scholarly journals A Comparative Evaluation of Antigen-Specific Sandwich Immunoassay and Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IIF) in Detecting Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies: Are We Ready to Replace IIF with ELISA as the Primary Screening Method?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Deka ◽  
Deepjyoti Kalita ◽  
Ravi Shankar ◽  
U. Sasi Rekha ◽  
Girish Sindhwani
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
P Value ◽  
K Value ◽  
Primary Screening ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract Background Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are important biomarkers in the diagnosis of ANCA-associated vasculitis, and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) had been the method of choice for its detection from the very beginning. However, international consensus on ANCA testing (2017) advocates the use of high-quality immunoassays as the primary screening method. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) compared to IIF in detecting ANCA. Methods One-hundred eighty-nine serum samples of suspected or known cases of systemic vasculitis were screened for ANCA by IIF and proteinase-3- and myeloperoxidase-ELISA. In IIF, positive results were further divided into cytoplasmic pattern of ANCA and perinuclear pattern of ANCA, depending upon the pattern of fluorescence. McNemar’s chi-squared test was applied to check the equality of proportions of positive results, and Kappa statistics was used to measure the agreement between the two methods. Diagnostic performance of ELISA was evaluated taking IIF as reference. Results IIF detected ANCA in 17.5% cases and ELISA detected it in 11.6% cases. A good agreement between the overall performance of ELISA and IIF was observed (K-value: 6.8, p-value: < 001). However, a significant difference in the proportion of positive results by the two methods was observed in McNemar’s test (two-sided p-value: 0.007). Taking IIF as standard, ELISA showed 60.6% sensitivity, 98.7% specificity, and predictive value of positive and negative results of 90.9 and 92.2%, respectively. Conclusion The new generation antigen-specific ELISAs had high specificity but the chances of missing cases in primary screening due to the low sensitivity and high false negativity (39.4%) need to be dealt with.

scholarly journals Association of the Arginase Ι with Bronchial Asthma

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashti Mohammad Amin Said ◽  
Ahmed Abdulqader Al-Naqshbandi ◽  
Yasin Kareem Amin ◽  
Rebwar Jalal Ali
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender

Objective The aim of this study was to detect the arginase Ι (ARG I) enzyme in asthma patients, clarify its role, in addition to examining the relationship of this enzyme with bronchial asthma. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 100 patients from the Department of Medicine in Rizgary Hospital in Erbil City, in addition to intact 100 volunteers; the introduced questionnaire was filled out on the basis of type-induced asthma, duration of the disease, age of the patients, gender, family history, and allergy condition, Serum was separated to perform Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in Medical Research Center to examine the association of ARGΙ with bronchial asthma. By ARG activity we can measure the conversion of arginine to ornithine and urea. By using a quantitative colorimetric assay at 490 nm, employing a QuantiChrom arginase assay kit (Bioassay Systems). Results: Our results depicted the association between ARGΙ and bronchial asthma: based on their age, significant elevation of serum arginase level was observed in the patients with ≥81 years old, which mean value (100.16±19.77c), p-value (0.000); also the duration of asthma ≥20 years (82.48±38.81c) , p-value (0.01) were remarkably affected; this sign was found in those with types of induced asthma and with allergy condition.  But the non- significant difference in the frequency of abnormal serum arginase level was observed in those patients that have a family history of asthma disease and gender of the patients. This finding demonstrated a remarkable association of ARG Ι in the development of asthma at p ˂ 0.05.

scholarly journals Ghrelin levels in hypertensive obese and normotensive obese subjects.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (08) ◽  
pp. 1142-1146
Author(s):  
Zehra Niazi ◽  
◽  
Sundus Tariq ◽  
Muhammad Azhar Saeed ◽  
Sana Akram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ghrelin Level ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Obese Subjects

Objective: The purpose was to determine the ghrelin level, its effect and relationship with blood pressure levels in obese subjects. Study Design: Comparative Cross Sectional study. Settings: General OPD of Madinah Teaching Hospital (MTH) and District Head Quarter hospital Faisalabad (DHQ). Period: 2019 to 2020. Material & Methods: Blood samples were collected from hypertensive and compared with the normotensive obese (BMI >30). Ghrelin level was measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was done on Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) 20 software. Mean ±SD has been given for quantitative variables. Independent sample t test was used for comparisons. Significance has been chosen as p ≤ 0.05. Results: Total 114 obese patients were selected for this study, of which 57 were hypertensive and 57 were normotensive. Minimum age was 30 years and maximum age was 60 years with mean age 39.35 ± 10.08 years. Mean age of hypertensive obese was 43.42 ± 10.46 years and mean age of normotensive was 35.28 ± 7.87 years. Statistically significant difference of mean fasting ghrelin levels between hypertensive obese and normotensive obese was noted with p value 0.013. Conclusion: Obese persons with elevated circulating concentration of ghrelin may be susceptible to the progression of increasing blood pressure.

Important Role of B2-Glycoprotien in Females with Recurrence Abortion

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abbas Hasan ◽  
Radhia Hussain Fadel ◽  
Saeed Hilal Khudhair ◽  
Doaa Hashim Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Recurrent Abortion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medical City ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range

Recurrent abortion consider as one of the most common problem in world. There are different causes associated with recurrent abortion, these may be occur due to complication of microorganism infection or associated with immunological disturbance like abortion caused by Anti-phospholipid syndrome, or associated with SLE. The anti-b2glucoprotien antibodies have a role in abortion. In this study, we wish to determine whether there is a relationship between the levels of these anti-b2glucoprotien antibodies and abortion. Thirty females patients with spontaneous abortion (10 of them with Antiphospholipid syndrome,10 of them with systemic lupus erthymatosus and final 10 with toxoplasmosis with ages ranged between (20-46) where taken from (Al-Hussein Medical City/Kerbala). Control group consisted of 20 healthy people who were free from history of abortion who matched in age and gender with patients. B2gp(IgMandIgG) EASIA Kit, generic assay) and was studied using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. T-test and ANOVA and Pearson correlation used to analyze results by using SPSS version 24. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. The patients with age range blow 30 years show high percent(63.3%) among the other groups .most of the patients have high percent of 3 times abortion were reported in all different groups .The mean value of anti-B2gP-I IgG (45.354) show highly a significant difference results in aborted patients with APS and significant difference in patients with SLE when compared with controls groups. the Anti-B2gPI IgM not give statistically significant difference when camper to health cases. we conclude that the Anti-B2GPI IgG levels were increased significantly in aborted females with APS and SLE .

scholarly journals Determination of Relative Frequency of Calretinin Expression in Patients with Breast Cancer in Yazd, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Ehsan Arjmandzadeh ◽  
◽  
Fariba Binesh ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Ihc Markers

Introduction: Breast cancer is known as the most common type of cancer among women in the world. Several methods have been proposed to predict the behavior of breast carcinoma. Recently calretinin has been found to be a reliable factor in predicting tumor survival rate in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative frequency of calretinin expression in patients with breast cancer in Yazd,Iran. Material and methods: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, the clinicopathologic features and the outcome of patients with breast cancer from 2017 to 2018 were reviewed at Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran. The influence of potential prognostic parameters in the overall survival was investigated by log-rank test and Cox regression analysis. Results: Among 100 cases with breast carcinoma, 14.5% were positive for calretinin. The distribution of the rate of positivity of IHC markers including ER, PR, P53, Ki67 and Her2 was 62.9%, 57.1%, 46.2%, 80.5% and 22.1%, respectively. The most common grade and stage were grade2 and stage3 respectively. There was no significant difference in the status of IHC markers (including ER, PR, Her2 and Ki67) in terms of calretinin. 66.7% of the patients with calretinin positive results were P53 positive. The results of the mean tumor size distribution in the two groups of positive and negative calretinin showed a significant difference (P-value = 0.05). A lower age at the time of diagnosis was found in patients with calretinin positive results (P-value = 0.119). The mean survival rate in calretinin positive group was 6.71 years and 6.62 years in calretinin negative patients which was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated an association between calretinin expression and other IHC markers (although not statistically significant) in predicting poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. In addition, we found a statistically significant association among calretinin with smaller tumor size and lower age at the time of diagnosis in patients with breast cancer.

scholarly journals Analysis of TNF-α and IL-4 Levels with Soil Transmitted Helminth Infection in Adults In Pasie Nan Tigo Village 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Yanti Rahayu Nuzulia Irawati ◽  
Hirowati Ali
Keyword(s):  
Infected Group ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
P Value ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference

Intestinal helminth infections are caused by soil-transmitted helminths (STH). Worm infections are classified as neglected diseases, namely infections that are not noticed and are chronic diseases, rarely cause clear clinical symptoms and the impact is only seen in the long term. STH infection affects the immune response in humans in the form of increased levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), eosinophilia and production of t-helper 2 (Th2), especially to changes in TNF-α and IL-4 levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the analysis of TNF-α and IL-4 levels with soil-transmitted helminths infection in adults. The research design used was case control, with a multistage-random sampling technique. Stool samples were taken from 127 adults and 24 subjects (18.9%) were infected with STH using the kato katz examination method. Furthermore, 24 STH-infected subjects and 24 healthy control subjects were taken using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The study population was male and female adults aged 20-60 years as many as 48 people. The data was carried out by independent t-test (p<0.05) and it was considered that there was a significant relationship. c. The results showed that there was a significant difference in TNF- levels in adults in the STH-infected group and healthy yangiene with p value = 0.001 and there was a significant difference in IL-4 levels in adults in the STH-infected group with p value = 0.001. The conclusion of this study is that there are differences in TNF- levels lower in STH-infected people than healthy controls and higher IL-4 in STH-infected people than healthy controls in adults.

scholarly journals Contrast-Enhanced Mammographic Features of In Situ and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Manifesting Microcalcifications Only: Help to Predict Underestimation?

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4371
Author(s):  
Yun-Chung Cheung ◽  
Kueian Chen ◽  
Chi-Chang Yu ◽  
Shir-Hwa Ueng ◽  
Chia-Wei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
P Value ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The contrast-enhanced mammographic features of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) manifesting microcalcifications only on mammograms were evaluated to determine whether they could predict IDC underestimation. Methods: We reviewed patients who underwent mammography-guided biopsy on suspicious breast microcalcifications only and received contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) within 2 weeks before the biopsy. Those patients who were proven to have cancers (DCIS or IDC) by biopsy and subsequently had surgical treatment in our hospital were included for analysis. The presence or absence, size, morphology and texture of enhancement on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography were reviewed by consensus of two radiologists. Results: A total of 49 patients were included for analysis. Forty patients (81.6%) showed enhancement, including 18 (45%) DCIS and 22 (55%) IDC patients. All nine unenhanced cancers were pure DCIS. Pure DCIS showed 72.22% nonmass enhancement and 83.33% pure ground glass enhancement. IDC showed more mass (72.2% vs. 27.8%) and solid enhancements (83.33% vs. 16.67%). The cancer and texture of enhancement were significantly different between pure DCIS and IDC, with moderate diagnostic performance for the former (p-value < 0.01, AUC = 0.66, sensitivity = 93%, specificity = 39%) and the latter (p-value < 0.01, AUC = 0.74, sensitivity = 65%, specificity = 83%). Otherwise, pure DCIS showed a significant difference in enhanced texture compared with upgraded IDC and IDC (p = 0.0226 and 0.0018, respectively). Conclusions: Nonmass and pure ground glass enhancements were closely related to pure DCIS, and cases showing mass and unpurified solid enhancements should be suspected as IDC. Unenhanced DCIS with microcalcifications only has a low DCIS upgrade rate. The CESM-enhanced features could feasibly predict IDC underestimation.

scholarly journals Effect of Air Pollution on Salivary Interleukin-8 Levels in Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-178
Author(s):  
Solmaz Pourzare Mehrbani ◽  
Zohreh Babaloo ◽  
Zahra Jamali ◽  
Tahmoores Abdollahian ◽  
Hosein Eslami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Background Air pollution in cities has always been a permanent and serious threat for the health of society and the environment, influencing the health of different body organs and systems both acutely and chronically. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of air pollution in saliva Interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in children. Materials and methods A total of 88, 8- to 10-year-old children were included in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Group I, the case group, included 44 children from Tabriz (Iranian Azerbaijan), and group II, the control group, included 44 children from Kalibar Town (of Tabriz). Both groups in this study had a similar economic status. Following sampling and selection of individuals, for measuring the levels of saliva IL-8, ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method was used. To investigate the difference between the means of the groups, independent t test or its nonparametric equivalent, i.e., Man—Whitney test and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 21 were used. In this study, p-value lower than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The results of this study indicate a significant difference in the levels of saliva IL-8 between the two groups, where the mean level of saliva IL-8 is greater in children residing in the region with higher air pollution level than in the children dwelling in the region with a greater air pollution level (p = 0.001). Conclusion The results obtained from this study indicated that the level of saliva IL-8 increases in regions with air pollution, potentially causing several mouth problems in children. How to cite this article Mehrbani SP, Babaloo Z, Jamali Z, Abdollahian T, Eslami H, Sobhani N. Effect of Air Pollution on Salivary Interleukin-8 Levels in Children. World J Dent 2016;7(4):175-178.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Performance of Dual-Energy Subtraction Radiography for the Detection of Pulmonary Emphysema: An Intra-Individual Comparison

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1849
Author(s):  
Julia A. Mueller ◽  
Katharina Martini ◽  
Matthias Eberhard ◽  
Mathias A. Mueller ◽  
Alessandra A. De Silvestro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Emphysema ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
P Value ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Energy Subtraction ◽  
Interreader Agreement

Purpose/Objectives: To compare the diagnostic performance of dual-energy subtraction (DE) and conventional radiography (CR) for detecting pulmonary emphysema using computed tomography (CT) as a reference standard. Methods and Materials: Sixty-six patients (24 female, median age 73) were retrospectively included after obtaining lateral and posteroanterior chest X-rays with a dual-shot DE technique and chest CT within ±3 months. Two experienced radiologists first evaluated the standard CR images and, second, the bone-/soft tissue weighted DE images for the presence (yes/no), degree (1–4), and quadrant-based distribution of emphysema. CT was used as a reference standard. Inter-reader agreement was calculated. Sensitivity and specificity for the correct detection and localization of emphysema was calculated. Further degree of emphysema on CR and DE was correlated with results from CT. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mean interreader agreement was substantial for CR and moderate for DE (kCR = 0.611 vs. kDE = 0.433; respectively). Sensitivity, as well as specificity for the detection of emphysema, was comparable between CR and DE (sensitivityCR 96% and specificityCR 75% vs. sensitivityDE 91% and specificityDE 83%; p = 0.157). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the sensitivity or specificity for emphysema localization between CR and DE (sensitivityCR 50% and specificityCR 100% vs. sensitivityDE 57% and specificityDE 100%; p = 0.157). There was a slightly better correlation with CT of emphysema grading in DE compared to CR (rDE = 0.75 vs. rCR = 0.68; p = 0.108); these differences were not statistically significant, however. Conclusion: Diagnostic accuracy for the detection, quantification, and localization of emphysema between CR and DE is comparable. Interreader agreement, however, is better with CR compared to DE

scholarly journals Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies Testing in a Large Cohort of Unselected Greek Patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Tsiveriotis ◽  
Alexandra Tsirogianni ◽  
Elena Pipi ◽  
Konstantinos Soufleros ◽  
Chryssa Papasteriades
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Large Cohort ◽  
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Connective Tissue Disorders ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Positive Results

Objective. To retrospectively evaluate ANCA testing in a cohort of unselected Greek in- and outpatients.Methods. In 10803 consecutive serum samples, ANCA were tested by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and ELISA. ELISA in inpatients was performed only on IIF positive sera.Results. Low prevalence (6.0%) of IIF positive samples was observed. Among these samples, 63.5% presented perinuclear (p-ANCA), 9.3% cytoplasmic (c-ANCA) and 27.2% atypical (x-ANCA) pattern. 16.1% of p-ANCA were antimyeloperoxidase (anti-MPO) positive, whereas 68.3% of c-ANCA were antiproteinase-3 (anti-PR3) positive. Only 17 IIF negative outpatients' samples were ELISA positive. ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV), connective tissue disorders and gastrointestinal disorders represented 20.5%, 23.9%, and 21.2% of positive results, respectively. AAV patients exhibited higher rates of MPO/PR3 specificity compared to non-AAV (93.8% versus 8%).Conclusions. This first paper on Greek patients supports that screening for ANCA by IIF and confirming positive results by ELISA minimize laboratory charges without sacrificing diagnostic accuracy.

scholarly journals A comparative study on ABO blood group and fertility hormones in infertile women in Calabar, Southern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Uwem Okon Akpan ◽  
Iya Eze Bassey ◽  
Nnenna Nkiruka Nwatu ◽  
Sunday Jeremiah Offor
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Female Infertility ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
P Value ◽  
Abo Blood Group ◽  
Blood Group System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Infertility, a disorder of the reproductive system, is commonly linked to hormonal, pituitary, cervical, uterine, immunological or psychological factors. Besides these factors, it can also be idiopathic or unexplained. Hence, there is a need for more research to unravel the causes of the unexplained infertility. This work aimed at finding out whether there is any relationship between ABO blood group system and female infertility. The study design was cross-sectional. Three hundred women between 18 and 40 years attending fertility clinic at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar between 2011 and 2012 were recruited for this study. Serum progesterone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol were determined using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) while ABO blood grouping was determined using the tube method. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 18. The confidence level was set at 95% where p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The mean age of the women was 30.65 ± 5.47 years and the percentage distributions of the blood groups among the women were as follows: 24% A, 12% B, 4% AB and 60% O. The mean FSH levels of blood groups A and O individuals were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of groups B. However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the mean levels of progesterone, prolactin, LH and estradiol in the respective groups. From this study, 38% of the population had increased levels of progesterone, 58% and 18.7% had elevated prolactin and FSH levels respectively while 11.33% and 43.3% had reduced levels of LH and estradiol levels respectively. Though, there was high prevalence of hyperprolactinemia observed in this study, there was no strong association between ABO blood group and female infertility but, the increased FSH levels observed in blood groups A and O may be a potential link between blood group and infertility and therefore may be beneficial for further study.

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