Energy transition characterization of 1.18 and 1.3 μm bands of bismuth fiber by spectroscopy of the transient oscillations

Self-consumption energy facilities are presented as viable and sustainable solutions in the energy transition scenario in which many countries are immersed. However, they rely on dispersed and private investments in the territory. Given the uneven growth in the number of self-consumption facilities in Europe, the main objective of this study is to identify and measure the investment determinants in self-consumption facilities. To this end, the main influential incentives and barriers are identified through the aggregate analysis of the regulatory framework for self-consumption in several European countries, and the empirical characterization of Spanish facilities as a multiple case study, to define the common features of the investments made. The technical, economic, and financial characterization of real self-consumption facilities in climatic zones of southern Europe is a significant contribution of the present work. There are few samples of this type in the studies published to date, which have mainly been prepared from case studies or statistical data without identifying particular facilities. Cost-related variables have been identified as the most important variables in private investment decisions, and potential influential factors on these variables that could be regulated have been pointed out as relevant. It is also worth highlighting the elaboration of an analytical framework based on this conceptual approach, which has been proven to be useful to depict regulatory scenarios and to compare the positioning for the development of self-consumption systems in different countries. A model that transfers the influence of the determining factors to the deployment of self-consumption under specific regulatory scenarios has been developed and applied to the case of Spain. As a general reflection, to increase the adoption of this kind of technology and encourage consumers to make private investments, policies for renewable energy must consider self-consumption and microgeneration as the main axis, by increasing the availability of energy when necessary. For instance, the promotion of energy storage from these kinds of facilities could receive priority treatment, as well as rewarding the electricity surplus in the interests of security of supply in a period of energy transition towards a new, more sustainable model. Incentive schemes, aids to compensate for the additional costs resulting from the battery storage or easing restrictions in terms of contracted power would foreseeably increase the rates of adoption of the technology, favoring its faster development in terms of research and development and product innovation.

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Nature and characterization of the singlet and triplet excited states of the dibenzylideneacetone and di-3-(N-ethylcarbazoylidene)acetone bridging ligands

Canadian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1139/v92-353 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 70 (11) ◽

pp. 2777-2784 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pierre D. Harvey ◽

Benoit Daoust

Keyword(s):

Excited States ◽

Model Compound ◽

Energy Transition ◽

Quantum Yields ◽

Bridging Ligands ◽

Fluorescence Quantum Yields ◽

A Charge ◽

Triplet Excited States ◽

First Time

The lowest energy singlet state in di-3-(N-ethylcarbazoylidene)acetone (dNECa), a luminescent model compound at room temperature for dibenzylideneacetone (dba), has been assigned to a charge transfer (CT) state using the medium polarity effect on λmax(F) and the fluorescence polarized spectra of dNECa at 77 K. The dNECa fluorescence quantum yields [Formula: see text] and lifetimes (τF) are solvent sensitive where both [Formula: see text] and τF tend to increase with polarity. The very weak and moderately structured phosphorences have been located for the first time for both dba and dNECa in the 550–800 nm range and are also assigned to a CT state. In this case the CT interactions are less pronounced than λ(0–0)P and τP are much less solvent sensitive. Finally, EHMO type calculations confirm that the CT transition is the lowest energy transition in dba and di-3-(N-methylindoylidene)acetone (a model compound for dNECa), but also suggest that the nπ* state must lie near the CT state in dba.

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Thermal damage evaluation in nickel plate by nonlinear electromagnetic acoustic resonance technique

International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics ◽

10.3233/jae-209396 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (1-4) ◽

pp. 835-842

Author(s):

Weibin Li ◽

Chang Jiang ◽

Zifeng Lan ◽

Mingxi Deng

Keyword(s):

Thermal Damage ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Energy Transition ◽

Ferromagnetic Material ◽

Acoustic Resonance ◽

Metallic Structures ◽

Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers ◽

Acoustic Transducers ◽

And Performance

Nickel and nickel-based composites are of vital importance in many fields, while temperature loading can greatly influence the strength and performance of the materials. Nondestructive evaluation and characterization of such thermal damage can be used to predict the failure of metallic structures, thermal barrier coatings and so on, especially in a non-contact way under certain strict circumstances, such as testing at high temperature or in radiative environment. Herein, a contactless ultrasonic technique employing electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) combined with the resonance ultrasound spectroscopy is applied to make up the low energy transition efficiency of EMATs and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of ultrasonic testing signals. The method is adopted to assess the thermal damages of different levels in artificially heat loaded nickel plates. The damage sensitivity of third order harmonics generated from shear waves is discussed, along with linear ultrasonic features including wave velocity and attenuation. Experimental results show that the proposed nonlinear electromagnetic acoustic resonance (EMAR) technique can be used to evaluate the thermal damage in ferromagnetic material with improved reliability and sensitivity over linear ones.

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A Characterization of European Collective Action Initiatives and their Role as Enablers of Citizens’ Participation in the Energy Transition

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14248452 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (24) ◽

pp. 8452

Author(s):

Veronica Lupi ◽

Chiara Candelise ◽

Merce Almuni Calull ◽

Sarah Delvaux ◽

Pieter Valkering ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Collective Action ◽

Social Inclusion ◽

Social Innovation ◽

Energy Transition ◽

Social Perspectives ◽

Raising Awareness ◽

Energy Projects ◽

Multi Level ◽

Key Dimensions

This paper provides novel additional evidence on the characteristics of Collective Action Initiatives (CAIs), investigating their role within the European energy sector. It analyses and presents results of a survey administered in six European countries: the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, Poland, Estonia, and Spain. CAIs are studied in light of four key dimensions, those being their creation dynamics, the way they are organized, financed, and the activities they undertake. The results presented are also interpreted to reflect on their role as drivers of social innovation (SI) within energy transition in Europe. The analysis shows that the contribution of CAIs to the energy transition has a much wider scope than the development of energy projects and provision of energy services. CAIs are intrinsically socially innovative models of implementation as characterised by a strong level of citizen involvement and participation. Moreover, they have a potential multi-level role in the energy transition, from the technological and social perspectives. Indeed, alongside traditional energy activities, our results show that CAIs are evolving and expanding towards socially innovative activities, raising awareness on environmental issues, promoting citizens’ mobilization, and fostering social inclusion.

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The Multidimensionality of Consumption: Energy Lifestyles

10.1007/978-3-030-85796-7_6 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 93-112

Author(s):

Markus Hadler ◽

Beate Klösch ◽

Stephan Schwarzinger ◽

Markus Schweighart ◽

Rebecca Wardana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Transition ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Second Step ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Related Data ◽

Energy Behavior ◽

Consumption Energy

AbstractThis chapter enhances the previous understanding of Energy Lifestyles by identifying groups with distinct patterns of energy behavior across six areas of life. In contrast to most previous studies, the identification of groups is exclusively conducted on the basis of behavior-related data, whereas the characterization of the groups follows in a second step using psychological and socio-demographic variables. This chapter explicitly considers the multidimensionality of behavior and provides a comprehensive overview of different Energy Lifestyles and their potential roles in energy transition. The finding that there are almost no “average users” points out that policy designs must go beyond average figures based on the national emission figures and need to focus on different Energy Lifestyles.

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Morphological Characterization of Mycobacteriophage R1

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100051281 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 254-255

Author(s):

B. L. Soloff ◽

T. A. Rado

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Stationary Phase ◽

Growth Phase ◽

Minimal Medium ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽

Complete Lysis ◽

Lysogenic Culture ◽

Logarithmic Growth

Mycobacteriophage R1 was originally isolated from a lysogenic culture of M. butyricum. The virus was propagated on a leucine-requiring derivative of M. smegmatis, 607 leu−, isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of typestrain ATCC 607. Growth was accomplished in a minimal medium containing glycerol and glucose as carbon source and enriched by the addition of 80 μg/ ml L-leucine. Bacteria in early logarithmic growth phase were infected with virus at a multiplicity of 5, and incubated with aeration for 8 hours. The partially lysed suspension was diluted 1:10 in growth medium and incubated for a further 8 hours. This permitted stationary phase cells to re-enter logarithmic growth and resulted in complete lysis of the culture.

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AEM analysis of crystallization in Ti-based amorphous alloys

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100075142 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 270-271

Author(s):

A.R. Pelton ◽

A.F. Marshall ◽

Y.S. Lee

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Properties ◽

Amorphous Alloys ◽

Amorphous Materials ◽

Isothermal Annealing ◽

Amorphous Matrix ◽

Nucleation And Growth ◽

Current Interest ◽

Amorphous Films ◽

Electrical And Magnetic Properties

Amorphous materials are of current interest due to their desirable mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties. Furthermore, crystallizing amorphous alloys provides an avenue for discerning sequential and competitive phases thus allowing access to otherwise inaccessible crystalline structures. Previous studies have shown the benefits of using AEM to determine crystal structures and compositions of partially crystallized alloys. The present paper will discuss the AEM characterization of crystallized Cu-Ti and Ni-Ti amorphous films.Cu60Ti40: The amorphous alloy Cu60Ti40, when continuously heated, forms a simple intermediate, macrocrystalline phase which then transforms to the ordered, equilibrium Cu3Ti2 phase. However, contrary to what one would expect from kinetic considerations, isothermal annealing below the isochronal crystallization temperature results in direct nucleation and growth of Cu3Ti2 from the amorphous matrix.

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Characterization of Coherent, Ordered Precipitates in Nickel-Base Alloys

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100071168 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 144-145

Author(s):

B. H. Kear ◽

J. M. Oblak

Keyword(s):

Stable Phase ◽

Nickel Base Superalloy ◽

Alloy 718 ◽

Commercial Alloy ◽

Precipitate Morphology ◽

Continuous Precipitation ◽

Nickel Base ◽

Base Superalloy ◽

Strengthening Precipitate

A nickel-base superalloy is essentially a Ni/Cr solid solution hardened by additions of Al (Ti, Nb, etc.) to precipitate a coherent, ordered phase. In most commercial alloy systems, e.g. B-1900, IN-100 and Mar-M200, the stable precipitate is Ni3 (Al,Ti) γ′, with an LI2structure. In A lloy 901 the normal precipitate is metastable Nis Ti3 γ′ ; the stable phase is a hexagonal Do2 4 structure. In Alloy 718 the strengthening precipitate is metastable γ″, which has a body-centered tetragonal D022 structure.Precipitate MorphologyIn most systems the ordered γ′ phase forms by a continuous precipitation re-action, which gives rise to a uniform intragranular dispersion of precipitate particles. For zero γ/γ′ misfit, the γ′ precipitates assume a spheroidal.

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The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100071107 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 132-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. E. Herfert

Keyword(s):

Surface Characterization ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Depth Of Penetration ◽

X Ray ◽

The Past ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

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