scholarly journals Análisis del rendimiento de las pruebas de natación en los JJOO “Rio2016 (Swimming performance analysis in 2016 Summer Olympic Games)

Retos ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 256-259
Author(s):  
Jose María González Ravé ◽  
Daniel Juárez Santos-García ◽  
Inmaculada Yustres Amores
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
T Test ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Mean

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los resultados en natación de los Juegos Olímpicos (JJOO) Río 2016 teniendo como variables del estudio el país de procedencia, pruebas y estilo, fecha de nacimiento, género del participante, puesto obtenido y records, teniendo en cuenta los datos correspondientes a las finales de las pruebas de piscina. La muestra de este estudio corresponde a los medallistas (puestos 1-3) y finalistas (puestos 4-8) contando con 240 entradas en la base de datos. Para analizar las posibles diferencias en cuanto a la edad en función de los estilos de nado, se aplicó un ANOVA de un factor. Para analizar las diferencias en la edad en función del género se llevó a cabo una prueba T para muestras independientes. Los resultados muestran como en todos los estilos la edad media es similar, siendo ligeramente más baja para las pruebas de 200 y 400 m estilos individual, y algo más alta para la prueba de espalda, no existiendo diferencias significativas entre los distintos estilos. No existan diferencias significativas en cada uno de los estilos en la edad media de los nadadores (considerando el año de nacimiento) entre hombres y mujeres, en todos los casos la media de edad es inferior en los hombres.Abstract: The objective of this article is to analyze the results of the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio 2016, taking as variables of the study the country, events, date of birth, gender of the participant, taking into account the data corresponding to the finalist of events. The sample of this study corresponds to the medalists (positions 1-3) and finalists (positions 4-8) with 240 entries in the database. To analyze possible differences in terms of age in terms of swimming styles, an Anova of one factor was performed. A T-test for independent samples was used to analyze differences in age according to gender. The results showed that in all events the mean age is similar, being slightly lower for the tests of 200 and 400 m individual events, and somewhat higher backstroke, no significant differences were found between different events. In addition, No significant differences were found between events mean age of swimmers (considering the year of birth) between men and women, in all cases the mean age is lower in men.

scholarly journals Analysis of 50-, 100-, and 200-m Freestyle Swimmers at the 1992 Olympic Games

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Arellano ◽  
Peter Brown ◽  
Jane Cappaert ◽  
Richard C. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Average Velocity ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Stroke Rate ◽  
Final Time ◽  
Stroke Length ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Starting Time

The performances of 335 male and female swimmers competing in 50-, 100-, and 200-m freestyle events at the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games were videotaped and analyzed to determine stroke length (SL), stroke rate (SR), starting time (ST), turning times (TI = turn in, TO = turn out), finishing (end) time (ET), and average velocity (AV); relationships were then determined among these variables in addition to height, weight, age, and final time (FT). Differences were subsequently assessed within and among the events, and comparisons were made between male and female performances. ST, TI, TO, ET, and SL were identified as principal components of successful swimming performance at each distance. Results revealed statistically significant correlations between factors for all events. The men were older and taller; possessed longer stroke lengths; and started, turned, and swam faster than the women. As the race distance increased from 50 to 200 m, ST, TI, TO, SL, and ET increased for both men and women, while age, SR, and AV decreased.

Lee Acculturation Dream Scale for Korean-American College Students

2005 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 454-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Bok Lee
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Korean American ◽  
T Test ◽  
Korean Immigrant ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dream Narratives

This study examined acculturation as represented in dream narratives of 165 Korean immigrant college students living in the USA. A total of 165 dreams were collected and evaluated using the Lee Acculturation Dream Scale, for which locations of dream contents were coded. 39% of the dreams took place in South Korea, while 38% were in the USA. Also, 16% of the dreams included both locations, whereas 7% had no specific dream location. The dreams contained overlapping dream messages, images, scenes, and interactions in both South Korea and the USA. A two-sample t test on the mean scores of the Lee Acculturation Dream Scale indicated no significant difference between men and women.

PENINGKATAN KUALITAS HIDUP MELALUI LOGOTERAPI PADA KLIEN YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Abdul Wakhid ◽  
Ana Puji Astuti ◽  
Maya Kurnia Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean

Logoterapi merupakan terapi untuk menemukan makna positif dibalik sebuah kejadian yang tidak diharapkan. Logoterapi dilaksanakan secara individu maupun berkelompok dalam bentuk konseling dan berorientasi pada pencarian makna hidup individu. Tujuan logoterapi meningkatkan makna pengalaman hidup individu yang diarahkan kepada pengambilan keputusan yang bertanggung jawab. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan pre-experiment dengan metode pre and post test group, artinya pengumpulan data dilakukan terhadap responden untuk membandingkan kualitas hidup sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode total sampling yaitu pengambilan seluruh sampel dengan tetap memperhatikan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Jumlah pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUD Ungaran sebanyak 21 orang dan di RSUD Ambarawa sebanyak 25 pasien. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji t test dependent. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa dari 46 responden didapatkan rata-rata skor kualitas hidup pasien yang mejalani hemodialisis sebesar 60.22 dengan skor terrendah 55 dan skor tertinggi 69. Bahwa dari 46 responden didapatkan rata-rata skor kualitas hidup pasien yang mejalani hemodialisis sebesar 88.72 dengan skor terrendah 79 dan skor tertinggi 103. Hasil uji statistik dengan uji t test dependent diketahui ada pengaruh logoterapi terhadap kemampuan memaknai hidup pada klien yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUD Kabupaten Semarang (p value: 0,0001). Saran perlunya peningkatan kemampuan perawat dalam memberikan layanan kesehatan termasuk pemberian atau pemanduan penemuan makna hidup bagi pasien hemodialysis, agar selain dengan hemodialysis, ada faktor internal dari pasien yang dapat dijadikan sebagai motivasi untuk sembuh dari penyakit.   Kata Kunci: Logoterapi, kualitas hidup   IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH RENAL FAILURE WHO UNDERWENT HEMODIALYSIS   ABSTRACT Logotherapy is a therapy to discover the positive meaning behind an unexpected event. Logotherapy is carried out individually or in groups in the form of counseling and oriented to the search for the meaning of individual life. This study aims to improve the quality of life of patients with renal failure who underwent hemodialysis. This research was conducted by using pre-experiment with pre-post test study. The sampling technique was done by the convenience sampling. The number of patients undergoing hemodialysis as many as 46 respondents. Data analysis was done by using test t test dependent. The result showed that from 46 respondents got the mean of quality of life of patients who had hemodialysis 60.22 with lowest score 55 and highest score 69. Whereas from 46 respondents got the mean score of life quality of patients who had hemodialysis 88.72 with score the lowest score 79 and the highest score 103. The result of statistical test with t test dependent is known there is influence of logoterapi to the ability of meaningful life on client who undergo hemodialysis at Semarang Regency hospitals (p value: 0.0001). Advice on the need to improve the nurse's ability to provide health services, including the provision or guidance of the discovery of the meaning of life for hemodialysis patients, in addition to hemodialysis, there are internal factors of the patient that can be used as a motivation to recover from illness.   Keywords: Logotherapy, quality of life, kidney failure.  

Rice tablet (Aluminum Phosphide) poisoning

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 5041
Author(s):  
Farkhondeh Jamshidi ◽  
Ahmad Ghorbani ◽  
Sina Darvishi*
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Patient Records ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Aluminum Phosphide ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning ◽  
Commit Suicide

The abuse of some pesticides especially to suicide is one of the current problems of pesticides. Aluminum phosphide induced poisoning usually happens to suicide and sometimes it is due to accidental occupational exposure and in a few cases it has some criminal intensions. This study is conducted to evaluate patients poisoned with aluminum phosphide. In the present study the medical records of cases of poisoning with rice tablets (aluminum phosphide) hospitalized in Ahvaz Razi hospital is studied. Accordingly, a checklist is prepared that included demographic information of patients (age, gender) and information on patient records (information on poisoning) are completed using the patients’ medical records. The analysis of data is done by SPSS V22. 18 patients poisoned with rice tablet (aluminum phosphide) are studied. Results of the study show that 11 patients are male and seven are female. The mean patient age is 27.06 ±8.04 years that is 28 ±9 and 25 ±6.02 in men and women respectively. Statistical tests show no statistically significant difference in mean age in both genders (P> 0.05). Among patients, 11 subjects took aluminum phosphide to attempt suicide and 3 cases took it unintentionally and of course the reason is not mentioned in four cases. Among the patients who tried to commit suicide by taking aluminum phosphide, 6 cases are male and 5 cases are female that no statistically significant difference is observed between the genders in this respect (P> 0.05). In addition to the study of the complications caused by this poisoning and its mortality, it is recommended to responsible authorities to provide the necessary educations and treatments to prevent this type of poisoning.

Digital volumetric measurements based on 3D scans of the lower limb: A valid and reproducible method for evaluation in lymphedema therapy. (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Schiltz ◽  
Natalie Kiermeier ◽  
Dominik Eibl ◽  
Christoph Koch ◽  
Karolina Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
T Test ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Reproducible Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
3D Scans ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Volumetric Measurements

BACKGROUND Exact quantification of volumetric changes of the extremities is difficult. There are several direct and indirect methods to assess extremity volume. As water displacement volumetry is rarely viable in a clinical setting and circumference measurements are prone to errors due to poor reproducibility and high inter- and intra-observer variability, an objective and easily reproducible method is indispensable. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to establish a standardized method based on 3D scans with defined caudal and cranial landmarks of the lower leg which allows for measurements of exactly the same body area. Furthermore, this study tests the method in terms of reproducibility and evaluates volume changes after surgical therapy in patients suffering from lymphedema. METHODS 3D-scans of the lower limb were performed with a mobile 3D-scanner. Volumetric calculation was done digitally. “Repeatability“ and “Inter-observer reliability” of digital volumetry were tested. Furthermore, the method was applied on 31 patients suffering from chronic lymphedema. ANOVA (analyses of variance) was conducted to compare the digital volumetric measurements. To assess the sensitivity to changes in digital volumetry, the mean volume of 31 patients before and 3 months after therapy were compared by a paired t-Test. RESULTS Calculations of repeatability of the volume based on 20 3D-scans of the same lower leg showed a mean volume of 2,488 ± 0,011 liters (range: 2,470 – 2,510). The mean volume of the 7 measurements of the 3 examiners did not differ significantly (F(2,18) = 1,579, p = .233). The paired t-Test showed a significant mean volume decrease of 375ml (95% CI = 245/505ml) between pre and post treatment (t (30) =5,892, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS 3D-Volumetry is a noninvasive, easy and quick method to assess volume changes of the lower leg. Other than the costs, it is reproducible and precise and therefore ideal for evolution of therapy in lymphedema.

scholarly journals Pattern of symptom improvement following endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis

BMC Surgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma S. Al Sharhan ◽  
Mohammed H. Al Bar ◽  
Shahad Y. Assiri ◽  
Assayl R. AlOtiabi ◽  
Deemah M. Bin-Nooh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
T Test ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
P Value ◽  
Psychological Dysfunction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Snot 22

Abstract Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common inflammation of the nose and the paranasal sinuses. Intractable CRS cases are generally treated with endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Although the effect of ESS on CRS symptoms has been studied, the pattern of symptom improvement after ESS for CRS is yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude and sequence of symptom improvement after ESS for CRS, and to assess the possible preoperative factors that predict surgical outcomes in CRS patients. Methods This was a longitudinal prospective study of 68 patients who had CRS (with or without nasal polyps). The patients underwent ESS at King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia. The Sino-nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) questionnaire was used for assessment at four time points during the study: pre-ESS, 1-week post-ESS, 4 weeks post-ESS, and 6 months post-ESS. Results The difference between the mean scores recorded for the five SNOT-22 domains pre-ESS and 6 months post-ESS were as follows: rhinologic symptoms (t-test = 7.22, p-value =  < 0.001); extra-nasal rhinologic symptoms (t-test = 4.87, p-value =  < 0.001); ear/facial symptoms (t-test = 6.34, p-value =  < 0.001); psychological dysfunction (t-test = 1.99, p-value = 0.049); and sleep dysfunction (t-test = 5.58, p-value =  < 0.001). There was a significant difference between the mean scores recorded for the five domains pre-ESS and 6 months post-ESS. Rhinologic symptoms had the largest effect size (d = 1.12), whereas psychological dysfunction had the least effect size (d = 0.24). The only statistically significant difference in the SNOT-22 mean scores recorded 4 weeks post-ESS was observed between allergic and non-allergic patients (t = − 2.16, df = 66, p = 0.035). Conclusion Understanding the pattern of symptom improvement following ESS for CRS will facilitate patient counselling and aid the optimization of the current treatment protocols to maximize surgical outcomes and quality of life. Level of evidence Prospective observational.

scholarly journals AB0100 EVALUATION OF PGA LEVEL FOR CLINICAL REMISSION WITH BOOLEAN CRITERIA, 10MM OR 20MM?

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1078.1-1079
Author(s):  
I. Yoshii
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Global Assessment ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
T Test ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Remission Criteria ◽  
The Mean

Background:Patient’s global assessment (PGA) is one important component of Boolean composite criteria for remission in treat with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, PGA no more than 10mm is sometimes obstacle to attain clinical remission. In recent few years, one opinion that PGA no more than 20mm may be comparable as no more than 10mm.Objectives:The aim of this study is to analyze how difference of these PGA level affect disease activity and daily activities in living, and evaluate which is optimal for the remission with Boolean remission criteria from real world setting.Methods:RA patients who were followed up for more than three years in the institute were picked up in the study. Each patient was monitored with tenderness joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), PGA, evaluator’s global assessment (EGA), serum C-reactive protein level (CRP), calculated disease activity score with simplified disease activity index(SDAI), Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), and pain score using visual analog scale (PS-VAS) every consulted time from the first encounter (Baseline). Patients were classified according to achievement of Boolean remission criteria. Group 1: a patient group who attained Boolean remission wih TJC≦1, SJC≦1, CRP≦1mg/dl, and PGA≦1 (G-1), Group 2: a patient group who could not attained the Boolean remission used in the G-1 evaluation, but could attained another Boolean remission with TJC≦1, SJC≦1, CRP≦1mg/dl, and PGA≦2 (G-2), and Group 3: a patient group who could not attain Boolean remission for neither criterion.Mean values of measured parameters at Baseline and after the Baseline were compared statistically with Student T-test. Mean values of the same parameters in the G-1 and G-2 at the time of attain Boolean remission for each criteria, mean values of each of these parameters thereafter, and changes of these parameters were compared statistically with Student T-test.Results:A total of 438 patients 385 in the G-1 group, 16 in the G-2 group, and 37 in the G-3 group, were recruited. In parameters at Baseline, level of TJC, SJC, PGA, EGA, SDAI, and HAQ-DI in the G-1 was significantly lower than in the G-3, whereas no significant differences in any parameters demonstrated between in the G-2 and G-3. Level of HAQ-DI, and PS-VAS after Baseline in the G-1 was lower than in the G-3, whereas no significant difference of these parameters after Baseline demonstrated between in the G-2 and G-3. TJC, SJC, PGA, and EGA demonstrated significant less level in the G-1 than in the other two groups. The mean SDAI score at the time of first achievement of Boolean remission in the G-1 and G-2 were 1.08 and 2.57, respectively. The mean value of SDAI score after remission in the G-1 and G-2 were 3.35 and 6.44, respectively. These values and PS-VAS including change of the SDAI score demonstrated significant difference between the two groups (p<0.01), whereas HAQ-DI in the two groups demonstrated no significant difference.Conclusion:These results suggested that setting PGA as no more than 10mm should be reasonable for the evaluation of clinical remission with the Boolean criteria.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Medical Utilization for Ischemic Heart Disease Among Newly Diagnosed Hypertensive Korean Patients (P04-170-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiae Shin ◽  
Dongwoo Ham ◽  
Seoeun Ahn ◽  
Hee-Young Paik ◽  
Hyojee Joung
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Medical Utilization ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Medical Care Utilization ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to investigate sex differences in the medical utilization for ischemic heart disease (IHD) among newly diagnosed hypertensive patients using a cohort data of South Korea. Methods We analyzed the National Sample Cohort version 2.0 of the National Health Insurance Service. Newly diagnosed hypertensive patients aged 40–84 were extracted from the baseline population, who received health examinations during 2003–2006 without pre-existing type 2 diabetes or circulatory diseases. Propensity score was applied to match men to women with the same ratio of body mass index (BMI) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) among the patients. Men and women (each 10, 110) were selected for analyses and followed until the end of 2015. Person-year was defined as the period from the diagnosis of hypertension to the incidence of IHD. Associations between IHD and the medical care utilization such as the mean of medical care visit, the mean medical cost, and the type and the location of medical care providers were investigated using Cox proportional hazard model. Hazard ratios (HR) of IHD according to medical care utilization were adjusted for age, income, BMI, FBG, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Results Incidence rates (per 1000 person-years) of IHD were 43.1 in men and 43.0 in women. The mean follow-up period was 5.2 person-years. The HRs of IHD were significantly higher in the subjects with a high mean medical cost (T3) (men, HR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.25–1.54; women, HR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.20–1.48) than in those with a low mean medical cost (T1). However, the subjects visiting medical care providers more (T3) had lower HRs than those visiting less (T1) (men, HR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.72–0.89; women, HR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.71–0.88). Conclusions Hypertensive patients in Korea showed an increased risk of IHD when they paid medical cost more and visited medical care less per person-year in both men and women. Funding Sources This research was supported by Support Program for Women in Science, Engineering and Technology through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Korea government (MSIT). (No.2016H1C3A1903202). Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Decrease in white blood cell counts after thiopentone barbiturate therapy for refractory intracranial hypertension: A common complication

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S31-S34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Yi Ng ◽  
Ki Jinn Chin ◽  
Tong Kiat Kwek
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
T Test ◽  
Barbiturate Coma ◽  
Barbiturate Therapy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wbc Count

ABSTRACT Background: Leucopenia has been reported after induction of thiopentone barbiturate therapy for refractory intracranial hypertension. However, the incidence and characterisitics are not well described. Aims: We performed a retrospective review to describe the incidence and characteristics of leucopenia after induction of thiopentone barbiturate therapy. Setting and Design: Our centre is a national referral centre for neurotrauma and surgery in a tertiary medical institution.Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients who received thiopentone barbiturate therapy for refractory intracranial hypertension during an 18 month period from January 2004 to June 2005 in our neurosurgical intensive care unit. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 15.0. All data are reported as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). The Chi square test was used to analyze categorical data and student t test done for comparison of means. For paired data, the paired t?test was used.-test was used. Results: Thirty eight (80.9%) out of 47 patients developed a decrease in white blood cell (WBC) count after induction of thiopentone barbiturate coma. The mean decrease in WBC from baseline to the nadir was 6.4 × 10 9 /L (P <lt; 0.001) and occurred 57 (3-147) h after induction. The mean nadir WBC was 8.6 < 3.6 × 10 9 /L. Three (6.4%) patients were leucopenic, with a WBC count of 2.8, 3.1, and 3.6 < 10 9 /L. None of them were neutropenic. We did not find an association between decrease in WBC count and clinical diagnosis of infection. We did not find any association between possible risk factors such as admission GCS, maximum ICP prior to induction of barbiturate coma, APACHE II score, total duration and dose of thiopentone given, and decrease in WBC count. Conclusions: Decrease in WBC count is common, while development of leucopenia is rare after thiopentone barbiturate coma. Regular monitoring of WBC counts is recommended.

MO491ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SERUM URIC ACID LEVEL AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE INCIDENCE STRATIFIED BY SEX IN MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingo Nakayama ◽  
Michihiro Satoh ◽  
Takahisa Murakami ◽  
Yukako Tatsumi ◽  
Tomoko Muroya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Health Check ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Abstract Background and Aims While previous studies have reported the association between serum uric acid (SUA) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) incidence, the sex differences in this association remain controversial. Therefore, we examined the association between SUA levels and CKD incidence in middle-aged adults stratified by sex using data from a large-scale health check-up. Method We analyzed information from the JMDC database, which included the annual health check-up data of Japanese employees and their dependents aged &lt;75 years. Among those individuals, we analyzed data from 138,511 individuals without CKD, kidney disease, or a history of cardiovascular disease at baseline. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or proteinuria. We divided the participants into 9 and 7 groups according to SUA levels for men and women, respectively. A Cox model was applied to assess the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for CKD incidence in each SUA level group using an SUA concentration of 4.0–4.9 mg/dL as the reference after adjusting for age, body mass index, current or ex-smoker, current or ex-drinker, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, systolic blood pressure, use of anti-hyperuricemic drugs, and baseline eGFR. Results The mean participant age was 44.1 years, and 29.6% were women. The mean SUA levels were 5.9 mg/dL and 4.1 mg/dL in men and women, respectively. During the mean follow-up period of 4.68 years, 12,589 participants developed CKD. The age-standardized incidence rates for CKD were 17.88/17.80 per 1000 person-years in men/women with SUA concentrations of 4.0–4.9 mg/dL, 209.76 per 1000 person-years in men with SUA ≥11.0 mg/dL, and 73.38 per 1000 person-years in women with SUA ≥ 9.0 mg/dL. The fully adjusted HRs (95% confidence interval [CI], P value) for CKD incidence in the groups with SUA concentrations of &lt;4.0, 10.0–10.9, and ≥11.0 mg/dL compared with those with SUA of 4.0–4.9 mg/dL among men were 1.13 (1.01–1.26, P=0.030), 1.98 (1.32–2.97, P=0.0010), and 3.74 (1.68–8.35, P=0.0013), respectively. In women, the fully adjusted HRs for CKD incidence in the groups with SUA concentrations of &lt;4.0, 8.0–8.9, and ≥9.0 mg/dL were 1.08 (1.01–1.16, P=0.032), 2.39 (1.07–5.35, P=0.034), and 3.20 (0.80–12.8, P=0.10), respectively. Similar results were observed when we performed the sensitivity analysis excluding 8,411 individuals with hypertensive treatment from the main analysis. The HRs for the outcomes caused by the onset of eGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or proteinuria separately were similar to those for the main results. Conclusion The results of the present study demonstrated an increased risk of CKD in men with SUA concentrations of &lt;4.0 and ≥10.0 mg/dL and &lt;4.0 and ≥8.0 mg/dL in women compared to those with SUA concentrations of 4.0–4.9 mg/dL after adjusting for various covariates. Both high and low SUA levels were risk factors for CKD in middle-aged men and women. Hyperuricemia was demonstrated to cause renal injury due to the intraluminal deposition of uric acid crystals in the renal collecting duct. Hyperuricemia may also induce endothelial dysfunction, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, and induction of inflammation and stimulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by the induction of cyclooxygenase-2. However, as uric acid is one of the most important antioxidants in human plasma, low SUA levels may increase the risk of CKD incidence through decreased antioxidant activity. These mechanisms are implicated in the pathogenesis of CKD caused by high and low SUA levels. In addition, the SUA levels and ranges associated with increased risks of CKD incidence differed by sex.

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