Spatial distribution of climate indices in the Iberian Peninsula

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Andrade ◽  
J. A. Corte-Real
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Climate Indices

scholarly journals Spatial impact and triggering conditions of the exceptional hydro-geomorphological event of December 1909 in Iberia

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pereira ◽  
A. M. Ramos ◽  
J. L. Zêzere ◽  
R. M. Trigo ◽  
J. M. Vaquero
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Disaster Event

Abstract. According to the DISASTER database the 20–28 December 1909 event was the hydro-geomorphologic event with the highest number of flood and landslide cases that occurred in Portugal in the period 1865–2010 (Zêzere et al., 2014). This event also caused important social impacts over the Spanish territory, especially in the Douro Basin, having triggered the highest floods in more than 100 years at the river's mouth in the city of Oporto. This work has a dual purpose: (i) to characterize the spatial distribution and social impacts of the December 1909 hydro-geomorphologic DISASTER event over Portugal and Spain; (ii) to analyse the meteorological conditions that triggered the event and the spatial distribution of the precipitation anomalies. Social impacts that occurred in Portugal were obtained from the Disaster database (Zêzere et al., 2014) whereas the data collection for Spain was supported by the systematic analysis of Spanish daily newspapers. In addition, the meteorological conditions that triggered the event are analysed using the 20th Century Reanalysis data set from NOAA and precipitation data from Iberian meteorological stations. The Iberian Peninsula was spatially affected during this event along the SW-NE direction spanning from Lisbon, Santarém, Oporto, and Guarda (in Portugal), to Salamanca, Valladolid, Zamora, Orense, León, and Palencia (in Spain). In Iberia, 134 DISASTER cases were recorded (130 flood cases; 4 landslides cases) having caused 89 casualties (57 due to floods and 32 due to landslides) and a further total of 3876 affected people, including fatalities, injured, missing, evacuated, and homeless people. This event was associated with outstanding precipitation registered at Guarda (Portugal) on 22 December 1909 and unusual meteorological conditions characterized by the presence of a deep low-pressure system located over the NW Iberian Peninsula with a stationary frontal system striking the western Iberian Peninsula. The presence of an upper-level jet (250 hPa) and low-level jet (900 hPa) located SW–NE oriented towards Iberia along with upper-level divergence and lower-level convergence favoured large-scale precipitation. Finally, associated with these features it is possible to state that this extreme event was clearly associated with the presence of an elongated Atmospheric River, crossing the entire northern Atlantic Basin and providing a continuous supply of moisture that contributed to enhance precipitation. This work contributes to a comprehensive and systematic synoptic evaluation of the second most deadly hydro-geomorphologic DISASTER event that has occurred in Portugal since 1865 and will help to better understand the meteorological system that was responsible for triggering the event.

scholarly journals Modeling PM10 Originating from Dust Intrusions in the Southern Iberian Peninsula Using HYSPLIT

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Stein ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
J. D. de la Rosa ◽  
A. M. Sanchez de la Campa ◽  
Nuria Castell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Hysplit Model ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distributions ◽  
Background Measurement ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Surface Background

Abstract The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectories (HYSPLIT) model has been applied to calculate the spatial and temporal distributions of dust originating from North Africa. The model has been configured to forecast hourly particulate matter ≤10 μm (PM10) dust concentrations focusing on the impacts over the southern Iberian Peninsula. Two full years (2008 and 2009) have been simulated and compared against surface background measurement sites. A statistical analysis using discrete and categorical evaluations is presented. The model is capable of simulating the occurrence of Saharan dust episodes as observed at the measurement stations and captures the generally higher levels observed in eastern Andalusia, Spain, with respect to the western Andalusia station. But the simulation tends to underpredict the magnitude of the dust concentration peaks. The model has also been qualitatively compared with satellite data, showing generally good agreement in the spatial distribution of the dust column.

scholarly journals Duvalius (Duvalius) lencinai Mateu & Ortuño, 2006 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini) una especie hipogea del sur de la península ibérica. Morfología, reubicación taxonómica, sistemática y biología

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
V. M. Ortuño ◽  
◽  
P. Barranco ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Municipal District ◽  
Arthropod Fauna ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Península Ibérica

Duvalius (Duvalius) lencinai Mateu & Ortuño, 2006 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini) a hypogean species from the south of the Iberian peninsula. Morphology, new taxonomic placement, systematics and biology Duvalius (Duvalius) lencinai Mateu & Ortuño, 2006 was discovered in two new localities in the municipal district of Siles (Jaen, Spain): Sima Curva del Espino and Sima de los 30 Años, approximately 10 and 17 km, respectively, away from the type locality. The study of several individuals through dissection and use of optic and electronic microscopic preparations has increased the knowledge of the anatomy of this species. Evagination of the internal sac allowed further study of the sclerotized structures and led to the proposal of a new placement for this species within the genus Trechus Clairville 1806: Trechus (Trechus) lencinai (Mateu & Ortuño, 2006) n. comb. Although it comprises characters of the T. fulvus group and the T. pyrenaeus group, the endophallus is more similar to several species of the T. quadristriatus group and the T. tingitanus group. It could not therefore be placed in any of the species groups proposed by Jeannel. Some data about its biology (temporal and spatial distribution) and accompanying arthropod fauna are given.

scholarly journals Influence of environmental variation on spatial distribution and habitat-use in a benthic foraging marine predator

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassie N. Speakman ◽  
Andrew J. Hoskins ◽  
Mark A. Hindell ◽  
Daniel P. Costa ◽  
Jason R. Hartog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Environmental Variation ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Marine Systems ◽  
Marine Predators ◽  
Eastern Australia

The highly dynamic nature of the marine environment can have a substantial influence on the foraging behaviour and spatial distribution of marine predators, particularly in pelagic marine systems. However, knowledge of the susceptibility of benthic marine predators to environmental variability is limited. This study investigated the influence of local-scale environmental conditions and large-scale climate indices on the spatial distribution and habitat use in the benthic foraging Australian fur seal ( Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus ; AUFS). Female AUFS provisioning pups were instrumented with GPS or ARGOS platform terminal transmitter tags during the austral winters of 2001–2019 at Kanowna Island, south-eastern Australia. Individuals were most susceptible to changes in the Southern Oscillation Index that measures the strength of the El Niño Southern Oscillation, with larger foraging ranges, greater distances travelled and more dispersed movement associated with 1-yr lagged La Niña-like conditions. Additionally, the total distance travelled was negatively correlated with the current year sea surface temperature and 1-yr lagged Indian Ocean Dipole, and positively correlated with 1-yr lagged chlorophyll- a concentration. These results suggest that environmental variation may influence the spatial distribution and availability of prey, even within benthic marine systems.

scholarly journals Lacunarity, predictability and predictive instability of the daily pluviometric regime in the Iberian Peninsula

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Martínez ◽  
X. Lana ◽  
A. Burgueño ◽  
C. Serra
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Lyapunov Exponents ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
Dry Spell

Abstract. The complexity of the daily pluviometric regime of the Iberian Peninsula is analysed from the point of view of its lacunarity, predictability and predictive instability. The database consists of daily pluviometric records obtained from 43 rain gauges in Spain and Portugal for the period 1950–1990. Five different series are generated for every rain gauge. The first series is constituted by the consecutive daily amounts. The other four consist of dry spell lengths with respect to daily amount thresholds of 0.1, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mm/day. A dry spell length is defined as the number of consecutive days with rainfall amounts below one of these thresholds. The empirical lacunarity for every rain gauge is well reproduced by two power laws, the exponents varying notably from one gauge to another. The spatial distribution of the lacunarity is characterised by a north to south or southeast gradient, thus suggesting that this parameter can be a useful tool to distinguish between different pluviometric regimes. The predictability of the five series is quantified by means of the rescaled analysis and the interpretation of the Hurst exponent. Its patterns reveal that most part of the Iberian Peninsula shows signs of persistence for the daily rainfall and the dry spell series, although persistence is only clearly manifested in some small domains. The instability of possible predictive algorithms is analysed through the Lyapunov exponents. They are only computed for the series of daily amounts and for dry lengths respect to the threshold level of 0.1 mm/day due to the short number of dry spells for larger threshold levels. The series of daily amounts depict the highest instability along the Mediterranean coast. The series of dry spells show an increasing instability from NE to SW Spain, with a relevant nucleus of high Lyapunov values in the south-western Atlantic coast. As a summary, lacunarity and Hurst and Lyapunov exponents depict a relevant spatial variation, which is in agreement with well known patterns of the pluviometric regime, such as annual amount spatial distribution and return periods of dry spells.

scholarly journals Assessment of spatial distributions of some climate indices in Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan S. Al-Zamili ◽  
Alaa M. Al-Lami
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Distance Weighting ◽  
Aridity Indices ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Inverse Distance ◽  
Semi Arid

Aridity is one of the main factors which distinguish the climate of a region and has significant influence on human activities. This study investigated the spatial distribution of the aridity indices to determine the climate conditions in Iraq over the period (1981-2015), depending on the data of the air temperature and rainfall which obtained from 28 stations distributed through Iraq. The used aridity indices are: Lang, Erinc, Emberger, UNEP, De Martonne and Thornthwaite. The spatial distribution was determined using inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolated method. The results of aridity indices analysis shows that the hyper-arid, arid, and semi-arid categories are predominant with almost (91%) to (100%) of the country’s area. Dry sub-humid, moist sub-humid and humid categories occupies less than (10%) with most of indices at stations of (Arbil, Sulaymaniyah, and Salahaddin). To evaluate the seasonal spatial distributions, De Martonne was utilized. During winter, the climate types ranged from semi-arid to very-humid, while at spring season from arid to humid. Autumn season dominated by arid at (97%) of study area. The summer season was the driest compared with the other seasons. The change point for aridity indices was detected by using the cumulative sum charts (CUSUMs), it is found for the most stations in (1997). Consequently, the spatial distribution for the aridity indices were analyzed through two periods (1981-1997 and 1998-2015), this analysis showed that the arid and hyper-arid areas were increased in the second period compared with the first period with obvious extension toward the north of Iraq. 

scholarly journals Regional Temporal and Spatial Trends in Drought and Flood Disasters in China and Assessment of Economic Losses in Recent Years

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieming Chou ◽  
Tian Xian ◽  
Wenjie Dong ◽  
Yuan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Central China ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Flood Disasters ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Understanding the temporal and spatial distribution in disasters plays an important role in disaster risk management. The present study aims to explore the long-term trends in drought and floods over China and estimate the economic losses they cause. A peak-over-threshold approach is used to identify flood peaks, and the relationship between the disasters and climate indices is investigated using Poisson regression. The major results are as follows: (1) the northeastern part of China was severely affected by drought disasters (average damaged area was 6.44 million hectares); (2) the northern part of East China and Central China upstream of the Yangtze River were severely affected by flood disasters (average damaged area was 3.97 million hectares); (3) in the Yangtze River Basin, there are increasing trends in terms of drought and extreme precipitation, especially upstream of the Yangtze River, accompanied by severe disaster losses; and (4) by combining the trends in drought and extreme precipitation days with the spatial distribution of damaged areas, the study indicates that the increasing trend in droughts has shifted gradually from north to south, and the increasing trend in extreme precipitation gradually has shifted from south to north.

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