scholarly journals Evaluation of Toxicity and Antioxidant Property of Cassia fistula Stem Bark Extracts in Zebrafish

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Shreya Udaya ◽  
Nishith Babu ◽  
Dechamma Pandyanda Nanjappa ◽  
Krithika Kalladka ◽  
Gunimala Chakraborty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Stress Models

Abstract Objective This study was aimed at evaluating the toxicity and the antioxidant property of Cassia fistula stem bark extracts in zebrafish. Materials and Methods Crude aqueous and ethanol extracts of C. fistula stem bark were obtained following a standard solvent-based extraction method. The toxicity of these extracts on zebrafish embryonic development was determined and the LC50 values were calculated. Finally, the antioxidant property of C. fistula stem bark extracts was determined in arsenic-induced oxidative stress models of zebrafish. Results The aqueous extract of C. fistula stem bark showed a slightly larger LC50 value (213.6 ppm) compared with the ethanol extract (LC50 = 63.5 ppm), suggesting a lower toxicity of the aqueous extract. A significant reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal was observed in arsenic-exposed embryos treated with the aqueous extract, but not the ethanol extract, indicating that the antioxidant activity is present only in the aqueous extract of C. fistula stem bark. Conclusion Identification of antioxidants from natural sources is desirable because of increasing safety concerns associated with synthetic antioxidants. This study demonstrated that aqueous extract from C. fistula stem bark possesses antioxidant properties, which can be further characterized for mechanism of action and potential applications.

scholarly journals Isolation of Betulinic acid from the stem bark and root of Uapaca guineensis

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrazaq Ogunmoye
Keyword(s):  
Betulinic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Pentacyclic Triterpenoid ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Isolated Compound

Uapaca guineensis Mull. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) commonly called false mahogany and “Ewe akun” in the western part of Nigeria grows in humid localities, mixed evergreen forest and sea-level up to 1100 m altitude. The study was designed to isolate Betulinic acid (3?-hydroxylup-20-(29)-en-28-oic acid) which is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid that exhibited antibacterial, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic and antioxidant properties from the stem bark and root of Uapaca guineensis. The air-dried and pulverized stem bark and root of U. guineensis (0.5 kg each) were separately extracted with aqueous ethanol (80%) for 72 hour at room temperature, filtered, concentrated on rotatory evaporator at 37 oC and then stored in a desiccator. The ethanol extracts of the stem bark was partitioned successively with n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol, while ethanol extract of the root was chromatographed directly. The dichloromethane and methanol extracts of the stem bark was also chromatographed. These results in the formation of whitish powder that are UV inactive and also gave single spot each with cerium sulphate. They are coded as DBG-D13 (25.0 mg), MBG-Q3 (6.1 mg) and ERG-E7 (20.0 mg) for dichloromethane, Methanol and Ethanol extracts respectively. The structure was unequivocally established by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, 2D-NMR, IR, UV and MS spectra analysis as well as by comparison of the spectra data with previously reported values. The dichloromethane, methanol and the ethanol extracts all yielded betulinic acid in substantial quantity. The isolated compound is a confirmation to existing information and an addition to the library of organic compounds.

Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of Algerian Medicago Sativa L. Water, Ethenol and Chloroform extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Hanane Megdad ◽  
Samuel Chiomokhare ◽  
Ahmed M’Hamedi ◽  
Paul L Chazot
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Plant natural products have a long history of being a rich source of neuroactive drugs.The total phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of ethanol, chloroform and aqueous extracts of AlgerianMedicagoSativaL, leaves were measured to discover new potential sources of Algerian natural antioxidants and neuroactives. All extracts were non-neurotoxic up to 1 mg/ ml for 24 h exposure. The total phenolcontent of M.Sativa extracts ranged between 38 and 69 mg GAE per g extracts. All of the extracts displayed antioxidant capacityassessed by two methods, but at different levels depending on the concentration and the extraction solvent used. The overall antioxidant potency was in the order water > chloroform> ethanol extracts, and the phenolic content exhibited a positive correlation with the antioxidant activity of M. Sativa extracts.Despite a weaker antioxidant activity, the ethanol extract elicited a calcium spike and suppressed the KCl-induced depolarisation response in neurons, indicating effect on ligand-and/or voltage gated calcium channels. In contrast, the chloroform and water extractsdisplayed no apparent direct functional effects. In conclusion, the antioxidant and functional properties related to phenolic content of Algerian Medicago Sativa L. in water and ethanol extracts, respectively.

scholarly journals Comparison of Efficacies of Different Jakyakgamcho-tang Extracts on H2O2-Induced C2C12 Cell Viability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Sook Kim ◽  
Heung Joo Yuk ◽  
Dong-Seon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Oxidative stress is a major contributor to muscle aging and loss of muscle tissue. Jakyakgamcho-tang has been used in traditional Eastern medicine to treat muscle pain. Here, we compared various solvent-based Jakyakgamcho-tang extracts in terms of their effects against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in murine C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content in 30% ethanol extracts of Jakyakgamcho-tang were higher than those of water extracts of Jakyakgamcho-tang. Ethanol extracts of Jakyakgamcho-tang had stronger antioxidant and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid and 2,2´-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-scavenging activity than water extracts of Jakyakgamcho-tang. The ethanol extract of Jakyakgamcho-tang inhibited peroxide-induced cell viability and intracellular reactive oxygen species generation more effectively than the water extract of Jakyakgamcho-tang in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the ethanol extract of Jakyakgamcho-tang is relatively more efficacious at protecting against oxidative stress-induced muscle cell death because it prevents reactive oxygen species generation in C2C12 cells. Moreover, the current study indicated that the effective dose of the ethanol extract of Jakyakgamcho-tang required to alleviate muscle pain might be lower than that required for Jakyakgamcho-tang.

scholarly journals Phytochemistry and GC-MS screening and biocidal potentiality of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) pods against mosquitos’ larvae

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 083-089
Author(s):  
Dalia Mustafa M. Elbashir ◽  
Mutaman AA Kehail ◽  
Yasir Mohamed Abdelrahim ◽  
Abdelmonem Eltiyab H Ali
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Mosquito Nets ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Components

Many measures have been used for mosquito control, including the elimination of breeding places, exclusion via window screens and mosquito nets in addition to natural products including clove (Syzygium aromaticum). This study was run at University of Gezira, Sudan, to run phytochemical and GC-MS screening for clove pods before used it as mosquito control agent. The standard methods, materials and devices were used to screen the phytochemical components and the chemical constituents (GC-MS). The WHO protocol for testing the susceptibility of mosquito’s larvae to insecticides was followed in bioassay. The aqueous and the ethanol extracts from clove pods were prepared and used against Anopheles, Culex and Aedes larvae. The results showed that, Aedes mosquito was relatively more susceptible (LC50= 498 mg/L) to clove aqueous extract than Anopheles (LC50= 561 mg/L) and Culex (LC50= 615 mg/L), and similar findings were observed for clove pods ethanol extract, which is relatively more potent than the aqueous extract. The biocidal activity can be attributed to the presence of the detected saponins, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. The GC-MS for the ethanol extract showed that, the principal compounds were Eugenol (81%) and caryophyllene (4.65%). Further studies should be run to improve knowledge about how to use this natural product in more economic trends.

scholarly journals Phenolic Profile, Toxicity, Enzyme Inhibition, In Silico Studies, and Antioxidant Properties of Cakile maritima Scop. (Brassicaceae) from Southern Portugal

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Placines ◽  
Viana Castañeda-Loaiza ◽  
Maria João Rodrigues ◽  
Catarina G. Pereira ◽  
Azzurra Stefanucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Cakile Maritima ◽  
Southern Portugal ◽  
Kaempferol Glycosides ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Cakile maritima Scop. (sea rocket) is an edible halophyte plant with several ethnomedicinal uses. This work reports the chemical profile and bioactivities of food grade extracts from sea rocket organs. Toxicity was determined on mammalian cells, and phenolic profiling and the quantitation of the main metabolites were made by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Enzymatic inhibition was determined towards acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase (AChE, BuChE), α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and tyrosinase. Docking studies were performed to tyrosinase, on the major metabolites, and samples were tested for antioxidant properties. Extracts were not toxic, were constituted mainly by flavonoids, and some compounds (roseoside and oleuropein) are here described for the first time in the species. The aerial organs’ ethanol extract had relevant activity towards 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH, half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 0.59 mg/mL], and ferric-reducing activity power (FRAP, IC50 = 0.99 mg/mL). All samples were more active towards AChE than on BuChE. The ethanol fruits’ extract inhibited α-glucosidase [2.19 mmol of equivalent of acarbose (ACAE)/g]. Samples were active against tyrosinase, especially the aerial organs’ ethanol extracts [25.9 mg of equivalent of kojic acid (KAE)/g]. Quercetin and kaempferol glycosides fit well into the enzymatic pocket of tyrosinase. Our results suggest sea rocket as a candidate to be further explored as a source of bioactive products.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Prophylactic Effects ofDelonix elataL., Stem Bark Extracts, and Flavonoid Isolated Quercetin against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeepa Krishnappa ◽  
Krishna Venkatarangaiah ◽  
Venkatesh ◽  
Santosh Kumar Shivamogga Rajanna ◽  
Rajesh Kashi Prakash Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition

Delonix elataL. (Ceasalpinaceae), is widely used by the traditional medical practitioners of Karnataka, India, to cure jaundice, and bronchial and rheumatic problems. The objective of this study was to screen thein vitroantioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of the stem bark extracts against CCl4-induced liver damage in rats. Among different stem bark extracts tested, the ethanol extract (DSE) has shown significantin vitroantioxidant property in radicals scavenging, metal chelating, and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. HPLC analysis of the DSE revealed the presence of known antioxidant molecules, namely, gallic acid, ellagic acid, coumaric acid, quercetin, and rutin. Bioassay-guided fractionation of DSE has resulted in the isolation and characterization of quercetin. DSE and quercetin have shown significant prophylactic effects by restoring the liver function markers (AST, ALT, ALP, serum bilirubin, and total protein) and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST). These results were proved to be hepatoprotective at par with silymarin and well supported by the histological observations of liver sections with distinct hepatic cells, and mild degree of fatty change and necrosis. The results indicated that the DSE and quercetin were significant for prophylactic activity against CCl4-induced liver damage in rats. This activity could be attributed to the antioxidant constituents in the DSE and hence justified the ethnomedicinal claims.

In vitro antifilarial activity of extracts of the medicinal plant Cardiospermum halicacabum against Brugia pahangi

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Khunkitti ◽  
Y. Fujimaki ◽  
Y. Aoki
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Brugia Pahangi ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Antifilarial Activity

AbstractThe in vitro effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts of the medicinal plant Cardiospermum halicacabum on adult worms and microfilariae of Brugia pahangi were investigated. With or without the plant extracts in culture medium, the motility of adult worms, microfilariae and microfilarial release from female worms were monitored daily. After 7 days of culture, viability or tissue damage of adult worms was assessed using the MTT assay. At > 500 μg ml-1, the aqueous extract significantly reduced motility of adult females after 24 h of exposure and adult males after 3 days. The aqueous extract, at > 500 μg ml-1, also significantly reduced microfilarial release from female worms, starting on day 2. The reduction in the motility of adult worms and the pattern of microfilarial release from female worms were concentration and time dependent. The MTT assay results revealed that adult worms cultured in the presence of aqueous extracts at > 500 μg ml-1 were damaged. However, the aqueous extract did not affect the motility of microfilariae with the exception of those in higher concentration extracts. Higher concentrations of ethanol extracts (2 mg ml-1) inhibited both the motility of adult worms and the release of microfilariae from females. Little effect of ethanol extracts was detected by the MTT assay, as only slight damage was caused to worms exposed only to the highest concentration (2 mg ml-1). However, ethanol extract at 500 μg ml-1 rapidly reduced the motility of microfilariae on day 2. The present study revealed that an aqueous extract of C. halicacabum has mild but definite direct macrofilaricidal action on B. pahangi.

scholarly journals Extraction and Preformulation Study of Deer Antler Velvet Extract:Physical Characterization of Aqueous and Ethanol Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hariyadi D M ◽  
Setyawan D ◽  
Suciati D1 ◽  
Widyowati R ◽  
Chang H-I ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Deer Antler ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Preformulation Study

Objective: The aim of the research was to extract the deer antler velvet from Kalimantan Indonesia and to study physical characteristics between 70% ethanol and aqueous extract. Materials and methods: Ethanol extracts was extracted from deer antler velvet using maceration and modified maceration method. Ethanol extracts were compared to aqueous extract which produced using maceration technique. The extract profiles were determined by screening test and physicochemical properties as preformulation study were characterized using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), X-ray diffractometer, differential thermal analysis (DTA), solubility test, BCA protein content, and molecular weight using SDS PAGE assay. Results: Extracts were successfully prepared and determined. Physicochemical properties of 70% ethanol extract and aqueous extract resulted different characteristics in melting point, solubility, crystallinity and protein content. Both ethanol extract and aqueous deer antler velvet extract contained group compounds of terpenoids and steroids and contains high amount of proteins at molecular weight of 17 to 43 kDa. In terms of crystallinity, ethanol and aqueous extracts had different crystal lattices. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of deer antler velvet was then recommended for further in vitro drug formulation and characterization. The molecular weight of majority protein inside aqueous deer antler velvet extract was 17 kDa and this datas will be useful for further drug formulation

scholarly journals Evaluation Of In Vitro Antioxidant, Phytochemical and Gc-Ms Analysis of Aqueous Extract of Solanum Dasyphyllum Fruits

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Otor Matthew ◽  
◽  
Tosin Fabunmi ◽  
Ofikwu Idoko ◽  
Bakare Ebun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Ms Analysis

Phytochemicals, antioxidant and the bioactive compounds present in the fruits of Solanum dasyphullum was investigated. Several phytochemicals such as saponins, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids and cardiac glycosides were detected. A total of 172 compounds were identified by GC-MS. Phenols, spermine, 2, 5- dimethylfuran and 2-methyl-1-hexadecanol were all identified. These compounds are known to have antioxidant property which may be responsible for the antioxidant property of the fruit extract. It was observed that the fruits extract exhibit antioxidant properties. The scavenging activity increases with the concentration of the extract with the following percentage scavenging activity; 200µg(90%),133µg (78%), 100 µg(69%), 67 µg(48), 33 µg(26.7%), 20 µg(18), 7 µg(7%). Compounds identified in the fruits of Solanum dasyphylum can be isolated and used as an antioxidant. Keywords: Solanum dasyphylum, oxidation, antioxidant and extracts.

scholarly journals Aqueous Extract of Cocoa Phenolic Compounds Protects Differentiated Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells from Oxidative Stress

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1266
Author(s):  
Noelia Carballeda Sangiao ◽  
Susana Chamorro ◽  
Sonia de Pascual-Teresa ◽  
Luis Goya
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes

Cocoa is a rich source of polyphenols, especially flavanols and procyanidin oligomers, with antioxidant properties, providing protection against oxidation and nitration. Cocoa phenolic compounds are usually extracted with methanol/ethanol solvents in order to obtain most of their bioactive compounds; however, aqueous extraction seems more representative of the physiological conditions. In this study, an aqueous extract of cocoa powder has been prepared and chemically characterized, and its potential protective effect against chemically-induced oxidative stress has been tested in differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Neuronal-like cultured cells were pretreated with realistic concentrations of cocoa extract and its major monomeric flavanol component, epicatechin, and then submitted to oxidative stress induced by a potent pro-oxidant. After one hour, production of reactive oxygen species was evaluated by two different methods, flow cytometry and in situ fluorescence by a microplate reader. Simultaneously, reduced glutathione and antioxidant defense enzymes glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were determined and the results used for a comparative analysis of both ROS (reactive oxygen species) methods and to test the chemo-protective effect of the bioactive products on neuronal-like cells. The results of this approach, never tested before, validate both analysis of ROS and indicate that concentrations of an aqueous extract of cocoa phenolics and epicatechin within a physiological range confer a significant protection against oxidative insult to neuronal-like cells in culture.

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