The price of prosociality in pandemic times

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has imposed widespread negative impacts (economically, psychologically, neurologically, and societally), and has changed daily behaviors on a global scale. Such impacts are more significant and pervasive in countries with higher levels of inequality and reduced Government capacity and responsiveness, such as those in the Global South (e.g., Colombia). Differences in social and moral cognitive skills may significantly impact individual attitudes and responses to the pandemic. Here, we aimed to assess the extent to which factors associated with prosociality (including empathy, theory of mind (ToM), and moral judgments) predict the perception of SARS-CoV-2 impacts and responses. Participants (N = 413) from Colombia answered factors associated with prosociality measures and judgments about SARS-CoV-2 risk, impact, and acceptance of quarantine guidelines. Results revealed that affective empathy (personal distress and empathic concern) and moral tendencies (deontological trends) predicted greater acceptance of quarantine but in turn yielded an increased perception of risks and individual impacts of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, age (older) and gender (female) also increased the risk perception and impact estimation. These results underscore the role of prosocial-related predispositions informing individual responses to the pandemic and provide an opportunity to exploit this knowledge to inform successful interventions favoring behavioral change.

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Factors Associated to Positive Aspects in Caregiving for People Living with Dementia in Family Caregivers

Media Keperawatan Indonesia ◽

10.26714/mki.4.2.2021.149-163 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 149

Author(s):

Dian Pratiwi ◽

Retno Indarwati ◽

Rr. Dian Tristiana

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Filial Piety ◽

Education Level ◽

Care Recipient ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Factors Associated ◽

People With Dementia ◽

Positive Aspects Of Caregiving ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

And Gender

Caring for People with Dementia (PwD) has various negative effects that are detrimental to caregivers. The existence of Positive Aspects of Caregiving (PAC) makes the experience of caring for PwD more positive, valuable and protects caregivers from various negative impacts while caring for PwD. This study aims to explain the factors associated with PAC. These literature reviews were accessed from six databases (Scopus, CINAHL, Science Direct, ProQuest, PubMed, and SAGE Journal), with the keywords factor, positive aspects of caregiving, Dementia/ Alzheimer’s, during January 2021, limited to 2016-2020, and in English. A total of 318 journals were selected using PRISMA, then leaving 16 journals to be analyzed using The Joanna Briggs Institution Checklist. Sixteen journals were analyzed and divided into two themes, factors that affect PAC (n = 9) and factors affected by PAC (n = 7). Factors that affect PAC are caregiver characteristics, care-recipient characteristics, and social support. Factors affected by PAC are caregiving outcomes. Factors that increase PAC are lower education level, good social support, severe BPSD, shorter duration of care, and relationship with care-recipient (except spouse), and gender (male). The mediating factors that increase PAC are unmet needs and reciprocal filial piety. Factors that lower PAC are higher education level, the use of avoidance coping, and older age. We found inconsistencies in caregiver marital status and relationship with care-recipient because the finding still uncertain.

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When do businesses report cybercrime? Findings from a UK study

Criminology & Criminal Justice ◽

10.1177/17488958211062359 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174889582110623

Author(s):

Steven Kemp ◽

David Buil-Gil ◽

Fernando Miró-Llinares ◽

Nicholas Lord

Keyword(s):

Cyber Security ◽

Justice System ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Public Authorities ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Security Breaches ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

The Uk ◽

Low Rate

Although it is known that businesses report cybercrime to public authorities at a low rate, and this hinders prevention strategies, there is a lack of research on companies’ decisions to report cyber victimisation. This paper analyses the UK Cyber Security Breaches Survey to explore factors associated with cybercrime reporting by businesses. Results indicate that the type of cybercrime is relevant to the reporting decision, and that the likelihood of reporting increases when cybersecurity incidents generate negative impacts and when the company places high priority on cybersecurity. However, we find no association between having cybersecurity insurance and reporting. Finally, while having outsourced cybersecurity management is associated with reporting to anyone outside the organisation but not to public authorities, in-house cybersecurity teams seem more inclined to report to public authorities. Findings are discussed in relation to the role of the private cybersecurity sector and the criminal justice system in combatting cybercrime.

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Factors associated with HPV-DNA clearance in a cohort of HIV-positive patients: role of cART and gender

Journal of the International AIDS Society ◽

10.7448/ias.17.4.19717 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 19717 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elisa Suardi ◽

Francesca Bai ◽

Laura Comi ◽

Alessandro Pandolfo ◽

Marco Rovati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Positive ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Factors Associated ◽

And Gender

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Beyond the Compulsory School Years

Australian Journal of Career Development ◽

10.1177/103841629300200207 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 15-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John Ainley ◽

Michael Sheret

Keyword(s):

Secondary School ◽

Retention Rate ◽

Economic Status ◽

Parental Expectations ◽

Compulsory Schooling ◽

Factors Associated ◽

School Attainment ◽

And Gender ◽

School Organisation

In Australia it has become conventional to regard Years 11 and 12 as the post-compulsory years of schooling and the years up to and including Year 10 as compulsory. A separation of Years 11 and 12 from Years 7, 8, 9 and 10 is evident in levels of participation, curriculum structures, certification and examination procedures, and many aspects of school organisation. The 1980s in Australia have been marked by a dramatic increase in the percentage of young people continuing to the post-compulsory years. Whereas in 1981 the retention rate to Year 12 was 35 per cent, by 1990 this had grown to 64 per cent. This paper is concerned with the progression from Year 10 to post-compulsory schooling, other forms of education and to work. It examines factors associated with school attainment (the number of years schooling completed) and the destinations of those who leave school, both at the point of transition from the compulsory to the post-compulsory years and at the end of secondary school. As part of its conclusion the paper notes the strong, and independent, influences of earlier achievement and attitudes to school on destinations as well as the role of background factors such as socio-economic status, parental expectations, ethnic background, and gender.

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Many Rivers to Cross: Social Identity, Cognition, and Labor Mobility in Rural India

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science ◽

10.1177/00027162211055990 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 697 (1) ◽

pp. 66-80

Author(s):

Sébastien Michiels ◽

Christophe Jalil Nordman ◽

Suneha Seetahul

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Gender Discrimination ◽

Cognitive Skills ◽

Labor Mobility ◽

Personal Characteristics ◽

Income Mobility ◽

And Gender ◽

The Relationship

This study analyzes whether individual skills and personality traits facilitate labor market mobility of disadvantaged groups and rural migrants. We use a panel dataset of individuals in rural South India to explore the relationship between individual cognitive skills, personality traits, and income mobility. We take advantage of intragroup heterogeneity in terms of cognitive skills and personality traits to examine whether these personal characteristics enable individuals to overcome rigid social structures, exploring the role of these skills and traits in migrants’ income mobility. We show that despite strong rigidity in the area’s labor market structure, personality traits are important determinants of labor mobility, enabling individuals to overcome caste and gender discrimination, but that these personality traits do not contribute to increases in migrants’ income mobility.

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The Role of Religiosity, Ethnicity and Gender Identification in Individual’s Moral Judgments; The Mediation Effect of Self-transcendence

Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities ◽

10.47836/pjssh.29.4.39 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 2815-2832

Author(s):

Huey Chin Jing ◽

Shaheen Mansori ◽

Zabihollah Rezaee ◽

Saeid Homayoun

Keyword(s):

Governance Structure ◽

Moral Judgement ◽

Moral Judgments ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

Gender Identification ◽

Moral Obligations ◽

Self Transcendence ◽

And Gender ◽

Ethnicity And Gender

Most recently, corporate financial scandals, and unethical behaviour cast doubt on investors and raised public concern globally. It is due to the weak corporate governance structure and low ethic awareness amongst the people. The purpose of this research is therefore to justify the factors that influence an individual’s moral judgement. This study also seeks to provide practical recommendations to corporations and different associations. As such, to evaluate the proposed hypotheses, 300 self-administered questionnaires were distributed in five universities in Malaysia using a non-probability sampling approach. As a result, the findings demonstrate that ethnicity has the highest impact on self-transcendence and moral judgement, followed by religiosity and gender identification (gender difference). The contribution of this research is to evaluate the relationships between religiosity, ethnicity, and gender identification towards moral judgement with the intervention of mediating variable (self-transcendence). In essence, ethical values and moral obligations should be highlighted in corporations, and these values should be practised and embraced into the organisational culture. Thus, organisational decision-makers should highly emphasise the role of ethicality and morality in corporations because ethical competence aligns with an employee’s responsibility as a whole.

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ANALISIS FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP DISTRIBUSI JENIS TIKUS YANG TERKONFIRMASI SEBAGAI RESERVOIR LEPTOSPIROSIS DI TIGA KABUPATEN DI PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN

Vektora Jurnal Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit ◽

10.22435/vk.v11i1.1144 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 31-38

Author(s):

Yanelza Supranelfy ◽

Nungki Hapsari S ◽

Reni Oktarina

Keyword(s):

Environmental Variables ◽

Weather Variables ◽

Chi Square ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Rattus Tanezumi ◽

Laboratory Results ◽

Potential Reservoir ◽

Trap Location ◽

Negative Impacts

The role of rats as a potential reservoir of the disease remains negative impacts on the routine life, safety, welfare and economic communities. Rattus tanezumi, R. norvegicus, R. exulans, R. hoffmani, R. argentiventer and Maxomys bartelsi have been confirmed as leptospirosis reservoirs in Indonesia. Some rat species suspected as leptospirosis reservoirs were reported in Lahat, Banyuasin and Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) districts. It puts those three districts on high risk of leptospirosis transmission in the community. The aim of the study was to identify the environmental factors associated with the distribution of the leptospirosis-confirmed rats in the three districts of South Sumatera Province. Data used in this study were obtained from surveillance of the Specific Research on Vector and Reservoir Diseases Special Research" (Rikhus Vektora) conducted in 2015. A total of 308 captured rats was tested for leptospirosis using MAT and PCR methods. The environmental variables were recorded during the surveillance. Data were analysed using chi-square. The laboratory results demonstrated that 44 of 308 rats captured in the three districts were positive for leptospirosis. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the distribution of the positive leptospirosis-confirmed rats with ecosystem variables, trap location, altitudes and temperature. However, they were not correlated to the weather variables and pH. Unfortunately, the topographic variables could not be analysed because all rats were found in the lowlands. The early warning of leptospirosis transmission should be addressed to the three districts due to the presence of the positive leptospirosis-confirmed rats in those areas.

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