A Technique to Reconstruct a Nerve Injured at Its Bifurcation Site Using Autograft and End-to-Side Neurorrhaphy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Zanchetta ◽  
Giorgio Eugenio Pajardi ◽  
Luigi Troisi
Keyword(s):  
Bifurcation Point ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nerve Graft ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cutaneous Nerve ◽  
Distal Stump ◽  
Patient’S Satisfaction ◽  
Dorsal Area ◽  
Nerve Autograft

AbstractPeripheral nerves injuries are relatively frequent after high-energy trauma in both upper and lower limb. This case report describes the reconstruction of a 5-cm nerve defect involving the superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) where it divides into its two terminal branches. A 5-cm nerve graft was harvested from the proximal part of the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve (MDN) and interposed to fill the gap between the distal stump of the SPN and the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve (IDN). The stump of the MDN was then sutured with an end-to-side (ETS) technique to the IDN, distally to the nerve graft, by opening a window in the epineurium of IDN. The sensory restoration of the dorsal area of the foot after 8 months was evaluated satisfactory from the authors. Tenderness and Tinel’s sign at the lesion site were not present. The patient’s satisfaction was excellent. The results of this case may suggest that a nerve defect involving a bifurcation point can be treated with satisfactory results using one distal stump as donor nerve for a nerve autograft to bridge the nerve gap followed by an ETS neurorrhaphy of donor one on the other stump. In this way, it is possible to reconstruct a bifurcation point by creating a new division point with the same Y-shape in a more distal position, without adding morbidity due to the harvesting of a nerve graft from another area of the body.

Digestibility of nutrients and milk productivity of cows when using the concentrate mixture with the inclusion of rapeseed presscake

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
L. Yarmots ◽  
G. Yarmots ◽  
A. Belenkaya
Keyword(s):  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Experimental Group

For ruminants, especially high-yielding animals in addition to the complete supply of animals with protein, its digestibility in the rumen is important. With low protein digestibility in the rumen, the released ammonia will be more effectively used by the rumen microflora, and the undigestible protein in the subsequent sections of the digestive tract can serve as a source of amino acids for the body. The use of concentrate mixtures with the inclusion of local, affordable and cheaper grain feeds, in particular a high-energy and protein ingredient- rapeseed presscake makes it possible to increase the milk productivity of cows throughout lactation. These presscakes are well balanced in their amino acid composition and belong to feeds whose protein has a low degree of digestibility in the rumen. The purpose of the researches was to study the digestibility of nutrients and milk productivity of cows when using the concentrate mixture with the inclusion of rapeseed presscake. In the scientific and economic experiment has been carried out on lactating cows, where the cows of the experimental group in the concentrate mixture of peas has been replaced with rapeseed presscake the digestibility of nutrients in the ration, energy metabolism and milk productivity have been studied. Studies have shown that almost all the nutrients were significantly better digested by the animals of the experimental group. Energy in milk was more allocated by cows of the experimental group by 6,29 MJ. From cows of the experimental group for 100 and 305 days of lactation has been obtained more milk by 6,27 and 7,06 %, respectively, than from control herdmates. The biochemical parameters of blood were within the limits of the physiological norm in animals of both groups. Thus, the replacement of peas with rapeseed presscake in the concentrate mixture did not have a negative influence on the metabolic processes and helped to increase the milk productivity of cows.

scholarly journals Innovative concepts for the usage of veneer-based hybrid materials in vehicle structures

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072199839
Author(s):  
DB Heyner ◽  
G Piazza ◽  
E Beeh ◽  
G Seidel ◽  
HE Friedrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Strip ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Material System ◽  
Laminated Veneer Lumber ◽  
Hybrid Beam ◽  
Bending Load ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

A promising approach for the development of sustainable and resource-saving alternatives to conventional material solutions in vehicle structures is the use of renewable raw materials. One group of materials that has particular potential for this application is wood. The specific material properties of wood in the longitudinal fiber direction are comparable to typical construction materials such as steel or aluminum. Due to its comparatively low density, there is a very high lightweight construction potential especially for bending load cases. Structural components of the vehicle body are exposed to very high mechanical loads in the case of crash impact. Depending on the component under consideration, energy has to be absorbed and the structural integrity of the body has to be ensured in order to protect the occupants. The use of natural materials such as wood poses particular challenges for such applications. The material characteristics of wood are dispersed, and depend on environmental factors such as humidity. The aim of the following considerations was to develop a material system to ensure the functional reliability of the component. The test boundary conditions for validation also play a key role in this context. The potential of wood–steel hybrid design based on laminated veneer lumber and steel was investigated for use in a component subjected to crash loads such as the door impact beam. The chosen solution involves a separation of functions. A laminated veneer lumber-based beam was hybridized with a steel strip on the tension side. The steel strip was designed to compensate the comparatively low elongation at fracture of the wood and to ensure the integrity of the beam. The wooden component was designed for high energy absorption due to delamination and controlled failure during the impact, while maintaining the surface moment of inertia, i.e. the bending stiffness of the entire component. This approach was chosen to ensure the functional safety of the component, avoid sudden component failure and utilize the high potential of both materials. The tests carried out provided initial functional proof of the chosen solution. The hybridization achieved significantly higher deformations without sudden failure of the beam. In addition, bending capabilities were increased significantly compared to a beam without hybridization. In comparison with a state-of-the-art steel beam, the hybrid beam was not able to achieve the maximum deformation and the target weight of the hybrid beam. Further optimization of the hybrid beam is therefore necessary.

Body Composition Modifications Due to the “Search, Rescue and Survival Training” in Male Military Firefighter Cadets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Ramos de Barros ◽  
Verônica Pinto Salerno ◽  
Thalita Ponce ◽  
Míriam Raquel Meira Mainenti
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Fat Percentage

ABSTRACT Introduction To train and prepare cadets for a career as firefighters in Rio de Janeiro, the second-year students of the Officers Training Course are submitted to a Search, Rescue, and Survival Training (SRST) course, which is characterized by long periods of high physical exertion and sleep restriction during a 9-day instruction module, and food restriction during a 7-day survival module. The present study investigated changes in the body composition of 39 male cadets submitted to SRST during training and 4 weeks of recovery with no restrictions in food consumption. Materials and Methods Each cadet was evaluated by anthropometric measurements at six time points: pre-SRST; after the first module; after the second module; and after 1, 2, and 4 weeks of recovery. Measurements included body girths and skinfolds, to estimate trunk (chest and waist) and limbs (arm and thigh) dimensions, as well as body composition. Repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman test were applied (depending on each data distribution). Results Statistically significant decreases in body weight (76.2; 69.8-87.2 to 63.9; 58.9-73.5 kg) and fat free mass (FFM, 69.2; 63.7-77.2 to 60.1; 56.2-68.0 kg) were observed following the second module of SRST. Following a single week of recovery, the FFM returned to pre-SRST values. Body weight returned to pre-training levels in 2 weeks. Body fat percentage and mass also significantly decreased during SRST (9.0; 7.7-12.3 to 6.5; 5.1-9.3% and 6.9; 5.6-10.0 to 6.9; 5.6-10.0 kg, respectively), which showed a slower and more gradual recovery that reached pre-SRST values after 4 weeks. The girths of arm, thigh, chest and waist significantly decreased due to SRST. The girths of the limbs (arm and thigh) returned to pre-training values after one month of recovery, while the girths of the trunk (chest and waist) did not return to pre-SRST values during the study period. Conclusions The findings suggest that men who experience periods of high energy demands and sleep restriction followed by a period of food restriction will endure unavoidable physical consequences that can be mostly reversed by a 1-month recovery.

scholarly journals A Ten-Year Review of Primary School Flexible Learning Environments: Interior Design and IEQ Performance

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Diksha Vijapur ◽  
Christhina Candido ◽  
Özgür Göçer ◽  
Shirley Wyver
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Flexible Learning ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
And Performance

Flexible Learning Environments (FLEs) arose as enablers for implementation of student-centric pedagogical approaches. Interior design is the key to the success of FLEs, providing the physical infrastructure needed for students to engage on several learning activities, from individual to group work, which take place in a variety of zones ranging from low to high energy. Therefore, a harmonious synergy between the interior design and subsequent Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) performance of FLEs’ physical configuration and learning activities is needed. The objective of this paper is to systematically review (in accordance with the PRISMA method) existing literature related to FLEs within primary school settings, typically catering to children aged 5–12 years old, to understand the body of work investigating the design and performance of FLEs over the last decade (2010–2020). Key findings suggest that the proximity and acoustic and visual permeability of zones found in FLEs may give rise to inadequate IEQ conditions delivered to students. In addition, it could be inferred from the results of the literature review that interior design and IEQ have not been sufficiently investigated in an integrated manner.

The Vascularized Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve Graft Based on a Radial Artery Perforator for Nerve Defect Reconstruction

2016 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 256e-257e
Author(s):  
Olivier Camuzard ◽  
Rémi Foissac ◽  
Patrick Baqué ◽  
Nicolas Bronsard ◽  
Charalambos Georgiou
Keyword(s):  
Radial Artery ◽  
Nerve Graft ◽  
Cutaneous Nerve ◽  
Defect Reconstruction ◽  
Artery Perforator

Observation of the presence of crypsis in white mullet Mugil curema (Pisces: Mugilidae) juveniles under artificial rearing conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-227
Author(s):  
Ana L. Ibáñez ◽  
Diana Y. Montero
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Pigmentation Change ◽  
White Spots ◽  
Dorsal Axis ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Dorsal Area ◽  
Being Moved ◽  
One Way Anova

This study documents the presence of crypsis in Mugil curema juveniles under laboratory culture. Initially, the juveniles were located in one brown tank (BT1), later almost half of the individuals were placed in a white tank (WT) where they showed a pigmentation change to white. After being moved to another brown tank (BT2), the juveniles changed to their brown original colour, but kept a few small white spots on the dorsal axis of the body. The ventral head melanophore pattern also changed in the white specimens. Temperature (°C), oxygen (mg l−1) and Illuminance light (Lux m−2), total length (mm) and total weight (g) were determined by tank. Chromaticity was measured in L*(relative luminance) a*(measurement relating to the redness or greenness of the light) b*(measurement relating to the yellowness or blueness of the light) coordinates where all three values are required to completely describe an object’s colour. One-way ANOVA showed no differences for temperature, oxygen and illuminance light among tanks. Length and weight were similar for BT1 and WT but both were different from BT2. The white juveniles depicted similar L* as the WT background as well as the dorsal area of the brown pigmentation and converted juveniles to the brown tanks BT1 and BT2, respectively. Therefore, the fish's body relative luminance matches the background. To our knowledge this behaviour has not been reported before for any fish mullet either cultured or living in the wild.

scholarly journals Hemodynamic Instability of the Closed Fractures Femur in Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Alkhuzai
Keyword(s):  
Vital Sign ◽  
Hypovolemic Shock ◽  
Femoral Fractures ◽  
Hemodynamic Instability ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Associated Injury ◽  
Fracture Femur ◽  
Multiple Injured ◽  
Closed Fractures

Abstract Background: This is a prospective Study to assess the occurrence of hypovolemic shock in children with traumatic isolated closed fractures femur. This is common in children and adolescent as result of trivial to high energy trauma. Methods: A prospective descriptive study was performed on children with traumatic femoral fractures from the 20th of September 2015 to the 15th August 2018. Selection of 100 patients presented with isolated closed fracture femur in children, were admitted to the Sul. Emergency Hospital. Reason was to correct the old criteria of blood transfusion immediately, without suitable indication of replacement with real blood requirements. Depend on the children clinical parameters rather than on hemoglobin or hematocrit concentration; pulse rate. Systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, Skin capillary refill time, and the mental status. Excluded open fractures and bilateral fracture femur in children, also excluded any fracture associated with trauma to the body organ as associated injury. Results: There was no evidence of hemodynamic instability in the 100 patients of these type fractures, selection inclusion criteria of the study when compared with internationally accepted normal vital sign parameters. No any patients in the study had hemoglobin less than 8.5 g/dl, the vital sign between these groups were similar, 2-6% incidence with hemodynamic instability has found among multiple injured children with femoral fractures, has excluded from the study. Conclusions: No evidence of hemodynamic instability was found in children with traumatic isolated femoral fractures bone. The Hemoglobin and hematocrit ratios early were non dependable, later on not significantly decreased or change to abnormal rate. Depending on vital signs parameters in the femur bone fractures patients after exclusion of bilateral fractures femur, and associated injury or patients with compound fractures, we confirmed that isolated closed femoral fractures are hemodynamically stable.

scholarly journals Influence of Batch Mass on Formation of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy Produced by High-Energy Ball Milling

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1908
Author(s):  
Tomasz Goryczka ◽  
Piotr Salwa
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Niti Alloy ◽  
Parent Phase ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Niti Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Grinding Time

A high-energy ball milling technique was used for production of the equiatomic NiTi alloy. The grinding batch was prepared in two quantities of 10 and 20 g. The alloy was produced using various grinding times. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, hardness measurement and differential scanning calorimetry were used for materials characterization at various milling stages. The produced alloy was studied by means of microstructure, chemical and phase composition, average grain and crystallite size, crystal lattice parameters and microstrains. Increasing the batch mass to 20 g and extending the grinding time to 140 h caused the increase in the average size of the agglomerates to 700 µm while the average crystallites size was reduced to a few nanometers. Microstrains were also reduced following elongation of milling time. Moreover, when the grinding time is extended, the amount of the monoclinic phase increases at the expense of the body-centered cubic one—precursors of crystalline, the B2 parent phase and the B19′ martensite. Crystallization takes place as a multistage process, however, at temperatures below 600 °C. After crystallization, the reversible martensitic transformation occurred with the highest enthalpy value—4 or 5 J/g after 120 and 140 h milling, respectively.

Contribution of monocarboxylate transporter 12 to blood supply of creatine on the sinusoidal membrane of the hepatocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuta Jomura ◽  
Yu Tanno ◽  
Shin-ichi Akanuma ◽  
Yoshiyuki Kubo ◽  
Masanori Tachikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Monocarboxylate Transporter ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Oocyte ◽  
Inflammatory Stress ◽  
Intracellular Energy

Creatine (Cr)/phosphocreatine has the ability to buffer the high-energy phosphate, thereby contributing to intracellular energy homeostasis. As Cr biosynthetic enzyme deficiency is reported to increase susceptibility to colitis under conditions of inflammatory stress, Cr is critical for maintaining intestinal homeostasis under inflammatory stress. Cr is mainly produced in the hepatocytes and then distributed to other organs of the body by the circulatory system. Since monocarboxylate transporter 9 (MCT9) and MCT12 have been reported to accept Cr as a substrate, these transporters are proposed as candidates for Cr efflux transporter in the liver. The aim of this study was to elucidate the transport mechanism on Cr supply from the hepatocytes. Immunohistochemical staining of the rat liver sections revealed that both MCT9 and MCT12 were localized on the sinusoidal membrane of the hepatocytes. In the transport studies using Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system, [14C]Cr efflux from MCT9- or MCT12-expressing oocytes was significantly greater than that from water-injected oocytes. [14C]Cr efflux from primary cultured hepatocytes was significantly decreased following MCT12 mRNA knockdown, whereas this efflux was not decreased after mRNA knockdown of MCT9. Based on the extent of MCT12 protein downregulation and Cr efflux after knockdown of MCT12 in primary cultured rat hepatocytes, the contribution ratio of MCT12 in Cr efflux was calculated as 76.4%. Our study suggests that MCT12 substantially contributes to the efflux of Cr at the sinusoidal membrane of the hepatocytes.

Radiotherapy dose calculations in high-Z materials: comprehensive comparison between experiment, Monte Carlo, and conventional planning algorithms (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhangkai Cheng ◽  
Regina Bromley ◽  
Brad Oborn ◽  
Jeremy Booth
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Spinal Metastases ◽  
Dose Calculation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Calculation Algorithms ◽  
Dose Calculation Algorithms ◽  
Ct Density

BACKGROUND Despite spinal metastases accounting for 10% to 30% of new tumors diagnoses annually, and radiation therapy is a standard treatment technique, the studies discussing the effects of small-size spinal prostheses on spinal radiation therapy are limited. OBJECTIVE To compare the accuracies of the AAA and AcurosXB dose calculation algorithms and to predict the change in the down-stream and lateral dose deposition of high energy photons in the presence of material with densities higher that commonly found in the body. METHODS Metal rods of titanium (d =4.5g/m2), stainless steel (d=8g/cm2) and tungsten (d=19.25 g/cm2) were positioned in a phantom. Film was position behind and laterally to the rods to measure the dose distribution for a 6 MV, 18 MV and 10 FFF photon beams. A DOSXYZnrc Monte Carlo simulation of the experimental setup was performed The AAA and AcurosXB dose calculation algorithms were used to predict the dose distributions. The dose from film and DOSXYZnrc were compared with the dose predicted by AAA and AcurosXB. RESULTS AAA overestimated the dose behind the rods by 15-25% and underestimated the dose laterally to the rods by 5-15% depending on the range of materials and energies investigated. AcurosXB overestimated the dose behind the rods by 1-18% and underestimated the dose laterally to the rods by up to 5% depending on the range of material and energies investigated. CONCLUSIONS AAA cannot deliver clinically acceptable dose calculation results at a distance less than 10 mm from metals, for a single field treatment. Acuros XB is able to handle metals of low atomic numbers (Z ≤ 26), but not tungsten (Z = 74). This can be due to the restriction of the CT-density table in EclipseTM TPS, which has an upper HU limit of 10501.

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