scholarly journals Trend of Head and Neck Cancers in a National Tertiary Cancer Hospital of Nepal from 2012 to 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 236-240
Author(s):  
Gambhir Shrestha ◽  
Bhola Siwakoti ◽  
Rashmi Mulmi ◽  
Dejkumar Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Cancer Hospital

Abstract Introduction Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are increasing in Nepal and have become a major public health issue. This study aims to describe the trend of HNCs in a national tertiary cancer hospital in Nepal. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with secondary data analysis conducted at B.P Koirala Memorial Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal. The data were obtained from the medical record section and included all new HNC cases registered from 2012 to 2017. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 17. Subgroup analysis was done according to age, gender, site, and year. Results A total of 4,582 new HNCs were registered, of which 3,097 (67.6%) were males and 1,482 (32.4%) were females. Lip and oral cavity cancers (46.5%) were the most common HNCs followed by tonsil and pharynx (18.0%) and larynx (15.8%). The trend of HNCs shows a steady rise in incidence with difference according to the sites. HNCs were more common among males than females except for thyroid cancer. The most common age group was 60 to 74 years. Conclusions The trend of HNCs is increasing in Nepal especially oral cancers. Awareness of risk factors, effective screening programs, and comprehensive treatment should be focused to decrease the burden of HNCs.

scholarly journals Clinical Profile of Paediatric Head and Neck Cancers at a Tertiary Hospital in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Zephania Saitabau Abraham ◽  
Enica Richard Massawe ◽  
Aveline Aloyce Kahinga ◽  
Kassim Babu Mapondella ◽  
Willybroad Augustine Massawe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Childhood Cancers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Stages ◽  
Night Sweats

Background Paediatric head and neck cancers represent an important group of childhood cancers that require maximum attention at large. They are often diagnosed at advanced clinical stages at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH). Objective To describe the clinical profile of paediatric head and neck cancers at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania Method A hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 180 paediatric patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS program version 21. Results A total of 180 paediatric patients were recruited where 61.1% were males and 38.9% were females. Majority belonged to the age group 0-5 years (53.9%). A total of 10 primary anatomical sites were found with the neck (cervical lymph node) predominating (36.1%), followed by the orbit/eye (34.4%) and the least anatomical sites were oral cavity (1.1%) and parapharyngeal space (0.5%). Leukocoria (93.9%), red eye (93.9%) and orbital cellulitis (77.6%) predominated in retinoblastoma but in patients with lymphomas, predominant features were night sweats (100%), weight loss (100%) and fevers (95.8%). Conclusion The clinical profile depicted in this study appears to correlate with advanced clinical stages. Keywords: Paediatric; Head; Neck Cancers; Muhimbili; Tanzania

scholarly journals Incidence of variant hemoglobins in newborns attended by a public health laboratory

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Mylla de Sousa Reis ◽  
Renata Rodrigues de Oliveira Castelo Branco ◽  
Amanda Mota Conceição ◽  
Letícia Paula Benvindo Trajano ◽  
José Felipe Pinheiro do Nascimento Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Screening ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Entre Rios

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the incidence of variant hemoglobins in different health regions. Methods A descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach based on secondary data in the internal records of the neonatal screening service - Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Piauí (PI, Brazil). The variables related to sex, ethnicity and positive diagnosis for variant hemoglobins were analyzed, with further population distribution of hemoglobinopathies among the macroregions of the state. Results A total of 69,180 samples of newborns were analyzed, and 3,747 were diagnosed as hemoglobinopathies, from February 1st, 2014 and December 31st, 2015. Sickle cell trait was the most frequent (4.1%), followed by hemoglobinopathy C in 0.9%; homozygous hemoglobin S cases 0.1% stood out and there were no cases of hemoglobinopathy D in the state. It is also worth noting that the highest frequencies of hemoglobin alterations in Piauí were in males (49.8%) and of parda skin color (38.5%). The region of Piauí presenting the highest incidence of heteroygous variant hemoglobins was Tabuleiros do Alto Parnaíba and Vale do Sambito, due to importance of the region's population Entre Rios. Conclusion Neonatal screening programs are important for screening, orientations regarding health actions and monitoring of families with hemoglobinopathies, in order to reduce morbidity and mortality rates.

scholarly journals Clinico-pathological profile of paediatric head and neck cancers in Tanzania: Findings from the country’s largest tertiary hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1142
Author(s):  
Zephania Saitabau Abraham ◽  
Daudi Ntunaguzi ◽  
Aveline Aloyce Kahinga ◽  
Henry Swai ◽  
Siwillis Mithe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
High Data ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Age Range

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world and the largest burden occurs in developing countries where such burden of infectious diseases is also high. Data on the clinico-pathological profile of paediatric head and neck cancers is scarce in Tanzania. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Tanzania to characterize such profile.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A hospital based descriptive cross sectional study was conducted involving 180 pediatric patients at Muhimbili National Hospital. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS program version 21.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 180 paediatric patients were recruited where 61.1% were males with a male to female ratio of 1.57:1 and majority fell into the 0-5years age range (53.9%). Ten primary anatomical sites were found with the neck (cervical lymph node) (36.1%) predominating followed by the orbit/eye (34.4%) and the least common site was parapharyngeal space (0.5%). The neck was more affected in patients aged 6-11 years with a diagnosis of lymphomas (98.5%) whereas the orbit was affected predominantly in those aged 0-5 years (90.3%) by retinoblastoma (79%). The predominant histocytopathological variant was lymphoma (52.8%) and the least was Langerhans cell histiocytosis (0.6%). Lymphomas and retinoblastoma occurred commonly in males (70.53% and 53.06% respectively) but sarcomas showed no gender predilection. Lymphomas (32.6%) and retinoblastomas (93.9%) predominated in patients aged 6-11 years and 0-5 years respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Lymphomas, retinoblastomas and sarcomas were more predominant in paediatric patients similar to what has been reported in various reports elsewhere.</p>

scholarly journals Empty shelves: selected essential medicines stockouts in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Wolvaardt ◽  
R Nemuntandani ◽  
I Kamungoma-Dada
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antiretroviral Medication

Abstract Background Access to essential medicines in South Africa has been compromised by stockouts in health facilities. This study describes the occurrence of stockouts for a selection of essential medicines. Methods This cross-sectional study used secondary data retrieved from the Stop Stock Outs Project (SSP). A descriptive analysis was conducted on data from the 2013-2015 SSP case management database of routinely reported stockouts. Chi square tests of independence was conducted on data from the SSP 2015 annual telephonic survey to investigate associations between the occurrence of stockouts, the level of health facility and the type of health professional. Results 231 facilities reported 609 stockouts. Antiretroviral medication had the most stockout reports (78%; n = 475/609), followed by anti-infectives (17.1%; n = 104/609) and tuberculosis medication (4.9%; n = 30/609). The highest number of stockout reports were received from Gauteng province and the majority (71.09%; n = 150/211) of facilities reporting stockouts were in urban areas. There were more stockouts at ambulatory, rather than inpatient care, facilities however, this was not statistically significant. Conclusions This study confirms that South Africa experiences medicine stockouts for many of the essential medicines, with antiretroviral medication being the category most affected. The stockouts vary between provinces and the urban-rural divide but are an equal threat to both ambulatory and inpatient facilities. Key messages The pattern of stockouts experienced over a three-year period suggest that stockouts are ‘normal’ despite the substantive effects of treatment interruption – especially patients with HIV and/or TB. Antiretroviral therapy is at risk as a result of stockouts.

scholarly journals Dating Violence Victimization among Adolescents in Europe: Baseline Results from the Lights4Violence Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Carmen Vives-Cases ◽  
Belén Sanz-Barbero ◽  
Alba Ayala ◽  
Vanesa Pérez-Martínez ◽  
Miriam Sánchez-SanSegundo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dating Violence ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hostile Sexism ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Programs ◽  
Probabilistic Sample ◽  
Socioeconomic Risk ◽  
Main Factor

Dating violence (DV) among adolescents is a public health issue because of its negative health consequences. In this study, we aimed to analyse the prevalence and the psychosocial and socioeconomic risk and protective factors associated DV among male and female adolescents in Europe. It was performed a cross-sectional study based on a non-probabilistic sample of 1555 students aged 13–16 years (2018–2019). The global prevalence of DV victimization was significantly greater among girls than boys (girls: 34.1%, boys: 26.7%; p = 0.012). The prevalence of DV in both girls and boys was greater for those over age 15 (girls: 48.5% p < 0.001; boys: 35.9%; p = 0.019). There was an increased likelihood of DV victimization among girls whose fathers did not have paid employment (p = 0.024), who suffered abuse in childhood, and reported higher Benevolent Sexism [PR (CI 95%): 1.01 (1.00–1.03)] and machismo [1.02 (1.00–1.05)]. In the case of boys, the likelihood of DV increased with abuse in childhood (p = 0.018), lower parental support [0.97 (0.96–0.99)], high hostile sexism scores (p = 0.019), lower acceptance of violence (p = 0.009) and high machismo (p < 0.001). Abuse in childhood was shown to be the main factor associated with being a victim of DV in both population groups, as well as sexism and machismo attitudes. These results may contribute to future DV prevention school programs for both, teenagers and children of elementary school ages.

Epidemiology of needlestick injuries among health-care workers in Awassa City, Southern Ethiopia

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moges Tadesse ◽  
Takele Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Needlestick Injury ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Needlestick Injuries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Workers

Accidental needlestick injuries sustained by health-care workers are a common occupational hazard and a public health issue in health-care settings. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted and 30.9% of health-care workers had experienced at least one needlestick injury in the previous year.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE PROVISION OF SOCIAL WORK SERVICES FOR CANCER PATIENTS AT THE VIETNAM NATIONAL CANCER HOSPITAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
Nam Pham Tien
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Policy Regimes ◽  
Financial Factor ◽  
Cancer Hospital ◽  
Depth Interviews

The provision of social work service for cancer patients is facing many challenges. Therefore, this study aims to explore factors affecting the provision of social work services for cancer patients at the Vietnam National Cancer Hospital. This is a cross-sectional study that used 10 in-depth interviews, and three focus group discussions to collect data. Our findings showed that the factors such as specialized qualifications of social workers, available facilities, the network of social work collaborators, finance, and policy regimes hindered the provision of social work services for cancer patients at the hospital. Meanwhile, the financial factor contributed to promote social work services for cancer patients at the hospital. Besides, the demands for the provision of social work services for cancer patients were one of the factors that should be considered in the coming time. Our study suggested stakeholders pay more attention to these factors.

http://theicph.com/id_ID/122-siti-zakiah-zulfa-cesa-septiana-pratiwi/

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iftah Tazkiyah ◽  
◽  
Sudarto Ronoatmodjo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Premature Menopause ◽  
Early Menopause ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Master Program ◽  
Number Of Children

Background: Menopause was the time of life when menstrual cycles cease and are caused by reduced secretion of the ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone. the proportion of women aged menopause increases with increasing age. This study aimed to find the relationship between employment status, age at first delivery, number of children and smoking status to the incidence of early menopause in women aged 30 to 40 years. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted from secondary data Indonesian Health Data Survey (IDHS), 2017. The inclusion criteria were female respondents 30-40 years old with who are married and use contraceptives. The dependent variable was early menopause. The independent variables were employment status, age at first delivery, number of children and smoking status. The data were analyzed by chi-square and logistic regression. Results: This study found that women aged 30-40 years who had menopause were 10.3%. From the multivariate results, it was found that women who had more than 2 children had a 1.4 times greater risk of early menopause (OR= 1.43, 95% CI= 1.43 to 1.26). Women who have jobs have a 0.5 times greater risk of premature menopause than women who do not work (OR= 0.55, 95% CI= 0.49 to 0.61). The most dominant variable related to the incidence of menopause is the number of children. Conclusion: The family planning program needs to be increased in order to provide counseling on long-term family planning and how to plan to have children and prepare for menopause. Keywords: early menopause, number of children, childbirth age, smoking Correspondence: Iftah Tazkiyah. Master program in Public Health, University of Indonesia. Pondok Cina, Beji district, Depok city, West Java 12345. E-mail: [email protected]. Mobile: 08118002454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.12

Evaluation of ER, PR, HER2 / neu Receptor Status in Breast Cancer - A Cross Sectional Study from Manipur

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (29) ◽  
pp. 2595-2600
Author(s):  
Themthingla Zimik ◽  
Angelica Laiphrakpam ◽  
Deepa Longjam ◽  
Sushila Devi L
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duct Carcinoma ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Screening Programs

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and has surpassed cervical cancer in India. As a result of regular mammography screening programs and public awareness, early-stage breast cancer with better prognosis has occurred. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is now a common practice in tumour evaluation which are of importance in diagnosis as well as for deciding the treatment and of prediction of prognosis in breast cancer. The present study was undertaken in view of correlating the histopathology of the tumour and IHC profile with respect to oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2 / neu. METHODS The study is a cross-sectional prospective analysis of patients with primary carcinoma of breast who are undergoing surgery over a period of 2 years from September 2017 to August 2019. All specimens were processed and stained with haematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry was done for oestrogen and progesterone receptors and HER 2neu. RESULTS A total of 20 cases of breast carcinoma specimens were studied, whose age ranged from 24 - 72 years of age. All the 20 cases occurred in females. Infiltrating duct carcinoma was the most histological subtype noted in this study comprising 85 % (17 / 20) of cases. In the study 50 % (10/20) of the cases showed ER / PR positivity with negative HER2 / neu while 15 % (3/15) of cases were negative for ER / PR and HER2 / neu and only one case showed positivity for all three markers. 10 cases (50 %) had lymph node metastases in this study. CONCLUSIONS Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in Indian women and is also the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Assessment of receptor (ER, PR and HER – 2 / neu) status along with histopathological grading and staging will guide the clinicians to impart a correct treatment protocols to the patients. It will also be of great help in assessing the prognosis. KEYWORDS Breast Cancer, Histopathology, Immunohistochemistry

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