Two-band superconductivity in a Mo–Re alloy with an equal concentration of the components

Three new analytical methods were optimized and validated for the estimation of tigecycline (TGN) in its injection formulation. A difference UV spectroscopic, an area under the curve (AUC), and an ultrafast liquid chromatographic (UFLC) method were optimized for this purpose. The difference spectrophotometric method relied on the measurement of amplitude when equal concentration solutions of TGN in HCl are scanned against TGN in NaOH as reference. The measurements were done at 340 nm (maxima) and 410nm (minima). Further, the AUC under both the maxima and minima were measured at 335-345nm and 405-415nm, respectively. The liquid chromatographic method utilized a reversed-phase column (150mm×4.6mm, 5µm) with a mobile phase of methanol: 0.01M KH2PO4 buffer pH 3.5 (using orthophosphoric acid) in the ratio 80:20 %, v/v. The flow rate was 1.0ml/min, and diode array detection was done at 349nm. TGN eluted at 1.656min. All the methods were validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, stability, and robustness. The developed methods produced validation results within the satisfactory limits of ICH guidance. Further, these methods were applied to estimate the amount of TGN present in commercial lyophilized injection formulations, and the results were compared using the One-Way ANOVA test. Overall, the methods are rapid, simple, and reliable for routine quality control of TGN in the bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFICACY, POTENCY AND RECOVERY OF INTRATHECAL 0.5% ROPIVACAINE WITH FENTANYLAND 0.5% LEVOBUPIVACAINE WITH FENTANYL IN LOWER ABDOMINAL SURGERIES IN PATIENTS OF 18-60YEARS OF AGE

10.36106/ijsr/6220134 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 74-76

Author(s):

Payel Mitra ◽

Archana Roy ◽

Aamir Huda

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Motor Block ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Outpatient Setting ◽

P Value ◽

Equal Concentration ◽

Medical College ◽

Institutional Ethics ◽

Care Surgery

INTRODUCTION:The recent trend in health care centres everywhere is to provide cost effective care to the patients. There is an increasing trend towards ambulatory day care surgery and rapid discharge of the patients. The operation of inguinal hernia or incisional hernia and even simple ligation surgeries are done without much complexities nowadays and can be completed in 60-90min without much intra or postoperative complications. Hence these have become an ideal procedure for outpatient setting and thereby reducing length of hospital stay. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE:A comparative study of efcacy, potency and recovery of intrathecal 0.5% ropivacaine with fentanyl and 0.5% levobupivacaine with fentanyl in lower abdominal surgeries in patients of 18-60years of age. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This is a prospective, comparative, observational study was conducted on 60 patients undergoing various lower abdominal surgeries under subarachnoid block (SAB) at Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal. This study was conducted over a period of 24-month. Approval of the Institutional Ethics Committee was taken. Awritten informed consent in the local language was taken from every patient. RESULT AND ANALYSIS: In RF 5 patients (17%) had onset at 3min, 17patients (57%) at 6min, 7 patients (23%) at 9min, 1 patient (3%) at 12min. In LBF 8 patients had onset at 0 min, 22 patients had onset at 3min. p value is less than 0.0001 which is statistically signicant. In RF, 23 patients (77%) had duration of motor block for 150min and 7 patients (23%) had for 180min. In LBF, 26 patients (87%) had duration of motor block for 210 min and 4 patients (13%) had for 180min. The p value is less than 0.0001, which is statistically signicant. SUMMARYAND CONCLUSION: This study was to compare potency, efcacy and recovery between the two groups of drugs. A potency of a drug is a measure of drug activity expressed in terms of the amount required to produce an effect of given intensity. Here both the drugs in comparison was given in equal concentration and found that levobupivacaine produced higher effect, reached Bromage 3 in lesser time than ropivacaine. So levobupivacaine was more potent drug. Efcacy is the ability to get a job done satisfactorily

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Chemistry of the Gasification of Carbonaceous Raw Material

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1045.67 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1045 ◽

pp. 67-78

Author(s):

Pavlo Saik ◽

Roman Dychkovskyi ◽

Vasyl Lozynskyi ◽

Volodymyr Falshtynskyi ◽

Edgar Caseres Cabana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Flow ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Reaction Channel ◽

Raw Material ◽

Gas Generator ◽

Equal Concentration ◽

Gasification Process ◽

Gasification Rate ◽

Gasification Products ◽

Gas Flow Velocity

The paper represents the studies of the process of carbonaceous raw material gasification. The initial material is represented by bituminous coal of grade H with the carbon (C) content of 79.2-85.3 %. Experimental studies have been used to substantiate the parameters of combustible generator gases (СО, Н2, СН4) output depending on the temperature of a reduction zone of the reaction channel and gas flow velocity along its length. It has been identified that the volume of the raw material input to be used for gasification process changes in direct proportion depending on the amount of burnt-out carbon and blow velocity. The gasification is intensified in terms of equal concentration of oxygen and carbon in the reaction channel of an underground gas generator. The gasification rate is stipulated by the intensity of chemical reactions, which depend immediately on the modes of blow mixture supply. Moreover, they depend directly on the intensity of oxygen supply to the coal mass and removal of the gasification products.

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Molecular Role of Nitric Oxide in Secondary Products Production in Ginkgo biloba Cell Suspension Culture

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha4319660 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 12-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hossam Saad EL-BELTAGI ◽

Osama K. AHMED ◽

Adel E. HEGAZY

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Nitric Oxide Donor ◽

Peat Moss ◽

Defense Enzymes ◽

Secondary Products ◽

Equal Concentration ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Antioxidant Defense Enzymes

Effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP; nitric oxide donor) treatment on the enhancement of secondary metabolites production, oxidative stress mediators (O2-.) accumulation and antioxidant defense enzymes of Ginkgo biloba callus culture was investigated. On one hand, the obtained data showed a highly metabolic modification of chemical constituents, PAL activity and various antioxidant defense enzymes (APX, SOD), which gradually increased in response to SNP treatments. On the other hands the high NO levels significantly increased the accumulation of various oxidative burst of O2-.. MS basal medium supplemented with casein hydrolase (500 mg/L), NAA and BA at equal concentration (0.5 mg/L) recorded the highest number of regenerated shoots (4.81 cm) and shoot height (4.96 cm) as well as root number (2.25 cm) and root length (4.5 cm). The highest survival (40 %) was shown in acclimatization on the mixture containing sand, peat moss and vermiculite (1: 1: 1, v/v/v), which significantly confirmed and reflected the variation in survival percentage. Meanwhile, higher treatment (500 μM) of NO positively enhanced secondary products accumulation of total tannins, saponins, phenols and total flavonoids in G. biloba callus culture.

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trans-10, cis-12, but not cis-9,trans-11 CLA isomer, inhibits brown adipocyte thermogenic capacity

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00637.2001 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 282 (6) ◽

pp. R1789-R1797 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Enrique Rodrı́guez ◽

Joan Ribot ◽

Andreu Palou

Keyword(s):

Linoleic Acid ◽

Uncoupling Protein ◽

Brown Adipocyte ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Equal Concentration ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Cla Isomers ◽

Thermogenic Capacity

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is reported to have health benefits, including reduction of body fat. Previous studies have shown that brown adipose tissue (BAT) is particularly sensitive to CLA-supplemented diet feeding. Most of them use mixtures containing several CLA isomers, mainly cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 in equal concentration. Our aim was to characterize the separate effects of both CLA isomers on thermogenic capacity in cultured brown adipocytes. The CLA isomers showed opposite effects. Hence, on the one hand, trans-10, cis-12 inhibited uncoupling protein (UCP) 1 induction by norepinephrine (NE) and produced a decrease in leptin mRNA levels. These effects were associated with a blockage of CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein-α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 mRNA expression. On the other hand, cis-9, trans-11 enhanced the UCP1 elicited by NE, an effect reported earlier for polyunsaturated fatty acids and also observed here for linoleic acid. These findings could explain, at least in part, the effects observed in vivo when feeding a CLA mixture supplemented diet as a result of the combined action of CLA isomers (reduction of adipogenesis and defective BAT thermogenesis that could be through trans-10, cis-12 and enhanced UCP1 thermogenic capacity through cis-9, trans-11).

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Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Lactose Purity: Collaborative Study

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/67.5.899 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 67 (5) ◽

pp. 899-901

Author(s):

Janice R Saucerman ◽

Charles E Winstead ◽

◽

P J Casaletto ◽

N J DeAngelis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Collaborative Study ◽

Internal Standard ◽

Chromatographic Determination ◽

Study Data ◽

Reference Standard ◽

Mobile Phase Flow Rate ◽

Equal Concentration ◽

Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract Results from 8 laboratories are presented for the collaborative study of a proposed method for quantitative liquid chromatographic (LC) determination of lactose purity. Each laboratory was provided with 10 blind duplicate, edible-grade lactose samples plus a lactose reference standard and a fructose internal standard. Testing required the comparison of aqueous 2% lactose sample solution against a reference standard of equal concentration and quantitation by using a fructose internal standard. The LC system specified an isocratic acetonitrilewater (80 + 20) mobile phase, flow rate 2.0 mL/min, and chromatographic separation on a carbohydrate column. Compounds were detected by using refractive index. Statistical analysis for all study data indicates excellent between-laboratory precision with a coefficient of variation (CV) range of 0.53-1.37% and an overall average of 0.977%. Statistical analysis after excluding outliers showed equally good repeatability and reproducibility of less than 1 % and 1.5% CV, respectively. The method has been adopted official first action.

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Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Serotype d-Specific Antigen Contains the O Antigen of Lipopolysaccharide

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.71.9.5005-5011.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 71 (9) ◽

pp. 5005-5011 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Laura Lakio ◽

Susanna Paju ◽

Georg Alfthan ◽

Terttu Tiirola ◽

Sirkka Asikainen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Western Blotting ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Rabbit Antiserum ◽

Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans ◽

Antigenic Structure ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Affinity Column ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Equal Concentration ◽

O Antigen

ABSTRACT Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterium which is associated especially with aggressive forms of periodontitis. Contradictory results on the localization of the A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype-specific antigen have been reported. The aim of the present study was to characterize the A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype d-specific antigen. The antigen was isolated by affinity chromatography. The affinity column was prepared from immunoglobulin G isolated from rabbit antiserum raised against A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype d. The isolated antigen was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blotting, and silver staining, all of which revealed a ladder-like structure typical for the O antigen of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In a displacement enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the isolated antigen displaced in a concentration-dependent manner the binding of the polyclonal rabbit antiserum raised against A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype d to the competing whole-cell serotype d antigen. The isolated antigen contained LPS, and an equal concentration of LPS isolated from A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype d gave a similar displacement curve in the ELISA. In order to test the immunogenic properties of the isolated antigen, it was used to immunize a rabbit. The antiserum raised against the isolated antigen displayed specificity in Western blotting and ELISA similar to that of antibody raised against LPS isolated from A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype d. In conclusion, our results show that the A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype d-specific antigen contains the O-antigenic structure of LPS.

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Swelling and Solvation of Rubber in Different Solvents

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3538971 ◽

1937 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 235-241

Author(s):

Ira Williams

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Relative Viscosity ◽

Close Relation ◽

The State ◽

Equal Concentration ◽

Chemical Attack ◽

Dispersed Particles ◽

Viscosity Characteristic ◽

Degree Of Oxidation ◽

Fractional Increase

Abstract The large variation of the fractional increase in viscosity of rubber sols and its lack of relation to the viscosity of the solvent indicates that the increase in viscosity is not due to rigid filiform molecules. The ability to interchange solvents and obtain a viscosity characteristic of the solvent shows the existence of a reversible equilibrium between solvent and rubber. The close relation between the maximum swelling and the fractional increase in viscosity of rubber in different solvents suggests that rubber sols contain swollen micelles of rubber. The extent of swelling and the viscosity depend on the equilibrium between solvent and rubber which, in turn, depends on the state of oxidation (or other suitable chemical attack) of the rubber. A rubber sol becomes a gel at the concentration which immobilizes essentially all the solvent. The relative viscosity of rubber sols of equal concentration in the same solvent is probably some function of the degree of solvation of the dispersed particles which is influenced by the degree of oxidation of the rubber. Viscosity is not a measure of the molecular weight.

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Probiotics prevent enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 : H7-mediated inhibition of interferon-γ-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT-1

Microbiology ◽

10.1099/mic.0.021931-0 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 155 (2) ◽

pp. 531-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Narveen Jandu ◽

Zoë Jingjing Zeng ◽

Kathene C. Johnson-Henry ◽

Philip M. Sherman

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Surface Layer ◽

Epithelial Cell ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Tyrosine Phosphorylation ◽

Cell Protein ◽

Cell Contact ◽

Equal Concentration ◽

Surface Layer Proteins ◽

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia Coli

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 : H7 inhibits interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-1 in epithelial cells. We determined the effects of probiotics on EHEC-mediated disruption of IFN-γ-stimulated STAT-1 activation in epithelial cell lines. Confluent Intestine 407, HEp-2 and Caco-2 epithelial cells were pre-treated (3 h) with either probiotics or surface-layer proteins derived from Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 prior to infection with EHEC O157 : H7 strain CL56 (m.o.i. 100 : 1, 6 h, 37 °C in 5 % CO2). Subsequently, cells were washed and stimulated with human recombinant IFN-γ (50 ng ml−1, 0.5 h, 37 °C) followed by whole-cell protein extraction and immunoblotting for tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT-1. Relative to uninfected cells, STAT-1-activation was reduced after EHEC O157 : H7 infection. Pre-incubation with the probiotic L. helveticus R0052 followed by EHEC infection abrogated pathogen-mediated disruption of IFN-γ–STAT-1 signalling. As determined using Transwell inserts, probiotic-mediated protection was independent of epithelial cell contact. In contrast, pre-incubation with boiled L. helveticus R0052, an equal concentration of viable Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011, or surface-layer proteins (0.14 mg ml−1) did not restore STAT-1 signalling in EHEC-infected cells. The viable probiotic agent L. helveticus R0052 prevented EHEC O157 : H7-mediated subversion of epithelial cell signal transduction responses.

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Steady-State, Hemoglobin-Facilitated O2 Transport in Human Erythrocytes

The Journal of General Physiology ◽

10.1085/jgp.53.5.576 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 576-589 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Howard Kutchai ◽

Norman C. Staub

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Facilitated Transport ◽

Diffusion Resistance ◽

Red Cell Membrane ◽

Equal Concentration ◽

O2 Transport ◽

Carrier Molecule ◽

O2 Diffusion ◽

Carbon Monoxide Binding ◽

Hb Concentration

We measured the rate of oxygen transport through thin (165 µ) films of packed erythrocytes (Hb concentration = 30 g/100 ml). Under optimal conditions steady-state O2 diffusion was nearly three times that found when the hemoglobin was prevented from acting as a carrier molecule by carbon monoxide binding or high oxygen back pressure. After each experiment we measured hemolysis and found that it averaged less than 1%. Hemolysis could not account for the facilitation, thus proving that facilitated transport of O2 by hemoglobin can occur in red blood cells. The rate of facilitated transport was identical for Hb solutions of equal concentration to the cells. We interpret this to mean that under the conditions of our experiments the red cell membrane offers no detectable diffusion resistance to O2 and that the mobility of Hb in intact red cells is the same as in concentrated Hb solution.

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