Comparative Evaluation of Apical Sealing Ability of Different Obturation Techniques by Confocal Microscopy: An In Vitro Study

Abstract Introduction The aim of obturation in the root canal is to completely seal the canal space to eliminate all the portals of entry and exit between root canal and periodontal space. Various techniques have been developed to achieve a hermetic seal. Materials and Methods As many as 150 extracted human maxillary central incisors were taken for the study. Biomechanical preparation was done up to F5 protaper file. According to different obturation techniques, samples were divided into six groups, keeping 30 samples in experimental and 15 samples in control groups. Group I–Lateral Condensation, Group II–Thermafil, Group III–Beefill, Group IV–GuttaFlow, Group V–Positive Control group, Group VI–Negative Control group. After obturation, the samples were immersed in 2% Rhodamine-B dye for 24 hours. Each sample was longitudinally sectioned to examine under confocal laser scanning microscope. Statistical Analysis The results were evaluated with ANOVA and posthoc Tukey honest significant difference (HSD) comparison test. Results The mean values of dye penetration of different groups were Group I (Lateral Condensation) 1.51 ± 0.451, Group II (Thermafil) 0.918 ± 0.399, Group III (Beefill) 1.30 ± 0.559. Group IV (GuttaFlow) 0.655 ± 0.396, Group V (Positive Control group) 1.96 ±0.046, Group VI (Negative Control group) 0 ± 0. The lowest mean value of apical microleakage was found in GuttaFlow amongst all experimental groups. Conclusion It can be concluded that the GuttaFlow obturating material exhibited better apical sealing ability with canal walls.

Download Full-text

Immunomodulator Activity of Effervescent Granule of Wualae Fruit (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith) Based on Specific Phagocytic Activity

Borneo Journal of Pharmacy ◽

10.33084/bjop.v2i2.868 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 35-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Adryan Fristiohady ◽

Wa Ode Siti Zubaydah ◽

Wahyuni Wahyuni ◽

Mirda Mirda ◽

Saripuddin Saripuddin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phagocytic Activity ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Group Iv ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Etlingera Elatior

The previous study reported that Etlingera elatior (Wualae) has activity as immunostimulant with dose at 300 mg/kg BW and 400 mg/kg BW. Formulating natural product into effervescent granule (GE) can increase practicality and interest to consume traditional medicine. This study aims to investigate the immunostimulant activity of Wualae ethanolic extract in the effervescent granule. Wualae was macerated with ethanol then formulated into effervescent granule at dose 300 mg/kgBW and 400 mg/kgBW. Formulations were evaluated. Animals were divided into 4 groups and treated with: group I (positive control); group II (negative control); group III (GE dose at 300mg/kgBW); and group IV (GE at dose 400mg/kgBW) for 7 days and at days 8, groups were infected by Staphylococcus aureus intraperitoneally. Immunostimulant activity was measured by calculating the Specific Phagocytic Activity (SPA) of macrophage. Data collected from the evaluation and measurement of the SPA then analyzed using SPSS. Results from the evaluation were considered good except the moisture content of effervescent granule. Results from SPA was found that effervescent granule at dose 300 mg/kgBW and at dose 400 mg/kgBW have 26.33% and 32.5% consecutively with significance 0.02 (p<0.05). Thus, effervescent granule has comparable phagocytosis activity with positive control.

Download Full-text

ISONIAZID (INH)

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/18.4635 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (10) ◽

pp. 1587-1595

Author(s):

Umer Aleem ◽

Rahman Shah ◽

Noor Khan ◽

M. Suliman

Keyword(s):

Serum Bilirubin ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Protective Role ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Group 2

Objectives: Hepatotoxicity is the most complicated side effect of isoniazid (inh)in the patient treated for tuberculosis. In causes 8–30% hepatotoxicity in the developing world.Metabolism of INH produces a metabolite, called acetyl isoniazid. In this study hepatoprotectiveeffect of honey, in isoniazid induced animal model was assessed. Study Design: Randomizedcontrol trial. Setting: Saidu Medical College, Saidu Sharif Swat, KP. Period: October ToDecember 2017. Material and Methods: 40 healthy male rabbits were assigned randomly tothe group i, ii, iii and iv by using lottery method. Ten animals were grouped each row. Theisoniazid-induced hepatotoxic model was created by giving 50 mg inh/kg orally on daily basisfor eleven days. Group i was taken as negative control group ii as a positive control. Group iii andiv were experimental groups treated with 50 mg /kg/day and 100 mg /kg/day buckwheat honeyrespectively for eleven days. SPSS Version 16 software was used, mean, s.d. were determinedin all the groups. Values of serum bilirubin, sgpt, and alkaline phosphatase were comparedwith each other using pairt-test. Results: SGPT, Serum bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatasewere obtained in all the animals. Comparing group 1 negative control with group 2, 3 and 4shows statistical significance, (p=0.00). Comparing group 2 positive control with 3 and 4 showsstatistical significance, (p=0.00). Further comparing group 3 with group 4 also shows statisticalsignificance (p=0.00). Conclusion: From the above finding, it has been revealed that honeyhas got a protective effect in regressing hepatitis that has been induced in rabbit’s model byhigh doses of isoniazid. Related studies performed in which different chemicals and drugs havebeen tried for their protective role in isoniazid induced hepatitis also shows a similar type ofresults.

Download Full-text

Bovine intestinal cellular responses following primary and challenge infections with Calicophoron microbothrium metacercariae

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.4102/ojvr.v75i2.9 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 75 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

N. Mavenyengwa ◽

S. Mukaratirwa ◽

M. Obwolo ◽

J. Monrad

Keyword(s):

Mast Cells ◽

Cellular Responses ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Group Iv ◽

Control Group ◽

Post Challenge ◽

Group Iii ◽

Positive Controls

This studyw as carried out to establish whether cattle can develop resistance to re-infectionby Calicophoron microbothrium by assessing the response of intestinal mucosal globule leukocytese, osinophils, mast cells and basophils, and the establishment of the parasite in the host. A total of 241-year old Tuli steers were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each and infected with C. microbothriumm etacercariae. On the first day of the study, animals in Groups I and II were immunized with 5000 metacercariae and then challenged with 15000 metacercariae on Day 150 post immunization. Animals in Group III were immunized with 15000 metacercariae at the same time that Groups I and II animals were challenged to act as a positive control group Animals in Group IV were left uninfected and acted as a negative control group. Three animals from each group were slaughtered on Day 28 post-challenge and the remainder were slaughtered on Day 42 post-challenge. The established amphistomes were recovered and histopathological and cytological examinations were done on the jejunum, duodenuma, bomasum and the rumen. The establishment rates of the challenge infection in the immunized and challenged groups were lower and ranged from 0 to 0.2% as compared to 6% from naive animals infected as positive controls. Animals immunized and then challenged with C. microbothrium had significantly higher eosinophil, mast cell and globule leukocytes counts in the intestinal mucosa (P < 0.05) as compared to those of the control group. The study indicates that cattle can develop resistance to C. microbothrium re-infection and that eosinophils and mast cells may be important cells in the rejection of the parasite.

Download Full-text

HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF 50% ETHANOL EXTRACT OF SEAGRASS RHIZOME (CYMODOCEA ROTUNDATA) AGAINST LIVER TISSUES IN PARACETAMOL-INDUCED RATS

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2018.v10s1.53 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 240

Author(s):

Renita Dewi ◽

Raesha Dwina Malika ◽

Ade Mara Meilani ◽

Fadlina Chany Saputri

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Extract ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Group Iv ◽

Hepatoprotective Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Iii ◽

White Rats ◽

Cymodocea Rotundata

Objective: This study aimed to determine the hepatoprotective effect of 50% ethanol extract of seagrass rhizome in terms of serum glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) activities in paracetamol-induced rat plasma.Methods: This study included 28 male, white rats randomly divided into seven groups. Groups I and II represented the normal control and controlgroups, respectively, administered with 280 mg/kg BW of rhizome extract. Group III represented the negative control group induced by a suspensionof paracetamol (2g/kg BW). Group IV represented a positive control group administered with Hepa-Q® at a dosage of 150 mg/kg BW. Groups V, VI,and VII were administered with seagrass rhizome extract at doses of 140, 280, and 560 mg/kg BW, respectively, before paracetamol induction. Thetest material was orally administered for 17 days. On days 12–17, the rats were induced with paracetamol through the same route. On day 18, bloodsampling was performed followed by SGOT and SGPT plasma measurements.Results: Our results revealed that seagrass rhizome extracts could significantly decrease SGPT and SGOT levels in paracetamol-induced rats (p<0.05)compared with those in the negative control group.Conclusion: Thus, seagrass rhizome extracts possess the potential for development as a hepatoprotective agent.

Download Full-text

UJI PENURUNAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH OLEH EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% DAUN BUNCIS (Phaseolus vulgaris L) PADA KELINCI JANTAN YANG DIBEBANI GLUKOSA

Biomedika ◽

10.23917/biomedika.v4i1.257 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Desy Kurniawati ◽

EM Sutrisna ◽

Arifah Sri Wahyuni

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Group Iii ◽

Trust Level ◽

Group I

This research aim to know the descent of blood glucose rate by extract etanol 70% of bean leaf at male rabbit which induced glucose. Research using the method test glucose tolerance of oral was including category research of sham eksperimental with complete random attempt device of unidirectional pattern. This research use 20 male rabbits which divided in 5 treatment group. Group I given by CMC Na 1% as negative control, group II given by acarbose suspensi 2,33 mg/kgBB as positive control, group III, IV and V given by extract etanol 70% bean leaf with each dose 200, 300 and 450 mg/kgBB. Treatment given at once after test animal induced glucose 50% ( 5 ml/1,5 kgBB). Glucose blood rate to define every 30 minute, 0 minute until 300 minutes by using method of enzimatik GOD PAP (Glucose Oxidase Phenol Aminoantipyrina Peroxidase), what was later then analysed with one track Anava and continued by test of LSD (Least Significant Diffeerence) with trust level 95%. Extract etanol 70% bean leaf with dose 200, 300 and 450 mg/kgBB have effect descent of blood glucose rate to negative control of CMC Na 1% (p = 0,000) with each percentage descent of blood glucose rate (% PKGD) 80,88 ± 0,93 ; 82,73 ± 0,67 and 85,32 ± 0,21.Keyword : Extract etanol 70%, bean leaf (Phaseolus vulgaris L), degradation of glucose rate

Download Full-text

Analgesic Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Karika Leaves (Carica pubescens) In Vivo

JPSCR Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research ◽

10.20961/jpscr.v1i2.1938 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 83 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Heru Sasongko ◽

Sugiyarto Sugiyarto ◽

Nur Rohman Efendi ◽

Diah Pratiwi ◽

Ahmad Dwi Setyawan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Analgesic Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Chemically Induced

Karika (Carica pubescens)is a typical plant of the Dieng plateau. Previous study showed that Caricapubescenscontains chemical compound such as flavonoid that play role in analgesic activity. This study was aimed to determine the analgesic activity of etanolic extracts of karika leaves) in vivo using writhing method. The study was conducted on 25 male mice strain Swiss-Webster (20-30 g, 2-3 months) that were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group I was given distilled water 1 mL (p.o) as negative control, group II was given tramadol 50 mg/kgBW (p.o) as positive control, and group III-V received an etanolic extracts of karika leaves in 3 doses, i.e. 20 mg/kgBW, 40 mg/kgBW, and 80 mg/kgBW (p.o), respectively. Acetic acid 0,5% (v/v) was used as pain inductor. The writhe was observed within 1 hour. Data analysis was carried out by using one way ANOVA. The result showed that the ethanol extract of leaves Karika (Carica pubescens) have activity as an analgesic at a dose of 20 mg / kg, 40 mg / kg and 80 mg / KgBW (p <0.05), chemically induced, where a dose of 80 mg / KgBW (p.o) produce the most high analgesic activity.

Download Full-text

Uji Efektifitas Ekstrak Kulit Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) Terhadap Mencit (Mus musculus) Sebagai Anti Inflamasi

Lumbung Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian ◽

10.31764/lf.v1i2.2559 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 80

Author(s):

Ilham Maulana ◽

Ajeng Kurniati Roddu ◽

Suriani Suriani

Keyword(s):

Diclofenac Sodium ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Group V ◽

Group I ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Group 5

ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian uji efektifitas ekstrak etanol kulit petai dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui efek anti inflamasi dari ekstrak etanol kulit petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk).Pengujian dilakukan terhadap hewan uji mencit dengan melihat volume udem telapak kaki dari mencit, yang sebelumnya di induksi oleh putih telur 1%. Perhitungan hasil pengujian menggunakan uji analisis varians dan uji newman - keuls. Pengujian dilakukan dengan membagi 5 kelompok penguian, kelompok I dengan pemberian Na.CMC 1 % sebagai kelompok kontrol negatif kelompok II dengan pemberian suspensi ekstrak etanol kulit petai dengan konsentrasi 1 %, kelompok III dengan konsentrasi 3%, kelompok IV dengan konsentrasi 5% dan kelompok V dengan pemberian suspensi natrium diklofenak 0,195%b/v sebagai kelompok kontrol positif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kulit petai dengan konsentrasi 1%, 3%, dan 5% memiliki efek sebagai anti inflamsi.Kata Kunci: Ekstrak Etanol; Kulit Petai; Anti Inflamasi; Mencit.ABSTRACTHas conducted research Study On Effectiveness of Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) Extract, with the aim to determine the anti -inflammatory effect of the ethanol petai extract (Parkia speciosa Hassk). Testing forum mice to test animals by looking at the volume of foot edema of mice , which previously induced by egg white 1 %. Calculations results of testing using analysis of variance test and test newman – keuls. Testing is done by dividing the testing group 5, group I with giving Na. CMC 1% as a negative control, group II and group administration of ethanol extract of petai suspension with a concentration of 1%, group III with a concentration 3%, group IV with a concentration 5% and the group V with the provison of 0,195% diclofenac sodium suspension as the positive control group. The result showed that the ethanol extract of petai with concentration of 1%, 3%, and 5% have anti – Inflamamatory effect.Keywords: Extract Ethanol; Petai; Anti Inflammatory; Mice.

Download Full-text

Pengujian Efektivitas Penyembuhan Luka Mencit Diabetes Melitus Yang Diberikan Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Etanol Daun Bandotan

SCIENTIA : Jurnal Farmasi dan Kesehatan ◽

10.36434/scientia.v6i1.42 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 50

Author(s):

Ria Afrianti ◽

Dedi Nofiandi ◽

Dira Dira ◽

Widya Ulfa

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Collagen Fibers ◽

Group Iv ◽

Ageratum Conyzoides ◽

Group V ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I

Bandotan plants (Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L.) commonly used as agent in the treatment of inflammatory, wound, and also used used as analgesic, stimulant and tonic. In this study we carried out a test of the effectiveness of the cream (w/o) of ethanolic extract of bandotan leaves in wound healing in streptozocin-induced hyperglycemia mice. Animals were divided into five groups: Group I (without induced, given cream base w/o), group II (induced, given cream base w/o), group III (induced, given cream containing 3% extract), group IV (induced, given cream containing 5% extract) and group V (induced, given cream containing 7% extract). Animals also divided into three subgroups based on time of decapitation on 7th, 14th and 21th days. The parameters observed were the percentage of wound healing and collagen fibers density scores. Results were analyzed by Two-Way ANOVA. The results showed that the cream in concentration of 3%, 5% and 7% could affect wound healing in hyperglycemia mice. The percentage of wound healing of the cream in concentration of 3%, 5% and 7% were significantly different (p<0,05) with positive control, and density scores of collagen fibers was also significantly different (p<0,05) from the positive control and negative control. However, the best results was obtained from cream containing 5% extract which perrcentage of wound healing reached 98.5% on 21th day and got a score of 3 for density of collagen fibers that had been formed on the 14th day.

Download Full-text

UJI EFEK ANALGESIK EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG POHON MATOA (Pometia pinnata) PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus)

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.3.2.2015.8620 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rafly F. Lumintang ◽

Jane Wuisan ◽

Pemsy M. Wowor

Keyword(s):

Mus Musculus ◽

Analgesic Effect ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Treated Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I

Abstract: Pain is an unpleasant sensation that derives from the complex neurochemical processes in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Side effects of drugs inter alia opioids and NSAIDs can cause serious disorders, therefore, it is necessary to find and develop other effective analgesic drugs with low toxicity. In Indonesia, matoa (Pometia pinnata) is known as a typical plant in Papua especially in West Papua. In some countries, parts of matoa plants are used as traditional medicine. This study aimed to determine the analgesic effect of matoa bark extract (Pometia pinnata) on mice Mus musculus. This was an experimental study. Nine male mice weighed 30 g were divided into 3 groups, each consisted of 3 mice. Group I, the negative control group, was given aquadest; group II, the positive control group, was given aspirin solution; and group III, the treated group, was given matoa bark extract. Analgesic effect was determined by counting the mice movements (licking their back legs or jumping) during 1 minute in a beaker with a temperature of 550C. The results showed that after 30 minutes the average number of movements of the treated group decreased from 22 times to 19.3 times, and continued to decrease until 1 movement after 120 minutes. Conclusion: Matoa bark extract showed analgesic effect on mice Mus musculus.Keywords: analgesic effect, matoa bark, miceAbstrak: Nyeri adalah sensasi yang tidak menyenangkan yang berasal dari proses neurokimia kompleks di sistem saraf pusat dan perifer. Opioid dan golongan AINS dapat menimbulkan efek samping yang cukup berat; oleh karena itu, diperlukan obat analgesik yang efektif dengan toksisitas rendah. Di Indonesia, matoa (Pometia pinnata) dikenal sebagai tanaman khas Papua terutama Papua Barat. Di beberapa negara, bagian-bagian dari tanaman matoa telah digunakan sebagai obat tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek analgesik ekstrak kulit batang pohon matoa (Pometia pinnata) pada mencit Mus musculus. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental. Sembilan ekor mencit jantan dengan berat rata-rata 30 g dibagi atas 3 kelompok hewan uji yang masing-masing terdiri dari 3 ekor mencit. Kelompok I yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif diberikan akuades; kelompok II yaitu kelompok kontrol positif diberikan larutan aspirin; dan kelompok III yaitu kelompok perlakuan diberikan ekstrak kulit batang matoa. Efek analgesik berupa jumlah gerakan mencit selama 1 menit saat diletakan di dalam beker dengan suhu tetap 550C. Gerakan yang dihitung berupa gerakan menjilat kaki belakang atau meloncat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada menit ke-30 terjadi penurunan rerata jumlah respon gerakan mencit dari 22 kali menjadi 19,3 kali yang terus berkurang hingga menit ke-120 dimana hanya terdapat 1 gerakan. Simpulan: Ekstrak kulit batang pohon matoa memiliki efek analgesik pada mencit Mus musculus.Kata kunci: efek analgesik, kulit batang matoa, mencit

Download Full-text

Test of Activities of Hepatoprotector of Senggani Leaf Ethanol Extract (Melastoma Malabathricum L.) ON RAT (Rattus Novergicus) That Induced by Paracetamol

Biospecies ◽

10.22437/biospecies.v12i2.7073 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Yustina Yasnidar Laia ◽

Yoridha Aulia ◽

Mita Sahara ◽

Maxwel Simanjuntak Masdalena

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Extract ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Ethanol Solution ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Iii ◽

Melastoma Malabathricum ◽

Group I

Senggani leaves (Melastoma Malabathricum L.) are easily available plans that are sometimes used as traditional medicine. This study aimed to determine the hepatotective activity of the ethanol of senggani leaves (Melastoma Malabathricum L.) on rats (Rattus Novergicus) induced by paracetamol with histopatological parameters. Making extracts was carried out by maceration using 96% ethanol solution. The test animals used were 30 rats (Rattus Novergicus) which were divided into 6 groups. Group I without treatment, group II as negative control, group III as positive control, and group IV, V, and VI who were given senggani leaf extract, respectively 100 mg/Kg bb, 200 mg/Kg bb, and 400 mg/Kg bb for 7 day. On the 8 day all rats except group I, were induced paracetamol 180 mg/200 gr bb as the parent of liver demage. The resulst showed that the ethanol extract of senggani leaves at a dose of 400 mg/Kg bb was the most effective in hepatoprotective activity compared to a dose of 100 mg/Kg bb, and 200 mg/Kg bb with histopathological parameters induced by paracetamol.

Download Full-text