Cyclones in Waste‐to‐Energy Production Facilities

1984 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Ian Stessel ◽  
J. Jeffrey Peirce
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Production Facilities

scholarly journals Measurement of Energy Production from Biogas: Evidence from the Wastewater Treatment Plant in Durres

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1260-1262
Author(s):  
Stela Sefa ◽  
Tania Floqi ◽  
Julian Sefa
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Daily Consumption

The wastewater treatment plant serving the city of Durres, which is the second most populous city of Albania, employs the tertiary advanced wastewater treatment method and engages in biogas production to achieve energy efficiency. In order to empirically evaluate the plant’s energy efficiency realization, the total biogas produced and converted to electricity for daily consumption was measured during a three years period (2016 - 2018). The highest electricity produced was recorded in 2016, with a daily average of 844kWh compared to 550kWh and 370kWh in 2017 and 2018, respectively. So that the plant meets proper criteria to classify as an energy-efficient entity, 30.0 percent of its electricity consumption must be derived from biogas. Converted in kWh, the plant should generate 2,975 kWh/day. Based on the biomass and energy values measured during the study period, it is concluded that electricity supplied from biogas met 6.0 percent of the plant’s energy requirements, or one fifth of the energy-efficiency target. While the plant was successful in carrying out the full waste-to-energy production process, the electricity supplied from biogas was very low and did not fulfil the plant’s self-energy requirements.

scholarly journals ENERGY PRODUCTION FROM WASTES BY THERMAL GASIFICATION PROCESSES

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-165
Author(s):  
Paulo Brito
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Biomass Resources ◽  
Traditional Technologies ◽  
Technological Strategies ◽  
Production Problems

The sustainable energy will play a key role in the future of the planet, not only because in 20 years Biomass is expected to deliver around 30% of total energy consumption, but also because BioEnergy, produced mainly through combustion and gasification of agro-industrial waste, woody materials and forest crops, is expected to be fundamental for sustainable energy production. Problems related to the emissions of greenhouse gases, lack of fossil natural resources and the increasing price of fuels have progressively encouraged research and adoption of new technological strategies for energy production from renewable sources and application of waste-to-energy (WTE) concepts. Syngas obtained from gasification of biomass and industrial wastes constitutes an interesting resource for energy generation because it has lower impacts for the environment compared to traditional technologies and allows for the valorisation of waste residues as feedstock. This work presents the scope, potential and technologies related to the use of biomass resources with a focus on thermal gasification of wastes.

scholarly journals Case Study of Viability of Bioenergy Production from Landfill Gas (LFG)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Vourdoubas ◽  
Vasiliki K. Skoulou
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Bioenergy Production ◽  
Crete Island ◽  
Near Future

<p>The landfill gas (LFG) produced from the existing landfill site in Heraklion city, Crete island, Greece, is not currently exploited to its full potential. It could however be exploited for power generation and/or combined heat and power (CHP) production in near future by fully unlocking its energy production potential of the gas generated from the landfill site. This gas (LFG) could feed a 1.6 MW<sub>el</sub> power plant corresponding to the 0.42% of the annually consumed electricity in Crete. The LFG utilization for power generation and CHP production has been studied, and the economics of three energy production scenarios have been calculated. An initial capital investment of 2.4 to 3.2 M €, with payback times (PBT) of approximately 3.5 to 6 years and Net Present Values (NPV) ranging between 2 to 6 M € have been calculated. These values prove the profitability of the attempt of bioenergy production from the biogas produced from the existing landfill site in Heraklion city, Crete. Based on the current economic situation of the country, any similar initiative could positively contribute to strengthening the economy of local community and as a result the country, offering several other socioeconomic benefits like e.g. waste minimization, creation of new job positions etc. by increasing, at the same time, the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) share in energy production sector etc. Apart from the favorable economics of the proposed waste to energy production scheme, all the additional environmental and social benefits make the attempt of a near future exploitation of the landfill gas produced in Heraklion, an attractive short term alternative for waste to bio-energy production.</p>

Pyrolysis and CO2 Gasification of Composite Polymer Absorbent Waste for Syngas Production

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Burra ◽  
P. Singh ◽  
N. Déparrois ◽  
A. K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Composite Polymer ◽  
Co2 Gasification ◽  
Compositional Evolution ◽  
Absorbent Material ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Development of alternative carbonaceous sources for energy production is essential to alleviate the dependence on depleting fossil fuels which led to increasing atmospheric CO2 and thus global warming. While biomass utilization for energy and chemical production has been extensively studied in the literature, such studies on municipal solid wastes is difficult to interpret due to the heterogeneous nature of the waste. Understanding of the influence of individual components is necessary for comprehensive development of waste-to-energy pathway. One such waste that is complicated and has often been ignored in the literature is composite polymer absorbent material waste which can also be considered as a potential feedstock for thermochemical pathway of energy production. Composite polymer absorbent materials are ubiquitously used these days in the form of sanitary napkins, diapers, water blockers, fire blockers and surgical pads due to their high water-absorptive nature. Pyrolysis and CO2 gasification is ideal for such materials due to its versatile feedstock intake and uniform product output in the form of syngas with adjustable composition. CO2 gasification also provides the added benefit of CO2 utilization which provides carbon offset to this process. In the present study, a mixture of cellulose, absorbent material (sodium polyacrylate), polypropylene and polystyrene in a fixed proportion, to model approximate composition of a diaper, was examined for its pyrolysis and CO2 gasification capability for viable syngas production. The influence of individual components into the syngas yield from the composite waste gasification was also investigated. A fixed-bed, semi-batch reactor facility along with gas chromatography was employed to analyse the syngas yield and compositional evolution. Pyrolysis was done under nitrogen atmosphere and gasification was done under CO2 atmosphere. CO2 gasification provided net CO2 consumption which means a net reduction in carbon emissions per joule of energy produced. The sample was tested under four isothermal conditions of 973, 1073, and 1173 K to understand the impact of operational conditions on the syngas yield. Influence of individual component of the composite absorbent waste on the syngas yield and composition was also analyzed by comparing these syngas characteristics with that of the yield from gasification of its individual components separately at 1173 K. These investigations provided us with novel results on the behavior and capabilities of these composite polymer absorbent wastes and which opens up a new avenue towards efficient utilization of solid waste resources for sustainable energy production in the form of syngas which can also be used for various chemicals production such as methanol, gasoline and other petrochemical products.

scholarly journals Deploying Municipal Solid Waste Management 3R-WTE Framework in Saudi Arabia: Challenges and Future

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5711
Author(s):  
Laith A. Hadidi ◽  
Ahmed Ghaithan ◽  
Awsan Mohammed ◽  
Khalaf Al-Ofi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Residential Camp

The need for resilience and an agile waste management system in Saudi Arabia is vital to control safely the rapid growth of its municipal solid waste (MSW) with minimal environment toll. Similarly, the domestic energy production in Saudi Arabia is thriving and putting a tremendous pressure on its huge reserves of fossil oil. Waste to energy (WTE) plants provides a golden opportunity for Saudi Arabia; however, both challenges (MSW mitigation and energy production) are usually looked at in isolation. This paper at first explores the potential of expanding the WTE energy production in the eastern province in Saudi Arabia under two scenarios (complete mass burn with and without recycling). Secondly, this study analyzes the effect of 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) practices implementation in a residential camp (11,000 population) to influence the behavior of the camp’s citizens to reduce their average waste (kg/capita). The results of the 3R-WTE framework show a potential may reach 254 Megawatt (MW) of electricity by year 2030. The 3R system implementation in the camp reduced MSW production from 5,625 tons to 3000 tons of household waste every year, which is considered lower than what the surrounding communities to be produced in the same area.

scholarly journals Emerging Technologies for Waste to Energy Production: A General Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kajal Saini ◽  
Keshav Saini
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Conversion Technologies ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Growing Population

Growing population leads to industrialisation and urbanization which in turn generate huge amount of waste that represents a big problem for many developed and developing countries. Emerging solution for this problem can be use of wastes as a sustainable source of energy in the form of heat, electricity, fertilizer and biofuel like bioethanol. Type of technology employed is mainly based on the composition of waste whether it is rich in organic matter like MSW or not. WTE technologies reduce the volume of waste as well as decrease the dependence on fossil fuels for energy generation.This study focuses on overview of various available waste to energy conversion technologies like pyrolysis, gasification, incineration, biochemical treatments like landfill gas, aerobic and anaerobic digestion of wastes.

Maximizing Energy Revenues: Providing the Best Incentive to the Contract Operator

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony LoRe ◽  
Paul Stoller ◽  
Robert Hauser
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Revenue Streams ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
Commitment Criteria

Communities that own waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities rely heavily on the revenues generated by their facility to help pay for the costs to finance, operate and maintain these facilities. The two primary revenue streams are tipping fees and energy sales, generally in the form of electricity. While communities often retain all of the tipping fee revenue, revenue from the sale of energy is nearly always shared with the contract operator. In some cases the shared energy revenues include both capacity and electricity payments. The basis of this strategy is to offer the contract operator an added incentive to maximize this revenue stream through more efficient operation and, in the case of capacity payments, to meet certain capacity commitment criteria required by the energy purchaser. This strategy recognizes that the contract operator has some degree of control over the factors that affect energy production. Under most existing service agreements, which date back to the 1980s, energy revenues are shared on a 90/10 basis, with 90 percent going to the community. Now that many of these service agreements are coming up for renewal or are expiring, communities will need to revisit how best to share energy revenues with the contract operator in order to maximize the total revenues retained by the community. This paper analyzes several different approaches to sharing energy revenues in light of the operational experience gained over the past 20 plus years and concludes that, while energy revenue sharing is still in the best interest of the community, the widely employed strategy of a 90/10 split may not offer the best incentive, and therefore may not lead to the maximization of energy revenues to the community.

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