scholarly journals Clinico-pathological profile of paediatric head and neck cancers in Tanzania: Findings from the country’s largest tertiary hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1142
Author(s):  
Zephania Saitabau Abraham ◽  
Daudi Ntunaguzi ◽  
Aveline Aloyce Kahinga ◽  
Henry Swai ◽  
Siwillis Mithe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
High Data ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Age Range

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world and the largest burden occurs in developing countries where such burden of infectious diseases is also high. Data on the clinico-pathological profile of paediatric head and neck cancers is scarce in Tanzania. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Tanzania to characterize such profile.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A hospital based descriptive cross sectional study was conducted involving 180 pediatric patients at Muhimbili National Hospital. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS program version 21.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 180 paediatric patients were recruited where 61.1% were males with a male to female ratio of 1.57:1 and majority fell into the 0-5years age range (53.9%). Ten primary anatomical sites were found with the neck (cervical lymph node) (36.1%) predominating followed by the orbit/eye (34.4%) and the least common site was parapharyngeal space (0.5%). The neck was more affected in patients aged 6-11 years with a diagnosis of lymphomas (98.5%) whereas the orbit was affected predominantly in those aged 0-5 years (90.3%) by retinoblastoma (79%). The predominant histocytopathological variant was lymphoma (52.8%) and the least was Langerhans cell histiocytosis (0.6%). Lymphomas and retinoblastoma occurred commonly in males (70.53% and 53.06% respectively) but sarcomas showed no gender predilection. Lymphomas (32.6%) and retinoblastomas (93.9%) predominated in patients aged 6-11 years and 0-5 years respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Lymphomas, retinoblastomas and sarcomas were more predominant in paediatric patients similar to what has been reported in various reports elsewhere.</p>

scholarly journals Clinical Profile of Paediatric Head and Neck Cancers at a Tertiary Hospital in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Zephania Saitabau Abraham ◽  
Enica Richard Massawe ◽  
Aveline Aloyce Kahinga ◽  
Kassim Babu Mapondella ◽  
Willybroad Augustine Massawe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Childhood Cancers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Stages ◽  
Night Sweats

Background Paediatric head and neck cancers represent an important group of childhood cancers that require maximum attention at large. They are often diagnosed at advanced clinical stages at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH). Objective To describe the clinical profile of paediatric head and neck cancers at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania Method A hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 180 paediatric patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS program version 21. Results A total of 180 paediatric patients were recruited where 61.1% were males and 38.9% were females. Majority belonged to the age group 0-5 years (53.9%). A total of 10 primary anatomical sites were found with the neck (cervical lymph node) predominating (36.1%), followed by the orbit/eye (34.4%) and the least anatomical sites were oral cavity (1.1%) and parapharyngeal space (0.5%). Leukocoria (93.9%), red eye (93.9%) and orbital cellulitis (77.6%) predominated in retinoblastoma but in patients with lymphomas, predominant features were night sweats (100%), weight loss (100%) and fevers (95.8%). Conclusion The clinical profile depicted in this study appears to correlate with advanced clinical stages. Keywords: Paediatric; Head; Neck Cancers; Muhimbili; Tanzania

scholarly journals Aetiopathological and demographic profile of diabetic foot: a prospective cross sectional study from a tertiary hospital in South India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1305
Author(s):  
Ragesh Kalikottu Valappil ◽  
Sheena Krishnan ◽  
Siddharth Matad ◽  
Shameej Kinakool Vayalipath
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
History Of

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder affecting large segment of population and is a major public health problem.Methods: A prospective cross sectional study of 150 patients conducted in the Department of Surgery at Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, IndiaResults: Maximum numbers of patients were in the age group of 60-69. Male to female ratio is 3.04:1.50% had duration of diabetes <10 years and 50% had duration ≥10. years. 81 (54%) patients had neuropathy, 53 (35.3%) had PVD, 41 (27.3%) had history of prior foot ulcer, 70 (46.7%) had poor glycemic control (RBS >200 mg/dl) at the time of admission and 44 (29.3%) had history of smoking.Conclusions: Most important risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers were neuropathy (54%), poor glycemic control (46.7%) and PVD (35.3%), diabetic foot requires a comprehensive management.

scholarly journals Effect of Helminth Infestationin Children Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Lauretta Chito Orji ◽  
Nnamdi Benson Onyire ◽  
Bede C. Ibe ◽  
Roland Ibekwe
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Stool Analysis ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Introduction: Infection by human immunodeficiency virus results in immune destruction, while studies among the Ethiopian immigrants in Israel showed that chronic helminthiasis induces immune dysregulation. With destruction of CD4+ cell and consequently progression to AIDS, the host may be more susceptible to invading organisms such as helminths. This study was aimed at determining the effect of immune state on the prevalence and intensity of helminth infection in HIV infected children in two hospitals in Abakaliki.Material and Methods: It was a cross sectional study that involved consecutive recruitment of 84 confirmed HIV infected children attending the ART clinic. Stool analysis for subjects was done, using the Kato-Katz technique. Blood sample for estimation of CD4 cell count was carried outusing flow cytometer from the HIV positive subjects.Results: A total of 84 subjects were recruited during the study period, majority were males (58.3%). Male to female ratio was 1.4:1. The age range of participants was 2-17 years, while mean age of subjects infected with helminthiasis was 6.10± 3.34 year. A significant number of subjects in advanced and severe immunological stages had helminthiasis (χ2 =12.49, p=0.001). There was however no significant relationship between intensity of helminthiasis and immunologic stages of subjects.Conclusion: The study suggests that immunodeficiency state may increase the susceptibility of helminth infection in HIV infected children. Hence children with HIV/AIDS may benefit from routine testing and/or de-worming of helminth infection.  

Study on association of cutaneous tuberculosis with pulmonary tuberculosis

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAK Mahmud ◽  
HK Paul ◽  
ASM Zakaria ◽  
MA Rahman ◽  
MAJ Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Cutaneous Tuberculosis ◽  
Age Range

Background: Tuberculosis continues to be a health problem in many countries. There may be simultaneous multiple organ involvement. Diagnosis of one organ disease may lead to missing off diagnosis of other organ involvement.Objectives: The present study was done to analyze the association of cutaneous tuberculosis with pulmonary tuberculosis.Material and methods: Through purposive sampling a total of 23 patients of suspected cutaneous tuberculosis were primarily enrolled in this cross sectional study. History was taken and examinations were done to find out types of cutaneous lesions and to explore a pulmonary involvement. Investigations including CBC with ESR, Mantoux test and Skin biopsy were done for each and every patient. Those who had cutaneous tuberculosis on histopathology chest x-ray were done to detect pulmonary lesions. After investigations 2 patients were excluded due to absence of tubercular infection. Finally 21 patients were included in this study. Data were collected in a predesigned structured questionnaire.Results: Out of 21 patients 16 (76.19%) were male and 5(23.81%) were female with a male to female ratio of 3.2:1. Age range varies from 5-70 years with a mean of 29.76±18.2 years. MT was positive in 76.20% of patients. CXR showed 23.81% of the patients with cutaneous TB had simultaneous pulmonary involvement. The association is statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: Patients with Cutaneous tuberculosis may have pulmonary involvement in a statistically significant number. In any patient with cutaneous TB, meticulous systemic examinations and relevant investigations have to be done to explore pulmonary involvement. DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v36i2.6988Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2010; 36: 57-60

scholarly journals Trend of Head and Neck Cancers in a National Tertiary Cancer Hospital of Nepal from 2012 to 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 236-240
Author(s):  
Gambhir Shrestha ◽  
Bhola Siwakoti ◽  
Rashmi Mulmi ◽  
Dejkumar Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Cancer Hospital

Abstract Introduction Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are increasing in Nepal and have become a major public health issue. This study aims to describe the trend of HNCs in a national tertiary cancer hospital in Nepal. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with secondary data analysis conducted at B.P Koirala Memorial Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal. The data were obtained from the medical record section and included all new HNC cases registered from 2012 to 2017. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 17. Subgroup analysis was done according to age, gender, site, and year. Results A total of 4,582 new HNCs were registered, of which 3,097 (67.6%) were males and 1,482 (32.4%) were females. Lip and oral cavity cancers (46.5%) were the most common HNCs followed by tonsil and pharynx (18.0%) and larynx (15.8%). The trend of HNCs shows a steady rise in incidence with difference according to the sites. HNCs were more common among males than females except for thyroid cancer. The most common age group was 60 to 74 years. Conclusions The trend of HNCs is increasing in Nepal especially oral cancers. Awareness of risk factors, effective screening programs, and comprehensive treatment should be focused to decrease the burden of HNCs.

scholarly journals METAL RESTORATIONS;

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubna Memon ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan Memon ◽  
Aamir Mehmood Butt ◽  
Madiha Waqas Memon
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Dental Prostheses ◽  
Metal Ceramic ◽  
Fixed Dental Prostheses ◽  
Fixed Prosthesis ◽  
Age Range

Introduction: Aesthetic is the most important consideration for the replacement of missing teeth. Traditional metal-ceramic fixed dental prostheses are stronger, clinically recognized, and reliable and will therefore persist the first consideration. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro. Period: October 2015 to September 2016. Material and Methods: Using non probability consecutive sampling technique. Data from 120 patients regarding effect of age on appearance after providing metal-ceramic fixed prosthesis were collected using the method of interview and examination. Results: The male to female ratio was 1:1.4 with a mean age of 30 years and standard deviation (SD) 10.88. 120 Patients were divided in four age groups. Out of Sixty-six patients with age range from 19 to 30 years, thirty-eight were found to be completely satisfied. Out of 21 patients of 31-40 years old, eighteen were aesthetically satisfied. In another group comprises of 24 patients with an age range 41-50, seventeen showed completely satisfaction. Another group, age range from 51-60 that showed 9 patients, in which six patients were satisfied with fixed prosthesis. Conclusion: Most of the patients in this study were satisfied after providing prostheses. Middle age (31-40years) patients showed more satisfaction comparative to other age groups.

scholarly journals Pattern and management outcomes of head and neck hemangiomas: a prospective study from Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Abbas M. Mungia ◽  
Sira Stanslaus Owibingire ◽  
Jeremiah Robert Moshy ◽  
Karpal Singh Sohal ◽  
William Sianga
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Infantile Hemangioma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Facial Disfigurement

Introduction: Hemangiomas arise from the proliferation of endothelial cells surrounding blood-filled cavities. They have a slightly higher female predilection and about 60–70% of them occur in the head and neck region. Various medical and surgical options are available for the treatment of hemangiomas. Aim: To determine the pattern and management outcomes of head and neck hemangiomas in Tanzania. Material and methods: This was a one-year prospective, cross-sectional study that involved all consecutive patients with head and neck hemangiomas treated in Muhimbili National Hospital. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information including age and sex of the patient, chief complaint and, duration, size and site of the lesion. The treatment modalities were surgery and/or intralesional bleomycin injection (IL-Bleo). A standard dose of bleomycin was 0.3 to 0.6 mg/kg per injection not exceeding 15 units per cycle with a maximum of 6 cycles. Frequency distribution and cross-tabulation were performed and association between variables was assessed by the Chi-square test, whereby the p-value was set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 58 patients were included in the study. The male to female ratio was 1:1.4 and the median age was 6.15 years. Majority (74%) of the patients had infantile hemangioma. The most common presenting complaint of patients/guardians of the patients were facial disfigurement (94.8%), pain (32.8%) and ulceration (22.4%). The most frequently involved sites were the lips (55.2%) followed by the cheeks (37.9%). In patient who were managed surgically, there was a 100% reduction in size of the lesion. Of those who were treated with bleomycin, the percentage reduction in the area of the lesion ranged from 8.33% to 100% with mean of 72.6%. Only 6% of the patient had post IL-Bleo complications. Conclusion: Head and Neck hemangiomas are more common in females and majority are infantile hemangioma. Facial disfigurement is the commonest presenting complication of these lesions, and the lips and the cheeks are mostly affected areas. Intralesional bleomycin is an effective treatment modality which has low complication rates.

scholarly journals Common Site of Urinary Calculi in Kidney, Ureter and Urinary Bladder Region: Jos Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Moses Danjem ◽  
Salaam AJ ◽  
Kolade- Yunusa HO ◽  
Shuaibu SI
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Common Location ◽  
The Common ◽  
Male To Female

Objective: To determine the common location of calculus along the urinary tract using CT scan.  Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted using CT from November 2016 to September 2018, in a tertiary hospital in Jos, Nigeria. The CT images acquired from this period were evaluated and 50 patients were positive for urolithiasis. The data was subjected to statistical analysis based on age, gender and calculus location. Results: Out of the 50 patients with calculi, 34 were males and 16 were females with a male to female ratio of 2.13:1. 137 urinary calculi were documented in which 90 were in males and 47 in the female patients. Highest occurrence of calculi was seen in age group 31-40 years (34.0%). 112(82%) were renal stones, 12(9%) were ureteric stones, 8(6%) were found in pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ), 3(2%) were in the vesico-ureteric junction (VUJ), 2(1%) were in the urinary bladder and none in the urethra. Conclusion: Kidney stones are the most common followed by the ureter, the pelvi-ureteric junction, the vesico-ureteric junction and the bladder.  

scholarly journals Independent Predictors of Recurrence of Vertigo Among Nigerians

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
OA Sogebi ◽  
EA Oyewole
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Neck Injury ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Predictors Of Recurrence ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Head And Neck Injury ◽  
Male To Female

Background: Recurrence of vertigo indicates a morbidity to the patient and a dilemma for the managing physician. Objectives: To describe the characteristics of vertigo, document prevalence and explore the characteristics which could independently predict recurrence of vertigo. Methods: A cross-sectional study of patients managed for vertigo in a tertiary facility was retrospectively done. Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics, associations of vertigo, audiological symptoms, comorbid illnesses, and duration to achieve control of vertigo were recorded. Recurrence of vertigo was used to categorize the patients. The factors that were associated with recurrence on univariate analyses were evaluated as independent predictors of recurrence of vertigo. Results: The 73 patients with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.4 were aged 35 -78 (mean 56.6±9.9) years. The associated symptoms included body weakness (34.2%), audiological symptoms (38.4%), 27.4% had antecedent head and neck injury and vertigo was precipitated or aggravated by changes in the head and neck position in 63.0% Vertigo was controlled within 1 -7 (Median 2) days, 35.6% had a recurrence of vertigo. Age, the experience of nausea and vomiting, previous head and neck injury, presence of comorbidity, and long duration to achieve control of vertigo were significantly associated with recurrence of vertigo. All these factors except the presence of comorbidity could independently predict the recurrence of vertigo. Conclusion: Vertigo is common in adult females, and mostly positional in type. About a third of patients may have a recurrence of vertigo. Age, especially above 57 years, nausea and vomiting, head and neck injury and prolonged period to control vertigo may independently predict recurrence of vertigo.

scholarly journals Study of Lipid Profile in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2330-2333
Author(s):  
Rashid Ahmad ◽  
Khalil Ullah ◽  
Ghazala Shaheen ◽  
Muhammad Ikram Shah ◽  
Muazzam Fuaad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Age Range

Background and Aim: Premature atherosclerosis and increased prevalence of cardiovascular mortality are significantly associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The CKD risk factors contribute to cardiovascular and atherogenesis disease. Anemia, inflammation, vascular calcification, lack of physical activity, lipid disorders, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress are various risk-induced factors for CKD patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate or assess the lipid profile in chronic kidneys disease. Place and Duration of Study: Conducted at Medicine department of Lady Reading hospital, Peshawar and Pak International Medical College, Peshawar for duration of six months between November 2020 and April 2021. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 70 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with an age range of 18 and 65 years. The male to female ratio was 1.3:1. A Control group of 70 patients of similar age and sex were enrolled in this study. Lipid profile and collection of blood specimen were managed from both groups were taken. Other parameters such as PPBS, creatinine, FBS, and blood urea results were compared for both groups. Results: The overall mean age of the study group patients was 42.4±11.5 years while the control group's mean age was 51.6±9.8 years. The prevalence of CKD patients was high 17 (24%) in the age range of 30-40 years. The prevalence of Dyslipidemia parameters such as High TC, High TG, High VLDL-C, HIGH LDL-C and low HDL-C was 49.8%, 66.7%, 67%, 42.5%, and 72.9% respectively. Overall dyslipidemia prevalence was 81.7%. Significant decrease in HDL-C while the increase in TG and VLDL-C was reported. On comparing hypertension comorbid conditions with triglyceride, HDL, and VLDL statistical significance was found. SPSS version 24 was used for data analysis. Conclusion: A significant amount of dyslipidemia is found in CKD patients. As a result, treating dyslipidemia will reduce mortality in CKD patients. Patients with CKD are predisposed to accelerated atherosclerosis, which increases the risk of CVD. The presence of an atherogenic lipid profile in CKD is confirmed by this study. Keywords: CKD, Lipid Profile, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia

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