Smaller twins are not at risk of neonatal morbidity compared to their larger co-twins

Sarcopenia and malnutrition are important determinants of increased fracture risk in osteoporosis. SARC-F and MNA-SF are well-established questionnaires for identifying patients at risk for these conditions. We sought to evaluate the feasibility and potential added benefit of such assessments as well as the actual prevalence of these conditions in osteoporosis patients. We conducted a cross-sectional, single-center study in female osteoporosis patients ≥ 65 years (SaNSiBaR-study). Results of the sarcopenia (SARC-F) and malnutrition (MNA-SF) screening questionnaires were matched with a functional assessment for sarcopenia and data from patients’ medical records. Out of 107 patients included in the analysis, a risk for sarcopenia (SARC-F ≥ 4 points) and a risk for malnutrition (MNA-SF ≤ 11 points) was found in 33 (30.8%) and 38 (35.5%) patients, respectively. Diagnostic overlap with coincident indicative findings in both questionnaires was observed in 17 patients (16%). As compared to the respective not-at-risk groups, the mean short physical performance battery (SPPB) score was significantly reduced in both patients at risk for sarcopenia (7.0 vs. 10.9 points, p < 0.001) and patients at risk for malnutrition (8.7 vs. 10.5 points, p = 0.005). Still, confirmed sarcopenia according to EWGSOP2 criteria was present in only 6 (6%) of all 107 patients, with only 3 of them having an indicative SARC-F score. Bone mineral density was not significantly different in any of the at-risk groups at any site. In summary, applying SARC-F and MNA-SF in osteoporosis patients appears to be a complementary approach to identify individuals with functional deficits.

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Delinquency and reputational orientations of adolescent at‐risk and not‐at‐risk males and females

Educational Psychology ◽

10.1080/01443410802269872 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 28 (7) ◽

pp. 777-793 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Annemaree Carroll ◽

Steve Houghton ◽

Umneea Khan ◽

Carol Tan

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Males And Females ◽

Not At Risk ◽

Adolescent At Risk

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Using the ages and stages questionnaire in the general population as a measure for identifying children not at risk of a neurodevelopmental disorder

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-018-1105-z ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Ramesh Lamsal ◽

Daniel J. Dutton ◽

Jennifer D. Zwicker

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

General Population ◽

Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽

Ages And Stages Questionnaire ◽

Not At Risk

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Low Body Mass Index Can Identify Majority of Osteoporotic Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Missed by Current Guidelines

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/807438 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ashish Atreja ◽

Ashish Aggarwal ◽

Angelo A. Licata ◽

Bret A. Lashner

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

At Risk ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Risk Group ◽

Low Bmi ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Provider Adherence ◽

Not At Risk ◽

Current Guidelines

Background. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at high risk of developing osteoporosis. Our objective was to determine the usefulness of IBD guidelines in identifying patients at risk for developing osteoporosis.Methods. We utilized institutional repository to identify patients seen in IBD center and extracted data on demographics, disease history, conventional, and nonconventional risk factors for osteoporosis and Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) findings.Results. 59% of patients (1004/1703) in our IBD cohort had at least one risk factor for osteoporosis screening. DXA was documented in 263 patients with indication of screening (provider adherence, 26.2%), and of these, 196 patients had DXA completed (“at-risk” group). Ninety-five patients not meeting guidelines-based risk factors also had DXA completed (“not at-risk” group). 139 (70.9%) patients in “at-risk” group had low BMD, while 51 (53.7%) of “not-at-risk” patients had low BMD. Majority of the patients with osteoporosis (83.3%) missed by the current guidelines had low BMI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low BMI was the strongest risk factor for osteoporosis (OR 3.07; 95% CI, 1.47–6.42;P=0.003).Conclusions. Provider adherence to current guidelines is suboptimal. Low BMI can identify majority of the patients with osteoporosis that are missed by current guidelines.

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Exploring Gender Differences in PrEP Interest Among Individuals Testing HIV Negative in an Urban Emergency Department

AIDS Education and Prevention ◽

10.1521/aeap.2018.30.5.382 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 382-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jessica Ridgway ◽

Ellen Almirol ◽

Jessica Schmitt ◽

Alvie Bender ◽

Grace Anderson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Emergency Department ◽

Hiv Risk ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

Self Perception ◽

Subjective Risk ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Not At Risk ◽

Urban Emergency Department ◽

Hiv Negative

PrEP is greater than 90% effective at preventing HIV infection, but many people who are vulnerable to HIV choose not to take PrEP. Among women, men who have sex with women (MSW) and men who have sex with men (MSM) who tested HIV negative in our emergency department, we assessed behavioral risk factors, self-perception of HIV risk, and interest in PrEP linkage. Women had lower odds of perceiving any HIV risk versus no risk than MSM, while Whites had greater odds of perceiving themselves as high risk than Blacks. Age and self-perception of risk were not associated with PrEP interest, but patients who were objectively classified as “at risk” had greater odds of interest in PrEP than those not at risk (p < .01). Discordance between HIV risk self-perception and objective risk demonstrates the limitation of relying on patient self-referral for PrEP based on their own subjective risk perception.

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Predicting drug-free days among at-risk youth

Journal of Social Work ◽

10.1177/1468017316651990 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 599-615

Author(s):

Chau-kiu Cheung ◽

Steven Sek-yum Ngai

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Social Workers ◽

Illicit Drugs ◽

Baseline Survey ◽

At Risk Youth ◽

Drug Rehabilitation ◽

Prospective Design ◽

Not At Risk ◽

Drug Free

Summary Whether or not at-risk youth eschew illicit drugs because of its expected harm remains uncertain. In theory, expectancy is influential when the harm is valuable to the youth. Hence, to examine this possibility, this study employed a prospective design to collect data from 169 at-risk youths identified by social workers in Hong Kong, China. Findings Results revealed that when a youth has higher expectancy and valuation of harm in the baseline survey, he/she had considerably more drug-free days in the follow-up survey. However, neither the expectancy nor valuation alone introduced an effect on drug-free days. Applications These results sustained approaches to fostering the expectancy and valuation of harm for effective drug rehabilitation. Specifically, the approaches required to raise the expectancy of youth on the harm of drug abuse to their vigour and the value of sustaining their vigour simultaneously.

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Increasing Undergraduate Success: A Randomized Controlled Trial of U-Pace Instruction

Online Learning ◽

10.24059/olj.v22i3.1317 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Raymond Fleming ◽

Laura E. Pedrick ◽

Leah Stoiber ◽

Sarah Kienzler ◽

Ryan R. Fleming ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Academic Success ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Instructional Condition ◽

Face To Face ◽

Concept Mastery ◽

Final Grades ◽

Face To Face Instruction ◽

Not At Risk ◽

Undergraduate Success

U-Pace instruction, comprised of concept mastery and amplified assistance, has shown promise in increasing undergraduate success. To evaluate the efficacy of U-Pace instruction for students at-risk for college non-completion and students not at-risk and to determine whether concept mastery, amplified assistance, or both U-Pace components are responsible for the greater learning associated with U-Pace instruction, an experiment was conducted with four instructional conditions (U-Pace, Concept Mastery, Amplified Assistance, and Face-to-Face). At a public university, 914 undergraduates (576 at-risk) participated. U-Pace instruction produced greater learning than the comparisons. Additionally, U-Pace instruction produced greater academic success than Face-to-Face instruction. The percentage of final grades of A or B did not differ for Concept Mastery, Amplified Assistance, and U-Pace students. No interaction between instructional condition and risk status was found for final grades or learning. The efficacy of U-Pace instruction for both at-risk students and students not at-risk was supported.

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The LEAF questionnaire is a good screening tool for the identification of the Female Athlete Triad/Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport among young football players

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.12118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e12118

Author(s):

Edyta Łuszczki ◽

Pawel Jagielski ◽

Anna Bartosiewicz ◽

Maciej Kuchciak ◽

Katarzyna Dereń ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Body Composition ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Female Athlete ◽

Relative Energy ◽

Screening Tools ◽

Football Players ◽

Female Athlete Triad ◽

Energy Deficiency ◽

Not At Risk

Background It has been noticed that Female Athlete Triad (Fat) and Relative Energy Deficiency (Red-S) in Sport are characterized by the symptoms of impaired endocrine-metabolic function and bone health in female athletes. In addition, it may be evaluated with a qualitative tool, such as Low Energy Availability in Females questionnaire (LEAF-Q) and quantitative measurements: bone mineral density (BMD), resting energy expenditure (REE), body composition, 24-hour dietary recall. Methods The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of Triad and Red-S using the LEAF-Q in youth female football players. Additionally, the difference in the BMD, body composition, REE and energy intake (EI) were assessed between the Triad/Red-S risk and not at-risk groups. Results Almost two thirds (64.7%) of participants are classified as being at-risk for the triad according to their LEAF-Q scores. There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between most of the values among children from the analyzed groups. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between the EI values among girls from the two analyzed groups: at-risk (1,773.18 kcal ± 232.57) and not at-risk (2,054.00 kcal ± 191.39). Girls who did not meet the energy intake recommendations were 10.00 as likely to be in the Triad/Red-S risk group. Conclusion Early identification of Fat/Red-S symptoms by screening tools such as the LEAF questionnaire is important in protecting young athletes from long-term damage due to the progression of the risk factors associated with the Fat/Red-S.

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Academic performance of secondary education students in socio-familial risk contexts

Suma Psicológica ◽

10.14349/sumapsi.2021.v28.n2.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽

◽

Remedios Guzmán ◽

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Academic Performance ◽

Secondary Education ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

At Risk Students ◽

Familial Risk ◽

Course Evaluation ◽

Self Concept ◽

Cognitive Variables ◽

Not At Risk

Introduction: The relationship that socio-familial and non-cognitive variables have on students in regards to their academic performance is a very important element for success in Secondary Education. In this study the influence of non-cognitive variables (academic self-concept, self-efficacy and perceived family affective support) and socio-familial variables (educational level and expectations of each parent) on the academic performance of secondary school students were analysed. Method: Students were grouped according to their accumulated socio-familial risk index (at-risk students, n = 305; not-at-risk students, n = 991). To measure the variables, the scales What do you think of yourself, General Self-Efficacy and Perceived Family Support were used. Socio-family variables were measured with an ad hoc questionnaire, and academic performance with the end-of-course evaluation scores. Results: The receiver operating characteristic curve showed a decrease in students’ academic performance from three or more accumulated risks. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was performed for each group. The results showed that for at-risk students, academic performance was mainly determined by two variables: academic self-concept and self-concept; in contrast to the not-at-risk students in which self-efficacy was the one that had the greatest effect on performance. In both groups, the parents’ expectations were the family variable with the highest incidence being performance, although, for the at-risk group, the effect was greater. Conclusions: The relevance of the identification of non-cognitive and socio-familial variables on the academic performance of at-risk students in regards to secondary education due to socio-familial factors is discussed.

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