Flow Rate and Sediment-Trapping Laboratory Experiments Using Various Biofilter Media

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Redahegn Sileshi ◽  
Robert Pitt ◽  
Shirley Clark
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Sediment Trapping

scholarly journals Volumetric flow rate in simulations of microfluidic devices

2018 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 02046
Author(s):  
KristÍna Kovalčíková ◽  
Martin Slavík ◽  
Katarína Bachratá ◽  
Hynek Bachratý ◽  
Alžbeta Bohiniková
Keyword(s):  
External Force ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Fixed Set ◽  
Volumetric Rate ◽  
Simulation Parameter ◽  
Set Up

In this work, we examine the volumetric flow rate of microfluidic devices. The volumetric flow rate is a parameter which is necessary to correctly set up a simulation of a real device and to check the conformity of a simulation and a laboratory experiments [1]. Instead of defining the volumetric rate at the beginning as a simulation parameter, a parameter of external force is set. The proposed hypothesis is that for a fixed set of other parameters (topology, viscosity of the liquid, …) the volumetric flow rate is linearly dependent on external force in typical ranges of fluid velocity used in our simulations. To confirm this linearity hypothesis and to find numerical limits of this approach, we test several values of the external force parameter. The tests are designed for three different topologies of simulation box and for various haematocrits. The topologies of the microfluidic devices are inspired by existing laboratory experiments [3 - 6]. The linear relationship between the external force and the volumetric flow rate is verified in orders of magnitudes similar to the values obtained from laboratory experiments.

DEVELOPING OF THE MODES AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DESINFECTION OF VETERINARY AND SANITARY OJECTS BY DIRECTED AEROSOLS ANOLYTE «ALOX» IN CHAMBER EXPERIENCES

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
N. E. Vanner ◽  
◽  
A. A. Prokopenko ◽  
G. V. Filipenkova ◽  
I. V. Kushch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Drug Consumption ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Test Objects

As a result of the experiments on test objects made of wood, concrete and iron with protein protection, contaminated with microorganisms of the 1...4th groups of resistance to chemical disinfectants is studing the disinfecting activity of the new anolyte "Alox". It is established that the drug "Alox" has a high bactericidal and disinfecting activity. In laboratory experiments, test objects made of wood, concrete and iron, contaminated with E. coli, Pcs. 1257, were disinfected with directed aerosols of the drug "Alox" for 6 hours at a rate of 100 ml/m2. Disinfection of test objects with protein protection, contaminated with S. aureus, pcs. 209-P, was reached by anolyte in 6 hours with a drug consumption of 150 ml / m2, Mycobacterium B-5 – with a preparation consumption of 170 ml/m2 in 24 hours, and 200 ml/m2 in 6 hours. Inactivation of spores B. cereus, pcs. 96 on the test objects is achieved by directed aerosols of the drug "Alox" for 24 hours at a flow rate of 200 ml/m2.

Cyclone and anticyclone formation in a rotating stratified fluid over a sloping bottom

1999 ◽  
Vol 381 ◽  
pp. 199-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. CENEDESE ◽  
P. F. LINDEN
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Coriolis Parameter ◽  
The West ◽  
Single Vortex ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Sloping Bottom ◽  
Continuous Source

We discuss laboratory experiments with a continuous source or sink of fluid in a two-layer rotating environment which produces anticyclonic and cyclonic vortices, respectively. Experiments were carried out with a sloping bottom in order to simulate the β-effect and they were conducted for different values for the source/sink flow rate Q and the Coriolis parameter f. The Rossby number Ro of these vortices was small but finite and the flow was expected to be quasi-geostrophic. The qualitative behaviour of the anticyclonic and cyclonic vortices was generally similar, but it depended on the flow rate. For low flow rates, a single vortex formed at the source and extended to the west. At higher flow rates, the vortex broke free from the source and moved to the west; this vortex was then followed sequentially by other vortices behaving similarly. The westward velocity U of these vortices was calculated and compared with the speed Us of a linear topographic Rossby wave. For multiple vortices the westward velocities were greater than Us while for a single vortex produced by a low flow rate the velocity was less than Us. Significant asymmetry between the anticyclonic and cyclonic vortices was observed in the transition zone from single to multiple vortices which implies that ageostrophic effects were still present in the flow.

Effects of flashing on spray characteristics of splashplate nozzles

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
REZA KARAMI ◽  
ARI KANKKUNEN ◽  
NASSER ASHGRIZ ◽  
HONGHI TRAN
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Excess Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Actual Size

The effects of flashing on black liquor spray patterns were investigated by analyzing numerous spray images obtained from laboratory experiments using small scale splashplate nozzles with water and experiments using actual size splashplate nozzles with black liquor. The results showed that flashing produces small droplets and increases droplet velocity. The liquor mass flow rate varies with direction: the rate is higher at the center than at the sides of the spray sheet, particularly at a lower excess temperature. At a higher excess temperature, however, the mass distribution becomes more uniform across the spray sheet. Criteria were developed for predicting the onset of flashing and for estimating the mean droplet size of the black liquor spray under flashing conditions.

Unsteady two-layer hydraulic exchange flows with friction

2009 ◽  
Vol 633 ◽  
pp. 99-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. LI ◽  
G. A. LAWRENCE
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Forced Flow ◽  
Exchange Flow ◽  
Interface Position ◽  
Exchange Flows ◽  
Sea Straits ◽  
Flow Through

Two-layer exchange flow through a contraction with both friction and barotropic forcing is modelled in terms of three parameters reflecting the friction and the strength and period of the barotropic forcing. In the appropriate limits, the results for steady flow with and without friction, and inviscid barotropically forced flow are recovered. The predicted time-dependent interface position compares well with laboratory experiments, improving on the inviscid formulation. The concurrent effects of friction and barotropic forcing on average exchange flow rate are determined. When friction is weak barotropic forcing increases the exchange rate. However, when friction is high, tidal forcing can result in a reduced exchange rate, a phenomena that we call tidal inhibition. When friction is weak maximal exchange occurs throughout the tidal cycle, but as friction is increased submaximal flow develops for longer and longer periods. As friction is increased even further the flow becomes hydraulically uncontrolled. The parameter range for major sea straits includes tidally enhanced and tidally inhibited flows, as well as maximal, submaximal and uncontrolled flows.

scholarly journals Mixing in a density-driven current flowing down a slope in a rotating fluid

2008 ◽  
Vol 604 ◽  
pp. 369-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDIA CENEDESE ◽  
CLAUDIA ADDUCE
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Flow Regimes ◽  
Rotating Fluid ◽  
Bottom Slope ◽  
Turbulent Entrainment ◽  
Dense Fluid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sloping Bottom

We discuss laboratory experiments investigating mixing in a density-driven current flowing down a sloping bottom, in a rotating homogenous fluid. A systematic study spanning a wide range of Froude, 0.8 < Fr < 10, and Reynolds, 10 < Re < 1400, numbers was conducted by varying three parameters: the bottom slope; the flow rate; and the density of the dense fluid. Different flow regimes were observed, i.e. waves (non-breaking and breaking) and turbulent regimes, while changing the above parameters. Mixing in the density-driven current has been quantified within the observed regimes, and at different locations on the slope. The dependence of mixing on the relevant non-dimensional numbers, i.e. slope, Fr and Re, is discussed. The entrainment parameter, E, was found to be dependent not only on Fr, as assumed in previous studies, but also on Re. In particular, mixing increased with increasing Fr and Re. For low Fr and Re, the magnitude of the mixing was comparable to mixing in the ocean. For large Fr and Re, mixing was comparable to that observed in previous laboratory experiments that exhibited the classic turbulent entrainment behaviour.

Investagation of the sediment connectivity under freeze-thaw meltwater compound erosion condition on loessal slope

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Wang ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Jingming Hou ◽  
Zhanbin Li ◽  
Shengdong Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Rill Erosion ◽  
Erosion Process ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Concentrated Flow ◽  
Sediment Connectivity

&lt;p&gt;The connectivity of rill erosion and overland flow are significantly affected by freeze-thaw cycles. Meltwater concentrated flow laboratory experiments were carried out to assess the soil erosion connectivity of different frozen conditions based on simplified hydrological curve and relative surface connection function. The experiments were performed over frozen, shallow-thawed, and unfrozen soil-filled flumes under 1, 2, and 4 L/min flow rates with the temperature around 5 &amp;#176;C. The results imply that according to the spatial distribution of the high connected areas on the slope, the connectivity of the sediment structure on the slope is obviously enhanced with the increase of the flow rate. The order of the structural connectivity of the sediment on the slope with different freeze-thaw states under the same flow rate is: frozen slope &gt; shallow-thawed slope &gt; unfrozen slope. Under different flows and soil frozen conditions, the laws of the vertical and horizontal connectivity rates of the slope are relatively similar which increase first and then stabilize, while the horizontal connectivity rate first decreases and then stabilizes. From the perspective of horizontal connectivity, the erosion form at the beginning of the experiment was mainly surface erosion; as the experiment progressed, the erosion form gradually changed from surface erosion to rill erosion. The results of this research would provide specific implications about meltwater erosion connectivity for improving the erosion process understand.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Discharge Coefficient of a Round-Crested Weir

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1206
Author(s):  
Jing Gong ◽  
Jun Deng ◽  
Wangru Wei
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Empirical Formula ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Discharge Coefficient ◽  
Data Distribution ◽  
Group Parameter ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Two Parameters

A model experimental study was conducted for the discharge capability of different shapes of the crest of a weir. The flow rate and the head over the weir measured by laboratory experiments were used as two parameters for characterizing the head discharge relationship. Experiments indicated that the head discharge relationship for different radii located upstream and downstream of the crest of the weir had different features. A series of detailed experiments investigated the effects of different upstream rounding radii on the discharge capability when the downstream rounding radius was constant and the round ratio between the radius of the rounded upstream corner to the weir breath in the direction of flow was equal to 1.00. Experimental results showed that the rounded upstream corner could increase the discharge capability. The discharge capability increased as the upstream round ratio became larger and did not change when the round ratio varied from 0.10 to 0.30 and from 0.75 to 1.00 in this experiment. Based on the experimental data distribution, the empirical formula for the discharge coefficient was fitted with the round ratio as the group parameter.

HYDROLYTIC RANCIDITY INDUCED BY PIPELINE MILKERS

1954 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 306-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Kelley ◽  
W. L. Dunkley
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Pump ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Milk Flow

Rancidity induced in milk by activation treatments in pipeline milkers has been encountered on a number of ranches. Methods of reducing such activation have been demonstrated by laboratory experiments Among the major contributors to induced rancidity are admission of air to the milk line, low milk flow-rate, inclusion in the vacuum section of the milk line of a filter, numerous fittings, or vertical pipes in which air bubbles through milk, and continous operation of a starved centrifugal pump. Variations in the susceptibility of milk to induced rancidity appear to be important in determining whether milk will go rancid after passage through a pipeline milker.

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