Study on Combustion Process and Emissions of a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine Fueled with DMC/Diesel Blend

2014 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 04013004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deqing Mei ◽  
Klaus Hielscher ◽  
Roland Baar
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Single Cylinder

Investigation of Fuel Spray Propagation, Combustion and Soot Formation/Oxidation in a Single Cylinder Medium Speed Diesel Engine

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fridolin Unfug ◽  
Uwe Wagner ◽  
Kai W. Beck ◽  
Juergen Pfeil ◽  
Ulf Waldenmaier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Soot Concentration ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
532 Nm

To fulfil strict emission regulations and the need for higher efficiency of future Diesel engines require an optimized combustion process. Optical investigations represent a powerful tool for getting a better understanding of the ongoing processes. For medium speed Diesel engines, optical investigations are relatively rare or not available. The “Institut für Kolbenmaschinen” (IFKM) and MAN Diesel & Turbo SE performed extensive optical in-situ investigations of the injection and combustion process of a MAN 32/44 CR single cylinder medium speed Diesel engine that provide previously unavailable insights into the ongoing processes. The optical investigations aimed on fuel spray visualization, high-speed soot luminescence measurement and two colour pyrometry applied for five combustion chamber regions. To apply the optical measurement techniques, two optical accesses were designed. Access no. 1 is placed near the cylinder liner. Access no. 2 is located close to the injector in a 46° angle to the cylinder vertical axis. An insert was used which consists of an illumination port and a visualization endoscope. Additionally some special nozzle designs were used beside the standard nozzle, which have one separated nozzle hole. This enables a simultaneous view from both optical accesses on the same flame cone. For Mie-Scattering investigation a pulsed Nd:YAG-Laser with 532 nm wavelength was used for illumination and a CCD-camera with an upstream 532 nm optical filter was used for visualization. This combination allows observing the liquid fuel distribution even after start of combustion. Penetration depth of liquid fuel spray was analysed for different swirl numbers, intake manifold pressures, injection timings and injection pressures. High-speed flame visualization was done by two CMOS cameras which were mounted at two different optical accesses with view on the same flame cone. Due to this application a simultaneous measurement of the flame distribution of two different views was possible. This enables a 3-dimensional investigation of the flame propagation process. In addition, the advanced two colour pyrometry was applied for five different regions of the same flame cone. Due to a calibration after each measurement the absolute radiant flux can be calculated and thus the absolute temperature and soot concentration. With this procedure it was possible to give a real temperature and soot concentration distribution of the flame cone. To provide more detailed information about the combustion process, selected engine operation points were simulated with a modified version of the CFD code KIVA3v-Release2 at the IFKM. The simulated results were compared to the measured data.

scholarly journals Optimization of Inlet and Exhaust Manifold on a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine to Enhance the Combustion

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1408-1411
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Exhaust Valve ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Power Stroke ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Exhaust Manifold ◽  
Single Cylinder

In the internal combustion Diesel engines the most important subsystem is Intake manifold and Exhaust manifold. In the intake manifold which supplies fresh air –fuel mixture in to the cylinders where combustion takes place at high temperature and high pressure. After exhaust gases scavenged through valves from the cylinders, these gases past exhaust manifold an outlet, through which the gases flow into exhaust pipes from there to the emission control equipment of engine which consists of catalytic and thermal converters. The development of swirl can be enhanced by re-designing of inlet port of an Engine. There is further development in the swirl due to combustion process to another maximum part way in to the power stroke. Swirl can promotes the combustion process in a better way and causes efficiency increase. Better mixing of air – fuel there is a little bit changing the inlet and exhaust valve. Valve stem diameter is 9.5mm, Inlet valve diameter is 36mm, Exhaust Valve diameter is 28mm by varying the pitch 1.0mm to 2mm and thread depth of cut as 4mm and three thread per inch from this arrangement to investigate the performance by enhancing the swirl of air flow to get betterment in the performance and decrease in emissions in a (DI) direct injection diesel engine with single cylinder when compared with normal engine.

Experimental Investigation of Combustion Characteristics of a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine at Altitude

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Zhentao Liu ◽  
Jinlong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Combustion Duration ◽  
Rise Rate ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel ◽  
Intake Pressure

Abstract Concern over the change of atmospheric conditions at high altitudes prompted interests in the deteriorated efficiency and emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines. This study utilized a single-cylinder, four stroke, direct injected diesel engine to experimentally investigate the altitude effects on combustion characteristics. High altitude operations were simulated via reducing the intake pressure but maintaining constant engine speed and torque. The results suggested reduced in-cylinder pressure but increased temperature as altitude rose. The combustion analysis indicated a slight longer ignition delay, raising and retarding the pressure rise rate and energy release rate in the premixed combustion process. A smaller excess air ratio contributed to combustion deterioration, reflected from a retarded end of combustion, a longer combustion duration, a reduced thermal efficiency, and an increased level of incomplete combustion. However, the phasing and combustion profile were not significantly impacted, when the altitude was elevated from sea level to 2000m, at least for the engine and conditions investigated in this study. Consequently, it is not necessary to adjust the engine ECU when operated in the U.S., considering that the mean elevations of most states are lower than 2000m.

Effects of Pre-Injection on Combustion Characteristics of a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mittal ◽  
G. Zhu ◽  
T. Stuecken ◽  
H. J. Schock
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Combustion Noise ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Multiple Injections ◽  
Main Injection ◽  
Load Conditions

Multiple injections used for diesel engines, especially pre- and post-injections, have the potential to reduce combustion noise and emissions with improved engine performance. This paper outlines the combustion characteristics of a single-cylinder diesel engine with multiple injections. The effects of pre-injection (multi-injection) on combustion characteristics are presented in a single-cylinder diesel engine at different engine speeds and load conditions. A common rail fuel system with a solenoid injector, driven by a peak and hold circuit, is used in this work. This enables us to control the number of injections, fuel injection timing and duration, and the fuel rail pressure that can be used to optimize the engine combustion process (e.g., eliminate engine knock). Mass fraction burned and burn durations are determined by analyzing the measured in-cylinder pressure data. Results are compared with the cases when no pre-injection was used, i.e. only main injection, at the same engine speeds and load conditions. In each study, different cases are considered with the variation in main injection timing. It is found that at full-load condition and lower engine speeds pre-injection is an effective method to alter the engine burn rate and hence to eliminate knock.

scholarly journals Spray, Combustion, and Air Pollutant Characteristics of JP-5 for Naval Aircraft from Experimental Single-Cylinder CRDI Diesel Engine

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2362
Author(s):  
Hyungmin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Spray Combustion ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Visualization System ◽  
Single Cylinder

This study was performed to analyze the spray, combustion, and air pollutant characteristic of JP-5 fuel for naval aircraft in a spray visualization system and a single-cylinder CRDI diesel engine that can be visualized. The analysis results of JP-5 fuel were compared with DF. The spray tip penetration of JP-5 showed diminished results as the spray developed. JP-5 had the highest ROHR and ROPR regardless of the fuel injection timings. The physicochemical characteristics of JP-5, such as its excellent vaporization and low cetane number, were analyzed to prolong the ignition delay. Overall, the longer combustion period and the lower heat loss of the DF raised the engine torque and the IMEP. JP-5 showed higher O2 and lower CO2 levels than the DF fuel. The CO emission level increased as the injection timing was advanced in two test fuels, and the CO emitted from the DF fuel, which has a longer combustion period than JP-5, turned out to be lower. NOx also reduced as the fuel injection timing was retarded, but it was discharged at a higher level in JP-5 due to the large heat release. The images from the combustion process visualization showed that the flame luminosity of DF is stronger, its ignition delay is shorter, and its combustion period is longer than that of JP-5.

Effect of Swirl and Injection Pressure on Performance and Emissions of JP-8 Fueled High Speed Single Cylinder Diesel Engine

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagdish Nargunde ◽  
Chandrasekharan Jayakumar ◽  
Anubhav Sinha ◽  
Naeim A. Henein ◽  
Walter Bryzik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustible Mixture ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Swirl Ratio ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Injection Pressures

An investigation was conducted on a 0.42 liter single cylinder diesel engine equipped with a common rail fuel injection system to evaluate the influence of the swirl motion on JP-8 fuel combustion. Engine tests were performed under steady state conditions of 5 bar IMEP and 1500 RPM. Two different swirl ratios of 1.44 and 7.12 were applied at injection pressures ranging from 400 to 1200 bar. The apparent rate of heat release (ARHR) curve is analyzed to determine the effect of swirl on combustible mixture formation, auto-ignition, premixed and diffusion controlled combustion fractions. An attempt is made to correlate between the swirl ratio and different combustion and emissions parameters at different injection pressures. The emissions included the gaseous fractions and particulates. Two types of particulate matter were measured: Accumulation mode particles (AMPs) and Nucleation mode particles (NMPs). The results indicate that ignition delay duration of JP-8 increases as the swirl ratio increases influencing the overall combustion process and engine out emissions.

Effect of Al2O3 and SiO2 Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Blended with POME on Combustion, Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Diesel Engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 6859-6873 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Adzmi ◽  
A. Abdullah ◽  
Z. Abdullah ◽  
A. G. Mrwan
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Combustion Characteristic ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
Co Addition ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Test Fuel

Evaluation of combustion characteristic, engine performances and exhaust emissions of nanoparticles blended in palm oil methyl ester (POME) was conducted in this experiment using a single-cylinder diesel engine. Nanoparticles used was aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) with a portion of 50 ppm and 100 ppm. SiO2 and Al2O3 were blended in POME and labelled as PS50, PS100 and PA50, PA100, respectively. The data results for PS and PA fuel were compared to POME test fuel. Single cylinder diesel engine YANMAR TF120M attached with DEWESoft data acquisition module (DAQ) model SIRIUSi-HS was used in this experiment. Various engine loads of zero, 7 N.m, 14 Nm, 21 N.m and 28 N.m at a constant engine speed of 1800 rpm were applied during engine testing. Results for each fuel were obtained by calculating the average three times repetition of engine testing. Findings show that the highest maximum pressure of nanoparticles fuel increase by 16.3% compared to POME test fuel. Other than that, the engine peak torque and engine power show a significant increase by 43% and 44%, respectively, recorded during the PS50 fuel test. Meanwhile, emissions of nanoparticles fuel show a large decrease by 10% of oxide of nitrogen (NOx), 6.3% reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) and a slight decrease of 0.02% on carbon monoxide (CO). Addition of nanoparticles in biodiesel show positive improvements when used in diesel engines and further details were discussed.  

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