Swimming Performance Changes During the Final 3 Weeks of Training Leading to the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 582-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mujika ◽  
S. Padilla ◽  
D. Pyne
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Swimming Performance

Breaking the Myth That Relay Swimming Is Faster Than Individual Swimming

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Skorski ◽  
Naroa Etxebarria ◽  
Kevin G. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Performance Times ◽  
Race Performance ◽  
Split Time ◽  
Relay Race

Purpose:To investigate if swimming performance is better in a relay race than in the corresponding individual race.Methods:The authors analyzed 166 elite male swimmers from 15 nations in the same competition (downloaded from www.swimrankings.net). Of 778 observed races, 144 were Olympic Games performances (2000, 2004, 2012), with the remaining 634 performed in national or international competitions. The races were 100-m (n = 436) and 200-m (n = 342) freestyle events. Relay performance times for the 2nd–4th swimmers were adjusted (+ 0.73 s) to allow for the “flying start.”Results:Without any adjustment, mean individual relay performances were significantly faster for the first 50 m and overall time in the 100-m events. Furthermore, the first 100 m of the 200-m relay was significantly faster (P > .001). During relays, swimmers competing in 1st position did not show any difference compared with their corresponding individual performance (P > .16). However, swimmers competing in 2nd–4th relay-team positions demonstrated significantly faster times in the 100-m (P < .001) and first half of the 200-m relays than in their individual events (P < .001, ES: 0.28–1.77). However, when finishing times for 2nd–4th relay team positions were adjusted for the flying start no differences were detected between relay and individual race performance for any event or split time (P > .17).Conclusion:Highly trained swimmers do not swim (or turn) faster in relay events than in their individual races. Relay exchange times account for the difference observed in individual vs relay performance.

scholarly journals Analysis of 50-, 100-, and 200-m Freestyle Swimmers at the 1992 Olympic Games

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Arellano ◽  
Peter Brown ◽  
Jane Cappaert ◽  
Richard C. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Average Velocity ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Stroke Rate ◽  
Final Time ◽  
Stroke Length ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Starting Time

The performances of 335 male and female swimmers competing in 50-, 100-, and 200-m freestyle events at the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games were videotaped and analyzed to determine stroke length (SL), stroke rate (SR), starting time (ST), turning times (TI = turn in, TO = turn out), finishing (end) time (ET), and average velocity (AV); relationships were then determined among these variables in addition to height, weight, age, and final time (FT). Differences were subsequently assessed within and among the events, and comparisons were made between male and female performances. ST, TI, TO, ET, and SL were identified as principal components of successful swimming performance at each distance. Results revealed statistically significant correlations between factors for all events. The men were older and taller; possessed longer stroke lengths; and started, turned, and swam faster than the women. As the race distance increased from 50 to 200 m, ST, TI, TO, SL, and ET increased for both men and women, while age, SR, and AV decreased.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Swimming Performance and Time Parameters of the Start and Turn

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Ľuboš Grznár ◽  
Daniel Jurák ◽  
Jana Labudová
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Swimming Training ◽  
Time Parameters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Olympic Games

Summary The start and the turn are factors that influence performance in different swimming disciplines. The aim of this study was to find out the relationship of selected time parameters of the start and the turn with sport performance of 100 m and 1 500 m freestyle finalists in the Olympic Games 2016. Monitored parameters of the start were the start reaction, time under water after the start, and time at a distance of 15 m after the start. The monitored parameters of the turn were the time of 5 m before the turn, the duration of the turn, the time under water after the turn, and time reached at a distance of 15 m after the turn. There was any significant correlation of the resulting time to 1 500 m and the observed start indicators. The significant correlation of the resulting time to 1 500 m and the observed turn indicators was time 5 m before the turn r = 0.952 (p = 0.000); the duration of the turn r = 0.830 (p = 0.011); time at a distance of 15 m after the turn r = 0.886 (p = 0.003). The significant correlation of the resulting time to 100 m and the observed start indicators was time under water after the start r = −0.714 (p = 0.047). The significant correlation of the resulting time to 100 m and the observed turn indicators was the duration of the turn was r = 0.905 (p = 0.002). The results point out the existing relations between 100 m freestyle and time under water after start and duration of the turn. And for 1 500 m existing relations with time 5 m before the turn, the duration of the turn and time at a distance of 15 m after the turn. Therefore, our recommendations for sports practice include development of speed, power and coordination skills with technical execution of the start and the turn into regular swimming training.

scholarly journals Predicting Breaststroke and Butterfly Stroke Results in Swimming Based on Olympics History

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6621
Author(s):  
Maciej Hołub ◽  
Arkadiusz Stanula ◽  
Jakub Baron ◽  
Wojciech Głyk ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Model ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Record Times ◽  
The Future ◽  
Butterfly Stroke

Here we describe historic variations in Olympic breaststroke and butterfly performance and predict swimming results for the 2021 Olympic Games in Tokyo. The results of the finalists, winners, and last participants in the women’s and men’s finals were analyzed, and a mathematical predictive model was created. The predicted times for the future Olympics were presented. Swimming performance among Olympians has been steadily improving, with record times of 18.51 s for female finalists in the 100 m butterfly (a 24.63% improvement) and 31.33 s for male finalists in the 200 m butterfly (21.44%). The results in all analyzed groups showed improvement in athletic performance, and the gap between the finalists has narrowed. Women Olympians’ performances have improved faster than men’s, reducing the gap between genders. We conclude that swimming performance among Olympians is continuing to improve.

Analysis of Male and Female Olympic Swimmers in the 100-Meter Events

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Kennedy ◽  
Peter Brown ◽  
Somadeepti N. Chengalur ◽  
Richard C. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Stroke Rate ◽  
Final Time ◽  
Stroke Length ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Performance ◽  
Dominant Feature

The performance of male and female swimmers (N = 397) competing in the preliminary heats of the four 100-meter swimming events during the Seoul Olympic Games was videotaped and later analyzed to determine stroke rate (SR) and stroke length (SL). These data were combined with age, height, and final time (FT) values for statistical analyses which included the relationships among these variables, comparison of male and female performance, and assessment of differences in the four events. The results revealed the following ranges of correlations between SR and SL (rs from −0.65 to −0.90), SL and FT (rs from −0.32 to −0.80), height and SL (0.19 to 0.58), and age and FT (-0.16 to −.051). The factor of SL was identified as the dominant feature of successful swimming performance. The men were older and taller, had longer stroke lengths and higher stroke rates (two of four events), and swam faster than the women. The differences in final times across the four events (freestyle fastest, breaststroke slowest) were due to specific combinations of SR and SL, with neither parameter being consistently dominant.

scholarly journals Análisis del rendimiento de las pruebas de natación en los JJOO “Rio2016 (Swimming performance analysis in 2016 Summer Olympic Games)

Retos ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 256-259
Author(s):  
Jose María González Ravé ◽  
Daniel Juárez Santos-García ◽  
Inmaculada Yustres Amores
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
T Test ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Mean

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los resultados en natación de los Juegos Olímpicos (JJOO) Río 2016 teniendo como variables del estudio el país de procedencia, pruebas y estilo, fecha de nacimiento, género del participante, puesto obtenido y records, teniendo en cuenta los datos correspondientes a las finales de las pruebas de piscina. La muestra de este estudio corresponde a los medallistas (puestos 1-3) y finalistas (puestos 4-8) contando con 240 entradas en la base de datos. Para analizar las posibles diferencias en cuanto a la edad en función de los estilos de nado, se aplicó un ANOVA de un factor. Para analizar las diferencias en la edad en función del género se llevó a cabo una prueba T para muestras independientes. Los resultados muestran como en todos los estilos la edad media es similar, siendo ligeramente más baja para las pruebas de 200 y 400 m estilos individual, y algo más alta para la prueba de espalda, no existiendo diferencias significativas entre los distintos estilos. No existan diferencias significativas en cada uno de los estilos en la edad media de los nadadores (considerando el año de nacimiento) entre hombres y mujeres, en todos los casos la media de edad es inferior en los hombres.Abstract: The objective of this article is to analyze the results of the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio 2016, taking as variables of the study the country, events, date of birth, gender of the participant, taking into account the data corresponding to the finalist of events. The sample of this study corresponds to the medalists (positions 1-3) and finalists (positions 4-8) with 240 entries in the database. To analyze possible differences in terms of age in terms of swimming styles, an Anova of one factor was performed. A T-test for independent samples was used to analyze differences in age according to gender. The results showed that in all events the mean age is similar, being slightly lower for the tests of 200 and 400 m individual events, and somewhat higher backstroke, no significant differences were found between different events. In addition, No significant differences were found between events mean age of swimmers (considering the year of birth) between men and women, in all cases the mean age is lower in men.

scholarly journals How Much the Swimming Performance Leading to Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games Was Impaired Due to the Covid-19 Lockdown?

2021 ◽  
pp. 714-720
Author(s):  
Mário J. Costa ◽  
Nuno D. Garrido ◽  
Daniel A. Marinho ◽  
Catarina C. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Retrospective Design ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Post Hoc

The aim of this study was to analyze the progression and stability in the performance of world-ranked swimmers from 2015 to 2020, and the impairment induced by the COVID-19 lockdown. An observational retrospective design over five consecutive competitive seasons was selected. FINA’s male Top-50 who were qualified for the Tokyo Olympic Games were considered in freestyle, backstroke, backstroke, and butterfly events. A total of 515 male swimmers and 2060 season-best performances were analyzed. All data was retrieved from two open-access and public websites (Swimrankings and Swimcloud). Repeated measures ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test was performed to analyze the variation between seasons. Stabilization in performance was assessed using spearman correlation coefficients. A significant improvement in performance ≈0.5-2.5% was found in most of the strokes and race distances until the 2018-2019 season. The 2020 lockdown impaired the performance by 1-2%. Moderate to high associations were found in the 2017-2018 season when considering the 2019-2020 performance. The breaststroke was the only stroke with a moderate-high stability (r > 0.40) in all race distances considering the overall time period. It can be concluded that world-ranked swimmers’ performance was impaired by 1-2% due to the COVID-19 lockdown, returning to levels that were reached two years earlier.

The Effects of Significant International Sports Events on Hungarian Suicide Rates

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoly Bozsonyi ◽  
Peter Osvath ◽  
Sandor Fekete ◽  
Lajos Bálint
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Intervention Analysis ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
The Olympic Games

Abstract. Background: Several studies found a significant relationship between important sport events and suicidal behavior. Aims: We set out to investigate whether there is a significant relationship between the raw suicide rate and the most important international sports events (Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, UEFA European Championship) in such an achievement-oriented society as the Hungarian one, where these sport events receive great attention. Method: We examined suicide cases occurring over 15,706 days between January 1, 1970, and December 31, 2012 (43 years), separately for each gender. Because of the age-specific characteristics of suicide, the effects of these sport events were analyzed for the middle-aged (30–59 years old) and the elderly (over 60 years old) generations as well as for gender-specific population groups. The role of international sport events was examined with the help of time-series intervention analysis after cyclical and seasonal components were removed. Intervention analysis was based on the ARIMA model. Results: Our results showed that only the Olympic Games had a significant effect in the middle-aged population. Neither in the older male nor in any of the female age groups was a relationship between suicide and Olympic Games detected. Conclusion: The Olympic Games seem to decrease the rate of suicide among middle-aged men, slightly but significantly.

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