy. Our results showed that SG-Tang displayed a greater antioxidative and antiaggregation effect than Bai-Shao and Gan-Cao and a stronger anti-inflammatory activity than Bai-Shao but similar to Gan-Cao. In inducible 293/SH-SY5Y cells expressing proaggregant human tau repeat domain (ΔK280 tauRD), SG-Tang reduced tau misfolding and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in ΔK280 tauRD 293 cells and promoted neurite outgrowth in ΔK280 tauRD SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, SG-Tang displayed anti-inflammatory effects by reducing nitric oxide (NO) production in mouse BV-2 microglia and increased cell viability of ΔK280 tauRD-expressing SH-SY5Y cells inflamed by BV-2 conditioned medium. To uncover the neuroprotective mechanisms of SG-Tang, apoptosis protein array analysis of inflamed tau expressing SH-SY5Y cells was conducted and the suppression of proapoptotic proteins was confirmed. In conclusion, SG-Tang displays neuroprotection by exerting antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities to suppress neuronal apoptosis in human tau cell models. The study results lay the base for future applications of SG-Tang on tau animal models to validate its effect of reducing tau misfolding and potential disease modification.

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