Effect of Air Pollution on Salivary Interleukin-8 Levels in Children

ABSTRACT Background Air pollution in cities has always been a permanent and serious threat for the health of society and the environment, influencing the health of different body organs and systems both acutely and chronically. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of air pollution in saliva Interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in children. Materials and methods A total of 88, 8- to 10-year-old children were included in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Group I, the case group, included 44 children from Tabriz (Iranian Azerbaijan), and group II, the control group, included 44 children from Kalibar Town (of Tabriz). Both groups in this study had a similar economic status. Following sampling and selection of individuals, for measuring the levels of saliva IL-8, ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method was used. To investigate the difference between the means of the groups, independent t test or its nonparametric equivalent, i.e., Man—Whitney test and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 21 were used. In this study, p-value lower than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The results of this study indicate a significant difference in the levels of saliva IL-8 between the two groups, where the mean level of saliva IL-8 is greater in children residing in the region with higher air pollution level than in the children dwelling in the region with a greater air pollution level (p = 0.001). Conclusion The results obtained from this study indicated that the level of saliva IL-8 increases in regions with air pollution, potentially causing several mouth problems in children. How to cite this article Mehrbani SP, Babaloo Z, Jamali Z, Abdollahian T, Eslami H, Sobhani N. Effect of Air Pollution on Salivary Interleukin-8 Levels in Children. World J Dent 2016;7(4):175-178.

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Determine the IgG and IgM antibodies created against T. gondii infections using the ELISA method in diabetic pregnant women in compared with non -diabetic pregnant women in Sanandaj, Kurdistan, west of Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-42507/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

nasrin Bahmani ◽

Nadia Shakiba ◽

Fariba Farhadifar ◽

Mojde Zareei

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Assay Method ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Diabetes Center ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic parasitic protozoan, which is a causative agent of serious complications such as abortion or fetal still birth in pregnant women. The purpose of this study was evaluating the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and risk factors in diabetic pregnant women (case) in comparison with non-diabetic pregnant women (control) from Sanandaj, Kurdistan, west of Iran. Methods: In this case-control study Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were tested in 91 cases as well as 90 controls from referred the Toohid hospital diabetes center using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method during June 2018 to October 2019 in Sanandaj, Kurdistan, west of Iran. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 19 and using Chi-Square and Fisher tests.Results: The seropositivity for anti-Toxoplasma IgG in case group was 33% and 15.6% in the control group (p = 0.006) showing a statistically significant difference between groups, while for anti-Toxoplasma IgM (p = 0.31) showing no statistically significant differences between two groups. A significant relationship was observed between age (p = 0.024) and abortion history (p = 0.05) with anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies in cases and controls.Conclusion: The results of current study indicated statistically significant relationship between diabetes and toxoplasmosis. The abortion history and increase of age was found to be a major T. gondii infection risk factor.

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Association of interleukin-17A rs2275913 polymorphism with rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility in Sudanese population

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/20503121211020207 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 205031212110202

Author(s):

Rgda Mohamed Osman ◽

Mounkaila Noma ◽

Abdallah Elssir Ahmed ◽

Hanadi Abdelbagi ◽

Rihab Ali Omer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

Molecular Technique ◽

Interleukin 17A ◽

Significant Difference

Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. This study aimed to determine the association of interleukin-17A-197G/A polymorphism with rheumatoid arthritis in Sudanese patients. Methods: A case–control study was conducted between March and December 2018. Clinical and demographic data of the study participants were collected and analyzed. Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism molecular technique was done to investigate interleukin-17A-197G/A polymorphisms. All statistical tests were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. Results: The study population included 266 participants aged between 1 and 85 years, with an average of 40 years, classified into 85 (31.2%) cases (mean age 48.5 ± 11.3 years), and 181 (68.8%) controls (mean age 35.3 ± 15.9 years). The interleukin-17A homozygote AA genotype was more frequent among the control group compared to the case group; 95 (52.5%) and 7 (8.2%), respectively. The homozygote GG and the heterozygote AG genotypes were proportionally not different among the cases and control groups; 13 (54.2%) and 11 (45.8%), and 65 (46.4%) and 75 (53.6%), respectively. According to the distribution of interleukin-17A genotypes, a statistically significant difference was observed among cases with the interleukin-17A AA and AG genotypes, p values 0.001 and 0.004, respectively. For the association interleukin-17A genotypes and family history a negatively significant association was reported (95% confidence interval, –0.219, p value = 0.001). There was also a negatively significant association of interleukin-17A genotypes and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (95% confidence interval, −0.141, p value = 0.002). Conclusion: This study is the first study in Sudan established the association between interleukin-17A-197G/A (rs2275913) polymorphisms and susceptibly to rheumatoid arthritis. These findings appeal for further research in Sudan to investigate the exact role of IL-17A in immunopathology and disease severity among Sudanese rheumatoid arthritis

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Industrial pollution related health problems among residents of a rural area in central Kerala

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214042 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Suchithra Erath Thadathil ◽

Jaya Koothupalakkal Viswambharan ◽

Alok Kanjhoor Premdas ◽

Ashwin Raj

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Health Effects ◽

Rural Area ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adverse Health Effects ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Air pollution leads to several health effects, the major systems affected were respiratory, dermatology, neurology and ophthalmology. This study is an attempt to find out various health effects of pollution, from a food factory to the nearby residents.Methods: A cross sectional comparative study was performed on 248 residents nearby a food factory, situated in rural area of Thrissur district and a comparative group of 266 participants taken 5km away from this factory.Results: Both the groups were comparable in socio-demographic profile except religion and occupation. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the use of firewood in both the groups. The symptoms of major systems involved were respiratory (odds ratio 3.9, 95% CI 2.2 to 6.8), dermatological (odds ratio 18.3, 95% CI 8.3 to 40.7), neurological (odds ratio 13.5, 95% CI 4.1 to 44.7) and ophthalmological (odds ratio 5.9, 95% CI 2.6 to 13.6). The major symptoms complained by them were pruritus (32.7%), skin lesions (17.7%), breathlessness (16.9%), itching eye (13.3%) watering from eye (11.7%) and headache (11.3%). All these symptoms among the case group compared to control group were very high and these associations were highly statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusions: This study showed an increased occurrence of adverse health effects among the individuals who were residing near the food factory. Therefore this study points out the possibility of environmental pollution (mainly air pollution) as a main factor for the increased prevalence of symptoms among those who reside nearby the factory.

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The Relationship between the Type of Milk Consumed and the Risk of Kidney Stones in Children Under Two Years of Age

Journal of Iranian Medical Council ◽

10.18502/jimc.v3i4.5192 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hamideh Shajari ◽

Ahmad Shajari ◽

Mohammad Golshan Tafti ◽

Reza Samaninejad

Keyword(s):

Kidney Stones ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

Growth Disorders ◽

Formula Milk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Duration Of Breastfeeding

Background: Kidney stones are one of several serious health problems in childhood that cause nutritional and growth disorders, and may finally lead to chronic kidney failure in this group. Methods: In this analytical study conducted through a case-control design, 30 children under the age of two with kidney stones, and 125 children of the same age and sex without stones were studied. Patient information including personal profile and the results of some necessary tests were extracted from patient records and listed in a checklist. The data was analyzed using SPSS (Version 17.0). Statistical significance was considered when p-value was <0.05. Results: In terms of duration of breastfeeding, a significant difference was observed between the patients with stones and patients without stones; the duration of breastfeeding was longer in the control group (p=0.003). In addition, the duration of feeding with formula milk and cow milk was longer in the case group (p=0.038 and p=0.012, respectively). Conclusion: Breastfeeding can serve as a nutritional factor that plays a preventive and protective role against the formation of kidney stones in infants.

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Urinary Claudin-1 Level as a Marker of Podocyte Injury in Patients with Proteinuria

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcaa052.021 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

M E Nasser ◽

S M Shawky ◽

E A M Sanad

Keyword(s):

Wide Spectrum ◽

Cell Junction ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Podocyte Injury ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Diaphragm Cell ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background The biology of claudins is a rapidly evolving field, and many intriguing questions remain unanswered. Although it had been assumed that the reason there are ≥24 isoforms of claudin is that each one has distinct permeability properties. The nephron displays a wide spectrum of claudins, whose distribution varies in each tubular segment. In diabetic nephropathy and glomerulonephritis the gene expression of claudin-1, is markedly upregulated in the podocyte, accompanied by a tighter filtration slit diaphragm (cell-cell junction made by the glomerular podocytes) and the appearance of TJ-like structures between the foot processes causing further podocytes injury and proteinuria. Aim of the work to assess urinary claudin -1 level as a marker of podocyte injury in patients with proteinuria. Patients and Methods it is a case control study which was conducted upon 90 subjects who were divided into three groups: group I included 30 patients with type II DM, group II included 30 patients with glomerulonephritis and group III had 30 healthy subjects as controls. Urinary claudin-1 level was measured by Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Results In this study, we found that urinary claudin-1 level was significantly higher in diabetics group and GN group than in control group. In comparison between GN group and diabetic group, we found that urinary claudin-1 level was higher in GN group than in diabetics group but with no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion urinary claudin-1 level was significantly higher in diabetics and GN group and has positive correlation with uACR. So it can be used as marker of podocytes injury and proteinuria

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Relationship of Migraine and Body Mass Index (BMI)

Journal of Enam Medical College ◽

10.3329/jemc.v6i2.27762 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 80-87

Author(s):

Mohammed Momenuzzaman Khan ◽

Md Nazmul Huda ◽

Manabendra Bhattacharjee ◽

Md Jalal Uddin ◽

Mustofa Kamal Uddin Khan

Keyword(s):

Social Life ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Associated Symptoms ◽

Migraine Group ◽

The Relationship

Background: Migraine is an important cause of headache and headache-related disabilities. It increases loss of working time, causes inability to carry out daily activities and disruption of family and social life. The pathophysiology of migraine is still poorly understood. On the other hand, the prevalence of obesity is constantly increasing worldwide. The consequence of overweight and obesity includes increased risk of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cancer.Objectives: This study was performed to assess the relationship between BMI and migraine by finding out the relationship between migraine frequency and duration in different BMI groups, comparing the socio-demographic variables in migraine and non-migraine patients and to find out the migraine related co-morbidities.Materials and Methods: This observational case-control study was conducted on 100 subjects aged 1250 years in the Neurology Outpatient Department, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh in the period of January 2011 to December 2012. Out of total subjects fifty migraine patients were selected as cases and fifty nonmigraineurs as controls. Subjects were then categorized in three groups based on BMI: <23, 23 to 25 and >25. Collected data were compiled and appropriate analyses were done by using computer based software, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. For statistical analysis one way ANOVA tests were done for comparing means of quantitative data and Chi-square tests were done for qualitative data. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: In this study, majority (>95%) of the study subjects were between 10 and 35 years of age. Mean age of case group was found 25.55 ± 5.87 and that of control was 25.53 ± 4.22 years. Case group contained 10 (20%) males and 40 (80%) females whereas control group had 14 (28%) males and 36 (72%) females. Number of female cases and controls were higher than that of male. In control group 30 (60%) were unmarried and 20 (40%) were married. There was no significant difference in the financial condition between case and control groups. Students and housewives occupied the largest number of study subjects who were unemployed. Regarding residence, rural and urban patients were equal in case group and in control group 29 (58%) were urban and 21 (42%) rural. Mean duration of headache was 8.9 ± 7.5, 5.8 ± 6.7, 9.6 ± 14.3 years in different BMI groups (<23, 2325, >25 respectively) in case group and 4.6 ± 5.3, 4.4 ± 3.4, 3.4 ± 1.4 years in control group respectively. There was significant difference in quality of headache. In migrainous group 58.6% in BMI <23, 30% in BMI 2325, 36.4% in BMI >25 noted their headache as throbbing, in contrast most of the nonmigrainous described them as dull in nature. Mean frequency of headache per month was significantly higher in migraine group compared to non-migraine group (p=0.02). Regarding associated symptoms, nausea, vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia were observed significantly higher in migraine patients in BMI <23 group. Odd ratios (ORs) for vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia with 95% confidence interval (CI) were 23.385 (2.75297.739), 16.500 (3.060 88.971) and 13.000 (2.92257.846) respectively. Smoking was found significantly higher in nonmigrainous group than migraine group in case of BMI <23.Conclusion: From the result of present study it can be concluded that there is statistically no significant relation of BMI with frequency of headache, but some relationship were observed for associated symptoms of migraine with low BMI.J Enam Med Col 2016; 6(2): 80-87

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Evaluation of Serum Adipokines in Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2012/257808 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Claudia D. Gherman ◽

Aurel I. Mironiuc

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease ◽

Arterial Occlusive Disease ◽

Occlusive Disease ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Markers Of Inflammation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Peripheral Arterial

Aim. Out study aimed to assess the serum levels of adipokines in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) caused by atherosclerosis.Methods. Serum samples were obtained from 221 patients. One hundred and forty patients, (26 females and 114 males) met the inclusion criteria and were assigned into the case group. Eighty one patients (17 females and 64 males), were included in the control group. Circulating plasma levels of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and TNF-αwere measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results. Significant lower levels of adiponectin were present () in PAOD patients ( pg/mL) compared to the control group ( pg/mL). The mean value of leptin ( pg/mL) and resistin (2047.81±3301.08 pg/mL) patients included in the PAOD group was higher, as compared to the control group. Statistically significant difference was found between the two groups for leptin () and for resistin (). No statistically significant difference for TNF-αwas found between the two groups ().Conclusion. The markers of inflammation secreted by the adipose tissue (adiponectin, leptin, resistin) showed significant differences in patients from the case group (with PAOD) compared to the control group.

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Important Role of B2-Glycoprotien in Females with Recurrence Abortion

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance ◽

10.25258/ijpqa.v9i01.11356 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed Abbas Hasan ◽

Radhia Hussain Fadel ◽

Saeed Hilal Khudhair ◽

Doaa Hashim Jawad

Keyword(s):

Pearson Correlation ◽

Mean Value ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Recurrent Abortion ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Medical City ◽

And Gender ◽

Age Range

Recurrent abortion consider as one of the most common problem in world. There are different causes associated with recurrent abortion, these may be occur due to complication of microorganism infection or associated with immunological disturbance like abortion caused by Anti-phospholipid syndrome, or associated with SLE. The anti-b2glucoprotien antibodies have a role in abortion. In this study, we wish to determine whether there is a relationship between the levels of these anti-b2glucoprotien antibodies and abortion. Thirty females patients with spontaneous abortion (10 of them with Antiphospholipid syndrome,10 of them with systemic lupus erthymatosus and final 10 with toxoplasmosis with ages ranged between (20-46) where taken from (Al-Hussein Medical City/Kerbala). Control group consisted of 20 healthy people who were free from history of abortion who matched in age and gender with patients. B2gp(IgMandIgG) EASIA Kit, generic assay) and was studied using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. T-test and ANOVA and Pearson correlation used to analyze results by using SPSS version 24. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. The patients with age range blow 30 years show high percent(63.3%) among the other groups .most of the patients have high percent of 3 times abortion were reported in all different groups .The mean value of anti-B2gP-I IgG (45.354) show highly a significant difference results in aborted patients with APS and significant difference in patients with SLE when compared with controls groups. the Anti-B2gPI IgM not give statistically significant difference when camper to health cases. we conclude that the Anti-B2GPI IgG levels were increased significantly in aborted females with APS and SLE .

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Effect of Visual Experience on Spatial Learning of Rats

10.32592/ajnpp.2021.8.3.103 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Visual Information ◽

Movement Pattern ◽

Visual Deprivation ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Visual information acquired through observation plays a pivotal role in learning a movement pattern and motor control. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the effect of visual deprivation on learning in rats. Methods: The study sample consisted of 12 male rats, divided into three groups. Group I consisted of four rats and was considered the control group. Transection of the two optic nerves was performed on rats of group II on the seventh day after birth and group III on the seventh week after birth to develop the early blind and late blind models, respectively. A T-shaped maze device was utilized to evaluate the learning behavior of rats. Rats of groups II and III were blinded by the optic nerve surgery. In total, 20 trials per day were conducted for nine consecutive days, in which the time and number of correct arm entries were recorded. The ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed to analyze the results in SPSS software (version 16.0). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was a significant difference between the three groups regarding the number of correct arm entries on days one, three, and seven (P<0.05). There was also a significant difference between the three groups regarding how long it took them to enter the target box on days two and three (P<0.05). Group III had a lower number of entries to the target box and it took them a significantly longer time to enter the target box, compared to the other groups. Conclusion: According to the results, visual deprivation may affect the learning of rats during the early days; however, their learning levels increased over the following days. Moreover, the early blinded rats had a higher level of learning than the lately blinded adult rats and the same level of learning as that of the sighted adult rats.

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Comparison of 3-port with standard 4-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A clinical trial

Journal of Surgery and Trauma ◽

10.32592/jsurgery.2020.8.2.101 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 52-57

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽

Gallstone Disease ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

Double Blind ◽

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Duration Of Surgery

Introduction: Since the laparoscopic cholecystectomy was introduced first in 1990, the 4-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy was the gold standard. The 4-port (lateral) is used to hold gallbladder fundus and observe Calot's triangle. It is discussed that the 4-port technique is not required in many patients. Therefore, this study aimed to make a comparison between 3-port and 4-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy methods in the treatment of gallstone disease. Methods: A double-blind clinical trial was performed on patients admitted to Imam Reza Hospital, Birjand, Iran. The patients with gallstone disease (n=60) were randomly assigned into the case (3-port) and control (4-port) groups using balanced block randomization and underwent 3- or 4-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Postoperative pain was measured by a visual analog scale four h after surgery. The amount of pain-killer, duration of surgery, as well as length of stay and scars were measured in this study. Data were analyzed statistically in SPSS software (version 18) through the Chi-square test and t-test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The groups were compared in terms of demographic characteristics. There were 24 females (80%) and 6 males (20%) in the control group and 25 females (83.4%) and 5 males (16.7%) in the case group (P=0.739). Moreover, the mean ages of the control and case groups were 59.823±7.8 and 61.10±4.7, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the groups in this regard (P=0.348). Furthermore, length of operation (P=0.001) and analgesic consumption (P=0.001) in the 3-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy group were lower than those in the 4-port group; however, the hospital stay (P=0.896) was the same in both groups. Conclusions: The 3-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe, reliable, and cost-effective method in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

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