Digital Phenotyping in Clinical Neurology

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoopum S. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Data Streams ◽  
Personal Computers ◽  
Clinical Neurology ◽  
Digital Phenotyping ◽  
Cognitive Information ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
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AbstractInternet-connected devices, including personal computers, smartphones, smartwatches, and voice assistants, have evolved into powerful multisensor technologies that billions of people interact with daily to connect with friends and colleagues, access and share information, purchase goods, play games, and navigate their environment. Digital phenotyping taps into the data streams captured by these devices to characterize and understand health and disease. The purpose of this article is to summarize opportunities for digital phenotyping in neurology, review studies using everyday technologies to obtain motor and cognitive information, and provide a perspective on how neurologists can embrace and accelerate progress in this emerging field.

Introduction and approach to the patient with neurological disease

2010 ◽  
pp. 4743-4745
Author(s):  
Alastair Compston
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Clinical Neurology ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
And Function

Clinical neurology uses conversation, detailed questioning and discussion, observation, structured examination, and selective investigation to formulate problems into an anatomical and pathological framework. The competent neurologist senses and probes relevant components of the history, reliably elicits the physical signs, knows which investigations are necessary and relevant, appreciates the most likely underlying diagnosis and mechanism of disease, and communicates relevant information to the patient accurately, intelligibly, and sensitively. This system has evolved over several centuries, during which much knowledge has accumulated on structure and function in health and disease, the reliability of physical signs and laboratory investigations, and the nosology of disease....

DOES UNDERSTANDING BASIC NEUROSCIENCE CURE NEUROPHOBIA?

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. e4.140-e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Charalambous ◽  
Adrian Goh ◽  
Ferenc Los ◽  
Kanch Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Neurological Examination ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Clinical Neurology ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
University Of Bristol ◽  
The University

IntroductionNeurophobia – ‘a fear of the neural sciences and clinical neurology’1 is an established phenomenon amongst medical students and physicians.1–3 Conclusions from previous studies indicate a need for more neurology teaching,2 3 with basic neuroscience felt to be extremely useful.2 This study examines whether a concise, focused tutorial integrating basic neuroscience with clinical neurology helps overcome neurophobia.MethodsStudents from the University of Bristol (n=56) were surveyed using quantitative and qualitative questions pre/post/1 month after a 15 minute tutorial on neurological examination, integrating the relevant anatomy and physiology with clinical findings.ResultsAnalysis was performed using Wilcoxon signed ranks and Freidman testing. Comparing pre and post surveys there was a statistically significant improvement (p<0.05) in knowledge, confidence and understanding of clinical signs. Importantly this increased confidence persisted when students were re-surveyed 1 month later. Responses to difficulties faced when learning neurology include the following themes (1) complex/overwhelming subject, (2) lack of teaching, (3) inability to correlate neuroanatomy with clinical presentation.ConclusionWhen teaching students (or even clinicians) with “neurophobia”, always commence with a review of basic neuroscience as a foundation on which to build an understanding of neurological function in health and disease.

Introduction and approach to the patient with neurological disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 5775-5777
Author(s):  
Alastair Compston ◽  
Christopher Kennard
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Clinical Neurology ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
And Function

Clinical neurology uses conversation, detailed questioning, and discussion, observation, structured examination, and selective investigation to formulate the patients’ problems into an anatomical and pathological framework. The competent neurologist identifies and probes relevant components of the history, reliably elicits the physical signs, knows which investigations are necessary and relevant, appreciates the most likely underlying diagnosis and mechanism of disease, and communicates relevant information to the patient accurately, intelligibly, and sensitively. This system has evolved over several centuries, during which much knowledge has accumulated on structure and function in health and disease, the reliability of physical signs and laboratory investigations, and the nosology of disease.

scholarly journals Mutation hotspots, geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 lineages in Brazil, February 2020 to February 2021: insights and limitations from uneven sequencing efforts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius Bonetti Franceschi ◽  
Patricia Aline Grohs Ferrareze ◽  
Ricardo Ariel Zimerman ◽  
Gabriela Bettella Cybis ◽  
Claudia Elizabeth Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Mutational Spectra ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Research Investments ◽  
High Quality Genome ◽  
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The COVID-19 pandemic has already reached approximately 110 million people and it is associated with 2.5 million deaths worldwide. Brazil is the third worst-hit country, with approximately 10.2 million cases and 250 thousand deaths. International efforts have been established to share information about SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology and evolution. However, sequencing facilities and research investments are very heterogeneous across different regions and countries. The understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 evolution plays a significant role in the development of effective strategies for public health and disease management. We aimed to analyze the available and high-quality genome sequences from Brazil between February 2020 and February 2021 to identify mutation hotspots, geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 lineages by using phylogenetics and phylodynamics analyses. We describe heterogeneous and episodic sequencing efforts, the progression of the different lineages along time, evaluating mutational spectra and frequency oscillations derived from the prevalence of novel and specific lineages across different Brazilian regions. We found at least seven major (1-7) and two minor clades (4.2 and 5.3) related to the six most prevalent lineages in the country and described its spatial distribution and dynamics. The emergence and recent frequency shift of lineages (P.1 and P.2) containing mutations of concern in the spike protein (e. g., E484K, N501Y) draws attention due to their association with immune evasion and enhanced receptor binding affinity. Improvements in genomic surveillance are of paramount importance and should be extended in Brazil to better inform policy makers and enable evidence-based decisions to fight the COVID-19 pandemic.

Drug Induced Changes in Cell Organelles

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Luse
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Riboflavin Deficiency ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
New Era ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Cellular Pathology ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact

In the mid-nineteenth century Virchow revolutionized pathology by introduction of the concept of “cellular pathology”. Today, a century later, this term has increasing significance in health and disease. We now are in the beginning of a new era in pathology, one which might well be termed “organelle pathology” or “subcellular pathology”. The impact of lysosomal diseases on clinical medicine exemplifies this role of pathology of organelles in elucidation of disease today.Another aspect of cell organelles of prime importance is their pathologic alteration by drugs, toxins, hormones and malnutrition. The sensitivity of cell organelles to minute alterations in their environment offers an accurate evaluation of the site of action of drugs in the study of both function and toxicity. Examples of mitochondrial lesions include the effect of DDD on the adrenal cortex, riboflavin deficiency on liver cells, elevated blood ammonia on the neuron and some 8-aminoquinolines on myocardium.

Computers for data, control and simulation

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 920-921
Author(s):  
David C. Joy
Keyword(s):  
Personal Computers ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Data Control ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Control

Personal computers (PCs) are a powerful resource in the EM Laboratory, both as a means of automating the monitoring and control of microscopes, and as a tool for quantifying the interpretation of data. Not only is a PC more versatile than a piece of dedicated data logging equipment, but it is also substantially cheaper. In this tutorial the practical principles of using a PC for these types of activities will be discussed.The PC can form the basis of a system to measure, display, record and store the many parameters which characterize the operational conditions of the EM. In this mode it is operating as a data logger. The necessary first step is to find a suitable source from which to measure each of the items of interest. It is usually possible to do this without having to make permanent corrections or modifications to the EM.

Twitter Usage Using Common Reference to Tinnitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-217
Author(s):  
Jianyuan Ni ◽  
Monica L. Bellon-Harn ◽  
Jiang Zhang ◽  
Yueqing Li ◽  
Vinaya Manchaiah
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Twitter Users ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
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Objective The objective of the study was to examine specific patterns of Twitter usage using common reference to tinnitus. Method The study used cross-sectional analysis of data generated from Twitter data. Twitter content, language, reach, users, accounts, temporal trends, and social networks were examined. Results Around 70,000 tweets were identified and analyzed from May to October 2018. Of the 100 most active Twitter accounts, organizations owned 52%, individuals owned 44%, and 4% of the accounts were unknown. Commercial/for-profit and nonprofit organizations were the most common organization account owners (i.e., 26% and 16%, respectively). Seven unique tweets were identified with a reach of over 400 Twitter users. The greatest reach exceeded 2,000 users. Temporal analysis identified retweet outliers (> 200 retweets per hour) that corresponded to a widely publicized event involving the response of a Twitter user to another user's joke. Content analysis indicated that Twitter is a platform that primarily functions to advocate, share personal experiences, or share information about management of tinnitus rather than to provide social support and build relationships. Conclusions Twitter accounts owned by organizations outnumbered individual accounts, and commercial/for-profit user accounts were the most frequently active organization account type. Analyses of social media use can be helpful in discovering issues of interest to the tinnitus community as well as determining which users and organizations are dominating social network conversations.

From the Editor of a Special Edition-Division 1/Division 9 Newsletter

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Special Edition ◽  
Hearing Disorders ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
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It is my pleasure to introduce this newsletter, which is the first collaborative effort between Division 1, Language Learning and Education and Division 9, Hearing and Hearing Disorders in Childhood to share information we believe affiliates from both divisions will find useful.

The Laryngeal Epithelium in Reflux

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Erickson-Levendoski ◽  
Mahalakshmi Sivasankar
Keyword(s):  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Laryngeal Disease ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

The epithelium plays a critical role in the maintenance of laryngeal health. This is evident in that laryngeal disease may result when the integrity of the epithelium is compromised by insults such as laryngopharyngeal reflux. In this article, we will review the structure and function of the laryngeal epithelium and summarize the impact of laryngopharyngeal reflux on the epithelium. Research investigating the ramifications of reflux on the epithelium has improved our understanding of laryngeal disease associated with laryngopharyngeal reflux. It further highlights the need for continued research on the laryngeal epithelium in health and disease.

Studies on Gastric Mucus in Health and Disease

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 758-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lansing C. Hoskins ◽  
Norman Zamcheck
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucus ◽  
Health And Disease
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