Kittens That Nurse 7 Weeks or Longer Are Less Likely to Become Overweight Adult Cats

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the suckling period length (SPL) on weight status among adult cats while taking into account putative risk factors. To this end, the body fat percentage of 69 client-owned cats was determined. A body fat percentage of >30% was used for overweight classification. Cat owners were interviewed using a standardised questionnaire to collect information about the SPL, age, breed, sex, feeding amount and frequency, daily playing and outdoor access. SPL was categorized into four groups (0–6, 7–11, 12–16, 17–24 weeks). Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between overweight and SPL after adjusting for identified risk factors. Of the 69 cats, 37 were overweight. The odds for overweight was three times lower in cats with a SPL > 6 weeks (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.10−0.99). This study identified a possible novel, modifiable early life risk factor for overweight in cats; the SPL. The results of this study indicate that allowing cats to nurse longer than 12 weeks might be a simple intervention to improve cat health and welfare.

Methylation levels of LEP and POMC genes after intervention with dietary folate and hazelnut oil in the lipid profile of overweight women

BackgroundObesity contributes to several cardiometabolic diseases, such as dyslipidemia, as a result of an unhealthy lifestyle and genetic factors. The methylation profile of genes involved in appetite control and metabolism, such as LEP (leptin) and POMC (proopiomelanocortin) and altered lipid levels can contribute to obesity, and these epigenetic changes have been associated with the effects of diet composition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the methylation levels of LEP and POMC genes and lipid profile values after intervention with dietary folate and hazelnut oil in overweight women.MethodsDouble-blind, placebo, controlled intervention study with 40 overweight adult women. Participants were randomized into four groups for 8 weeks: G1, 300 g of vegetables and 191 µg / day of folate and hazelnut oil; G2, 300 g of vegetables and 191 µg / day of folate and placebo; G3, 300 g of vegetables and 94 µg / day of folate and hazelnut oil; G4, the individuals were only accompanied. In addition to the levels of methylation, food consumption, anthropometric measurements, biochemical variables of lipid profile were evaluated.ResultsAfter the intervention, the participants presented reduction in the methylation levels of the studied genes in the three intervention groups in the LEP gene: G1 (p = 0.00), G2 (p = 0.00) and G3 (p = 0.00); in the POMC gene: G1 (p = 0.01), G2 (p = 0.02) and G3 (p = 0.01), and in the lipid profile, G1 reduced the levels of LDL-c (p = 0.04), HDL-c (p = 0.00) and Triglycerides (p = 0.04); in G3 there was a reduction in total cholesterol levels (p = 0.00), LDL-c (p = 0.00) and HDL-c (p = 0.00), and in G4 there was a reduction in total cholesterol values (p = 0.00), LDL-c (p = 0.00), HDL-c (p = 0.00) and triglycerides (p = 0.00), and also, an association in G2 between the POMC methylation levels with triglycerides (p = 0.00).ConclusionThe study provided evidence of a normocaloric intervention with dietary folate and hazelnut oil supplementation on the methylation levels of LEP and POMC genes and the role they can play in lipid metabolism.Trial registrationISRCTN, NCT04523532. Registered 21 August 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04523532

Overweight and obesity in type 1 diabetes is not associated with higher ghrelin concentrations

Background Several studies have demonstrated suppressed levels of acylated (AG) and unacylated ghrelin (UAG) in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the role of these hormones in type 1 diabetes has not been extensively studied. This study assessed the relationship between AG and UAG levels and body composition in patients with type 1 diabetes. Methods We selected eighteen patients with type 1 diabetes and divided them into two groups: non-obese (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Demographics, parameters of body composition and serum parameters including AG and UAG, were assessed. Results The patients with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 were older and had a longer duration of diabetes. AG and UAG levels were not significantly different between non-obese and overweight groups (mean AG non-obese ± SD: 44.5 ± 29.4 pg/ml and mean UAG non-obese 42.4 ± 20.7 pg/ml vs mean AG overweight ± SD: 46.1 ± 29.6 pg/ml and mean UAG overweight 47.2 ± 18.2 pg/ml). AG/UAG ratios did not discriminate between these groups. There was a positive association of insuline dose/kg bodyweight with BMI (r2 = 0.45, p = 0.002). Conclusions Surprisingly, unlike non-diabetics and in T2D, we did not observe a difference in plasma levels of AG and UAG between normal weight and overweight adult type 1 diabetics. However, we did observe a positive correlation between BMI and insuline dose/kg bodyweight, suggesting that exogenous insulin is more important than the ghrelin system in the development of obesity in type 1 diabetes.

Effect of tomato and red guava juice on blood glucose level in overweight woman

Background: Based on the results of Riskesdas 2018 that the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia showed an increase from 6.9% to 8.5%. Overweight is closely related to impaired blood glucose, insulin resistance, and decreased insulin secretion. Preventive efforts that have been made using non-pharmacological treatments, such as increasing the intake of fiber and lycopene from fruits.Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of tomato juice and guava juice on blood glucose levels in overweight women.Materials and Methods: The study design is a true experiment conducted in 11subjects in treatment group and 11 subjects in control group. The subject of this study were overweight adult women 45-55 years. Blood sampling was taken in the morning, then glucose levels were measured using the GOD-PAP method (Glucose Para Amino Phenazone). We gave 600 ml of tomato juice and red guava every day for 21 days. To find the effect of juice on fasting blood glucose levels controlled by nutrient intake and physical exercise using the Repeated Measure ANOVA test.Results: In the treatment group, there was a decrease of 3.24 mg/dl in blood glucose levels; while, in the control group, the decrease in blood glucose levels was only 0.26 mg/dl. However, we found no statistically significant differences in both groups.Conclusions: Consumption of tomato juice and red guava reduced fasting blood glucose.

Oxygen Supply System Management in an Overweight Adult after 12 Months in Antarctica—Study Case

The aim of the study was to try to determine the functional state of the respiratory system, i.e., selected parameters and indicators of physiological systems responsible for the supply of oxygen at all stages of its delivery in people as their body weight increases from normal weight to overweight. The studies include an analysis of test results of functional respiratory system state (FSD) indicators of a 30-year-old and 170-cm tall man. Measurements of FSD were conducted two times: the first time before an expedition to Antarctica at 70 kg (normal body weight); the next measurements were taken a year later, after coming back from the expedition, at 82 kg (overweight). When analyzing the functional respiratory system state in terms of the effect of overweight it was found that the maintenance of the oxygen homeostasis in those conditions occurred at the level of a compensated hypoxic state. That is why the decision to engage in physical activity can be made only if we are sure that significant destructive additive effects of both types of hypoxic influences (from excessive body weight and from the physical activity) are not overlapping.