scholarly journals Mucociliary Clearance of Different Respiratory Conditions: A Clinical Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Souza Uzeloto ◽  
Dionei Ramos ◽  
Bruna Spolador de Alencar Silva ◽  
Mariana Belon Previatto de Lima ◽  
Rebeca Nunes Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Respiratory Conditions

Abstract Introduction Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is the first line of defense of the pulmonary system. Mucociliary clearance impairment may lead to increased risk of respiratory infections, lung injury, pulmonary repair problems, chronic dysfunctions and progression of respiratory diseases. Objective To characterize the MCC of active and passive smokers and individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and compare the MCC behaviors between men and women of different age groups. Methods Patients with COPD (current smokers and ex-smokers) and apparently healthy individuals (current smokers, passive smokers and nonsmokers) were evaluated. All of the subjects underwent lung function and MCC evaluation (saccharin transport test [STT]). Smokers (with or without COPD) were questioned about the smoking history. Results A total of 418 individuals aged 16 to 82 years old, of both genders, were evaluated. The STT values of active and passive smokers were statistically higher than those of the control group (p < 0.01). Men of the control group had lower values of STT than active smokers (9.7 ± 7.1 and 15.4 ± 10.1 minute, respectively, p < 0.01). In addition, higher MCC velocity was observed in women that are current smokers (11.7 ± 6.8 minute) compared with men (15.4 ± 10.1 minute) in this group (p = 0.01). Among the younger age groups (< 50 years old), only passive smokers presented higher STT in relation to the control group. Conclusion Passive and active smoking are factors that influence negatively the MCC, and passive smokers may present losses of this mechanism at a younger age. Additionally, male smokers present worse MCC than male nonsmokers.

scholarly journals Increased Risk of Autopsy-Proven Pneumonia with Sex, Season and Neurodegenerative Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G Beach ◽  
Aryck Russell ◽  
Lucia I Sue ◽  
Anthony J Intorcia ◽  
Michael J Glass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Male Sex

There has been a markedly renewed interest in factors associated with pneumonia, a leading cause of death worldwide, due to its frequent concurrence with pandemics of influenza and Covid-19 disease. Reported predisposing factors to both bacterial pneumonia and pandemic viral lower respiratory infections are wintertime occurrence, older age, obesity, pre-existing cardiopulmonary conditions and diabetes. Also implicated are age-related neurodegenerative diseases that cause parkinsonism and dementia. We investigated the prevalence of autopsy-proven pneumonia in the Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders (AZSAND), a longitudinal clinicopathological study, between the years 2006 and 2019 and before the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic. Of 691 subjects dying at advanced ages (mean 83.4), pneumonia was diagnosed postmortem in 343 (49.6%). There were 185 subjects without dementia or parkinsonism while clinicopathological diagnoses for the other subjects included 319 with Alzheimer disease dementia, 127 with idiopathic Parkinson disease, 72 with dementia with Lewy bodies, 49 with progressive supranuclear palsy and 78 with vascular dementia. Subjects with one or more of these neurodegenerative diseases all had higher pneumonia rates, ranging between 50 and 61%, as compared to those without dementia or parkinsonism (40%). In multivariable logistic regression models, male sex and a non-summer death both had independent contributions (ORs of 1.67 and 1.53) towards the presence of pneumonia at autopsy while the absence of parkinsonism or dementia was a significant negative predictor of pneumonia (OR 0.54). Male sex, dementia and parkinsonism may also be risk factors for Covid-19 pneumonia. The apolipoprotein E4 allele, as well as obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, hypertension, congestive heart failure, cardiomegaly and cigarette smoking history, were not significantly associated with pneumonia, in contradistinction to what has been reported for Covid-19 disease.

scholarly journals ACE gene I/D polymorphism and arterial hypertension in patients with COPD

Pneumologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
Mariya Marushchak ◽  
Khrystyna Maksiv ◽  
Inna Krynytska
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Ace Gene ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are common in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and their presence is associated with an increased risk for hospitalization, longer length of stay and all-cause and CVD-related mortality. We assessed the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism in the occurrence of arterial hypertension (AH) in patients with COPD. Methods The study group consisted of 96 patients. Group 1 had 25 individuals with COPD, Group 2 had 23 individuals with AH and Group 3 had 28 individuals with COPD and AH. The control group consisted of 20 healthy subjects. I/D genotypes of ACE were determined by polymerase chain reaction amplification. Results The frequency distribution of polymorphic genotypes of the gene encoding ACE and assessment of compliance with the Hardy-Weinberg population equilibrium were carried out in groups of patients with COPD, AH and COPD + AH combination. The frequencies of the genotype responsible for I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene in the control and experimental groups were not found to deviate significantly from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The results of the study have not demonstrated any significant impact of alleles of ACE genes or ACE genes on occurrence of diseases such as COPD, AH and combinations thereof. However, analysis of odds ratio has demonstrated that the presence of the D allele of the ACE gene may increase the risk for occurrence of the COPD + AH (OR = 1.26). Conclusion The data obtained in the study allow suggesting that the presence of D allele of the ACE gene may increase the risk for AH in patients with COPD.

scholarly journals ACE gene I/D polymorphism and arterial hypertension in patients with COPD

Pneumologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya Marushchak ◽  
Khrystyna Maksiv ◽  
Inna Krynytska
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Ace Gene ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are common in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and their presence is associated with an increased risk for hospitalization, longer length of stay and all-cause and CVD-related mortality. We assessed the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism in the occurrence of arterial hypertension (AH) in patients with COPD. Methods The study group consisted of 96 patients. Group 1 had 25 individuals with COPD, Group 2 had 23 individuals with AH and Group 3 had 28 individuals with COPD and AH. The control group consisted of 20 healthy subjects. I/D genotypes of ACE were determined by polymerase chain reaction amplification. Results The frequency distribution of polymorphic genotypes of the gene encoding ACE and assessment of compliance with the Hardy-Weinberg population equilibrium were carried out in groups of patients with COPD, AH and COPD + AH combination. The frequencies of the genotype responsible for I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene in the control and experimental groups were not found to deviate significantly from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The results of the study have not demonstrated any significant impact of alleles of ACE genes or ACE genes on occurrence of diseases such as COPD, AH and combinations thereof. However, analysis of odds ratio has demonstrated that the presence of the D allele of the ACE gene may increase the risk for occurrence of the COPD + AH (OR = 1.26). Conclusion The data obtained in the study allow suggesting that the presence of D allele of the ACE gene may increase the risk for AH in patients with COPD.

scholarly journals The Association Between Smoking History and Intensive Phase Treatment Success of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital Banda Aceh

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-8
Author(s):  
Risa Fitria ◽  
Feni Fitriani Taufik ◽  
Dewi Behtri Yanifitri
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Intensive Phase ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Banda Aceh

Background: Many diseases are associated with smoking such as malignant disease, cardiovascular, diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), arthritis, impotence, infertility, Alzheimer’s Disease, tuberculosis and others. Smoking is proven to disrupt the ciliary mucosal clearance and it is associated with an increased risk of pulmonary tuberculosis. Sputum conversion is an important indicator to assess the success of TB treatment. This study aims to determine the relation between smoking history and the success intensive phase treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis at Dr Zainoel Abidin Hospital. Method: Prospective cohort study in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis acid-fast bacilli (AFB) positive (+) smokers and non smokers who visited the Integrated Tuberculosis Care (PTT), at outpatient and inpatient pulmonary infection RSU Dr. Zainoel Abidin hospital Banda Aceh from 28 November 2015 until 1 February 2016. Results: A total of 38 subjects were divided into 2 groups (19 subjects with 19 subjects smokers and non-smokers). All subjects smokers are male while nonsmoker subjects consisted of male and female. The results of the first month study (p=0.009), there are 14 non smoker subjects with AFB conversion (73,7%) and 5 subjetcs without AFB conversion. Among smoking subjects there are 6 subjets (31.6%) with AFB conversion and 13 subjects (68.4% ) without AFB conversion. In the second month (p=0,202), more than half subjects who are non-smokers had AFB conversion, 17 subjects (89.5%) and 2 subjects (10.5%) had no AFB conversion. In smokers group there are 14 subjects (73.7% ) had AFB conversion and 5 subject (26.3%) had no conversion. Conclusion: There was a significant relation between smoking habit and the occurrence of first-month AFB sputum. (J Respir Indo. 2018; 38: 232-8)

scholarly journals Prevalence of Venous Thromboembolism In Patients with Secondary Polycythemia

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 3164-3164
Author(s):  
Omar Nadeem ◽  
Jiang Gui ◽  
Deborah Ornstein
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Secondary Polycythemia

Abstract Abstract 3164 Background: Polycythemia vera is associated with an increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Although phlebotomy is employed as an adjunct to treatment with hydroxyurea and/or aspirin for VTE risk reduction, emerging data suggest that hematocrit is less of a determinant of VTE risk than leukocyte count and JAK2 V617F gene mutation allele burden. The role of secondary polycythemia as a risk factor for VTE is unknown, but phlebotomy for thrombosis risk reduction is frequently practiced. Based on the polycythemia vera model, however, we hypothesize that secondary polycythemia does not increase VTE risk. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of VTE in patients with secondary polycythemia and to investigate the factors associated with VTE in this population. Methods: We performed a case control study that included patients admitted to Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and a hematocrit greater than or equal to 50% from August 2004 to July 2009. The controls were matched for age and sex and carried a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) without evidence of secondary polycythemia. Data were collected on body mass index (BMI), VTE history, comorbid conditions, thrombophilia and smoking history. Clinical characteristics of patients with and without secondary polycythemia were analyzed using chi square and t-test to evaluate for significant differences in the two populations. Results: Eighty-six patients with secondary polycythemia and 86 controls were included in the study. The mean hematocrit was 53.5% in the case group and 43.7% in the control group (p=<0.005). Among cases, a history of VTE was documented in 17/86 (19.8%), 10 of which (58.8%) were judged to be idiopathic. In the control group, VTE was documented in 12/86 (14%), 4 of which (33.3%) were judged to be idiopathic. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of total (OR=1.52, p=0.42) or idiopathic (OR=2.7; p=0.16) VTE between cases and controls, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences noted in age, sex, body mass index, presence of diabetes mellitus, smoking history or the presence of malignancy in the two groups. Patients with VTE in both groups had higher BMI, however, compared to patients without VTE. Conclusions: We did not observe an increased prevalence of VTE in patients with secondary polycythemia compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Our findings suggest that the high prevalence of VTE observed in patients with secondary polycythemia is more likely related to known risk factors such as obesity rather than hyperviscosity due to increased cell mass. The role of phlebotomy for VTE risk reduction in patients with secondary polycythemia is therefore questionable. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Role of signal-averaged electrocardiography and ventricular late potentials in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Buzea ◽  
G.A. Dan ◽  
Anca Rodica Dan ◽  
Caterina Delcea ◽  
M.I. Balea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Late Potentials ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Ventricular Late Potentials ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have an increased risk for cardiac arrhythmias. Ventricular late potentials (VLP) on signal-averaged electrocardiography (SAECG) are associated with an increased risk for malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Our aim is to investigate the modifications of SAECG parameters and the presence of VLP as possible indicators of proarrhythmic substrate in patients with COPD. We prospectively enrolled 41 consecutive patients in the COPD group and 63 patients without any history of pulmonary disease, matched for age and hypertension history, in the control group. Pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gases, echocardiography, 24-hour Holter monitoring and SAECG were performed. We measured total filtered QRS duration (QRSf), duration of high frequency, low-amplitude signals < 40 V (HFLA40), and root mean square voltage in the last 40 ms (RMS40). VLP were considered if at least two of these parameters were abnormal. Results. We did not register any significant differences in QRSf, HFLA40 or RMS40 between the two groups. In the COPD group there was a non-significant higher percentage of patients with VLP in comparison with the control group. In the COPD patients we registered a significantly higher number of isolated premature ventricular beats and of combined complex ventricular arrhythmias, consisting of polymorphic PVC, couplets, triplets or nonsustained ventricular tachycardias. None of these arrhythmic parameters correlated with SAECG variables or with the presence of VLP. Conclusion. In COPD patients parameters measured on signal-averaged electrocardiography and ventricular late potentials analysis have little value in risk stratification for ventricular arrhythmias.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PERNAFASAN PURSED-LIP SEBELUM LATIHAN FISIK TERHADAP KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN PENYAKIT PARU OBSTRUKTIF KRONIS (PPOK) DI RUMAH SAKIT PANTIRAPIH YOGYAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Scholastica Fina Aryu Puspasari
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
6 Minute Walk Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Combined Intervention

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive lung illness with the main complaints of breathlessness and decreased activitiestolerance, which consequentially worsen the quality of life (QoL). COPD management aims to improve the QoLby means of rehabilitation programs. Objective: The study focused on determining the impact of physical activity(6-Minute Walk Test/6-MWT)and the combination of Pursed-Lip Breathing (PLB) before 6-MWTon COPD patients’QoL. Methods: This study occupieda quasi-experimentaldesign, which involved70 respondents,divided into 3 groups, i.e 2 intervention groups (30 respondents each) and one control group (10 respondents). Results:The majority of respondents were male (71%), aged 60-74 (56%), had normalBMI (48%), and were former smokers (59%).After 6 weeks of intervention, meaningful differences were found in the QoLbefore and after the intervention in bothgroups:6-MWT(p=0.000) and combined (p=0.000). The ordinal logistic regression test resultedthe combined intervention hadstronger effect on the quality of life (p=0.000, 47.1% contribution)than 6-MWT (p=0.012, 35.8% contribution). Respondents’ characteristics that impacted on the quality of life were smoking history and period of CPOD (p<0.05, OR: 11,376; OR: 49,75, respectively). Conclusion:It can be concluded that PLB before 6-MWT is an effective training to improve QoL of people with COPD. Keywords: Pursed-lip breathing; QoL;COPD

PENGARUH PERNAFASAN PURSED-LIP SEBELUM LATIHAN FISIK TERHADAP KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN PENYAKIT PARU OBSTRUKTIF KRONIS (PPOK) DI RUMAH SAKIT PANTIRAPIH YOGYAKARTA

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Scholastica Fina Aryu Puspasari
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
6 Minute Walk Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Combined Intervention

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive lung illness with the main complaints of breathlessness and decreased activitiestolerance, which consequentially worsen the quality of life (QoL). COPD management aims to improve the QoLby means of rehabilitation programs. Objective: The study focused on determining the impact of physical activity(6-Minute Walk Test/6-MWT)and the combination of Pursed-Lip Breathing (PLB) before 6-MWTon COPD patients’QoL. Methods: This study occupieda quasi-experimentaldesign, which involved70 respondents,divided into 3 groups, i.e. 2 intervention groups (30 respondents each) and one control group (10 respondents). Results:The majority of respondents were male (71%), aged 60-74 (56%), had normalBMI (48%), and were former smokers (59%).After 6 weeks of intervention, meaningful differences were found in the QoLbefore and after the intervention in bothgroups:6-MWT(p=0.000) and combined (p=0.000). The ordinal logistic regression test resultedthe combined intervention hadstronger effect on the quality of life (p=0.000, 47.1% contribution) than 6-MWT (p=0.012, 35.8% contribution). Respondents’ characteristics that impacted on the quality of life were smoking history and period of CPOD (p<0.05, OR: 11,376; OR: 49,75, respectively). Conclusion:It can be concluded that PLB before 6-MWT is an effective training to improve QoL of people with COPD. Keywords: pursed-lip breathing; QoL;COPD

Presence of Renal Simple Cysts Is Associated With Increased Risk of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Angiology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bong Gun Song ◽  
Yong Hwan Park
Keyword(s):  
Screening Program ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Structural Weakness

We compared the incidence of renal simple cysts in 271 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and 1387 patients without AAA (controls) using computed tomography (CT) angiography and abdominal CT, as a health screening program. The AAA group had significantly higher prevalence of renal simple cysts (55% vs 19%, P = .001) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; 12% vs 1%, P = .011) than the controls. After propensity score matching (n = 164), the prevalence of renal simple cysts was still significantly higher in the AAA group. In multivariate analysis, independent predictors of AAA were age, male gender, smoking history, hypertension, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, creatinine, COPD, and renal simple cysts. The structural weakness predisposing for renal simple cysts may be associated with the initiation of AAA formation. More studies are needed to determine whether the presence of renal simple cysts can be considered as a risk factor for AAA.

scholarly journals Trends in Mortality from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Alberta: Back to the Future?

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Tee L Guidotti
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Health Related Behaviour

Trends in mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Alberta over 60 years, from 1927 to 1987, for ages 15 and above or both sexes, were examined. There was a striking decline in mortality among older adults in the 1930s and 1940s. a nadir that lasted almost 10 years in the 1950s, and a striking increase thereafter. By 1970, most age groups had returned to levels of the 1930s. This overall trend was observed in both the younger age groups (aged 15 to 50) and older adults, although mortality from COPD in the former disproportionately reflected asthma-related deaths. Subsequently, mortality climbed still higher in older age groups, but not in the younger age groups. The sustained rise in mortality in older age groups after the Second World War is presumably related to smoking habits. Historical trends in Alberta were then compared with Canada as a whole for both sexes over 50 years of age. Although Alberta had a much lower mortality from COPD than Canada as a whole, this difference disappeared by 1980. There is no obvious explanation that would explain all of the observed trends, but they appear more likely to be a consequence of social and environmental conditions, including changes in health-related behaviour, than of major changes in medical management at the time.

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