Experimental Analysis of Eleven Models of Urban Population Density

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Zielinski
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Population Distributions ◽  
Gamma Distributions ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Negative Exponential ◽  
The City

Seven models of the quadratic gamma type (negative-exponential, normal, inverse-power, quadratic negative-exponential, gamma, normal gamma, and quadratic gamma distributions) and the equilibrium models of Amson are tested by use of data from Bristol, Coventry, Derby, Leicester, Nottingham, Leeds, and Bradford. The first five of these cities are tested at two levels: By use of all radial distances and by use of only those less than four kilometres. The object of these tests was to detect differences in goodness of fit at the city centre and overall. The last two cities were used to test a model proposed to describe intercity population distributions.

The Negative Exponential Density Gradient and the Standard Radius: Mathematical and Empirical Relationships

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1059-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M Manson
Keyword(s):  
Density Gradient ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Exponential Density ◽  
Population Distributions ◽  
Negative Exponential ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This paper demonstrates for urban areas a direct relationship between the summary measures of centrography and the slope parameter of the negative exponential density gradient model. Starting with some basic assumptions about the form of urban population distributions, a mathematical relationship between the methods is derived by applying the centrographic technique to an exponentially distributed urban population. By use of data from a diverse sample of cities that vary in population, region, area, and time of data collection, the relationship is tested empirically. The results of the empirical analysis are compared with the predictions of the derived relationship, and the causes of differences between them are discussed.

scholarly journals An Improved Method of Determining Human Population Distribution Based on Luojia 1-01 Nighttime Light Imagery and Road Network Data—A Case Study of the City of Shenzhen

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhou ◽  
Yuanmao Zheng ◽  
Jinyuan Shao ◽  
Yinglun Lin ◽  
Haowei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Nighttime Light ◽  
The City

Previously published studies on population distribution were based on the provincial level, while the number of urban-level studies is more limited. In addition, the rough spatial resolution of traditional nighttime light (NTL) data has limited their fine application in current small-scale population distribution research. For the purpose of studying the spatial distribution of populations at the urban scale, we proposed a new index (i.e., the road network adjusted human settlement index, RNAHSI) by integrating Luojia 1-01 (LJ 1-01) NTL data, the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and road network density (RND) data based on population density relationships to depict the spatial distribution of urban human settlements. The RNAHSI updated the high-resolution NTL data and combined the RND data on the basis of human settlement index (HSI) data to refine the spatial pattern of urban population distribution. The results indicated that the mean relative error (MRE) between the population estimation data based on the RNAHSI and the demographic data was 34.80%, which was lower than that in the HSI and WorldPop dataset. This index is suitable primarily for the study of urban population distribution, as the RNAHSI can clearly highlight human activities in areas with dense urban road networks and can refine the spatial heterogeneity of impervious areas. In addition, we also drew a population density map of the city of Shenzhen with a 100 m spatial resolution for 2018 based on the RNAHSI, which has great reference significance for urban management and urban resource allocation.

Tracks in the City: Technology, mobility and society in colonial Rangoon and Singapore

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
TILMAN FRASCH
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban Topography ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Residential Quarters ◽  
The City

AbstractAround the turn of the twentieth century, electric tramways made their appearance in the cities of Asia, but despite being a universal technology, and despite the considerable impact they had upon life in these cities, the history of tramways in Asia has hardly ever been studied. Trams, wherever they ran, mobilized the urban population to a degree unseen before—their track network could restructure the urban topography and re-evaluate its segments, as independent villages became suburbs and residential quarters rose or fell in status, and add to the segregation of workplaces and residential areas. The two cities of Singapore and Rangoon, which have been selected because of their comparability, provide two contrasting examples of how trams functioned and eventually failed in an Asian urban environment.

Equilibrium Models of Cities: 2. Single-Species Cities

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Amson
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Density Distributions ◽  
Equilibrium Configurations ◽  
Equilibrium Distributions ◽  
Negative Exponential ◽  
Regular Scheme ◽  
The City ◽  
Equilibrium Growth

This second part of a study of a city as an ‘urban gravitational plasma’ investigates in detail the case where the city consists of only one species of civic matter, and is circularly symmetric. To increase the relevance of the theory to actual urban situations, this civic matter is assumed throughout to be a citizen population, though the theory would apply just as well if other illustrations, such as floor space or traffic flows, etc., were to be chosen instead. The population is assumed to attract itself in a way which tends to increase its density in high density regions and to decrease it in low density regions. This ‘clumping’ effect is offset by another inducement on the population to relocate itself in places where some ‘dissatisfaction potential’ is less. Again, for illustration, it is assumed throughout that the dissatisfaction has the form of a housing rental, that is, the price of the composite bundle of ‘housing’ commodities and utilities. It is shown that the competition between the two civic forces of attraction and dispersal can lead to equilibrium distributions of the population in which the forces are everywhere in balance. The forms of these distributions depend greatly on the extent to which the housing rental is proportional to the local population density. Different degrees of this dependence are shown to give rise to many different forms of the equilibrium configurations available to a city. These are classified according to a regular scheme, and their properties explored and illustrated in detail. The manner in which one equilibrium configuration may grow into another, with or without any change in the total population in the city, leads to the idea of an ‘equilibrium growth’ in a city. Again their different possible types are examined in detail. Finally, certain classes of the equilibrium configurations are shown to resemble closely the familiar negative exponential and gaussian distributions of population density. The resemblance can be so close as to make it extremely likely that many actual cities, that have been shown elsewhere to exhibit population density distributions of those forms, may in fact be exhibiting equilibrium distributions of the kind deduced in this study.

Density effect and optimum density of the urban population in China

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1760-1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjian Su ◽  
Houkai Wei ◽  
Jian Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Density Effect ◽  
The Public ◽  
Optimum Density ◽  
Employment Density ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Passenger Volume ◽  
The City

This article examines the density effect and the optimum density of the urban population using panel data from China’s 284 cities from 2006 to 2010. Considering the endogeneity problem from the employment density in the density effect, we employ the density of the public transport passenger volume instead, and we control the size effect and the structure effect to obtain more reasonable results. Our results indicate that, using the dependent variables of product per labour and wage, the density effect shows an inverted U shape. Further study shows that the optimum urban population density gauged by the total urban population divided by the built-up area is approximately 13,000 people per km2 for the prefecture-level cities in China. The results are robust. Based on the concept and value of the optimum urban population density, China has a huge potential urban land use capacity of approximately 28% of total built-up area. China’s expansion of the city built-up area and the process of population urbanisation should be coordinated by the optimum urban population density.

Mitigating the zonal effect in modeling urban population density functions by Monte Carlo simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1061-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahui Wang ◽  
Cuiling Liu ◽  
Yaping Xu
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Distance Measure ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Negative Exponential Function ◽  
Negative Exponential ◽  
Uniform Area

Most empirical studies indicate that the pattern of declining urban population density with distance from the city center is best captured by a negative exponential function. Such studies usually use aggregated data in census area units that are subject to several criticisms such as modifiable areal unit problem, unfair sampling, and uncertainty in distance measure. In order to mitigate these concerns associated, this paper uses Monte Carlo simulation to generate individual residents that are consistent with known patterns of population distribution. By doing so, we are able to aggregate population back to various uniform area units to examine the scale and zonal effects explicitly. The case study in Chicago area indicates that the best fitting density function remains exponential for data in census tracts or block groups, however, the logarithmic function becomes a better fit when uniform area units such as squares, triangles or hexagons are used. The study also suggests that the scale effect remain to some extent in all area units, and the zonal effect be largely mitigated by uniform area units of regular shape.

scholarly journals Spatial Structure of Modern Moscow

2015 ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
D. V. Goloukhova
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
City Centre ◽  
City Development ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
The Us ◽  
The City

The article is focused on the spatial structure of modern Moscow and features distinguishing it from the cities of Western Europe and the US. The city has hybrid spatial structure combining elements which emerged on different stages of the city development. In the 14th century two tendencies appeared: the prestige of the city centre and opposition of Western districts as more prestigious to Eastern districts as less prestigious. Crucial spatial characteristics emerged in the Soviet era and up to now they define the image of Moscow. Firstly, it's a peculiar density profile. Population density in post-socialist cities tends to increase as we move further from the city centre while in Western European cities population density is the highest in central districts. Secondly, elementary units of Moscow spatial structure are so called micro-districts (neighbourhoods). The concept of a microdistrict was very popular with Soviet urban planners and widely applied in the residential construction. Another peculiarity of Moscow spatial structure is social heterogeneity of districts and absence of ethnic quarters or ghettos. Furthermore, significant part of the city area is occupied by former industrials zones which are not used anymore and need to be reconstructed. With transition to market economy a number of spatial changes emerged. They were partly related to the large-scale privatization, infill construction and lack of effective urban planning policy. In conclusion the article states the need for the new model of spatial organization which would take into account the specifics of Russian reality.

Impact of the urban construction solutions on the safety population

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
R. D. Oktyabrskiy
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Residential Development ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
Safety Population ◽  
Peace And War ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the justification of the need to reduce the population density in the residential development of cities. The analysis of vulnerability of the urban population from threats of emergency situations of peace and war time, and also an assessment of provision of the city by a road network is given. Proposals have been formulated to reduce the vulnerability of the urban population in the long term and to eliminate traffic congestion and congestion — jams.

PROBLEMS OF STRAY ANIMALS IN NOVOSIBIRSK

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Elena E. Rinchinova ◽  
Diyara A. Takumova ◽  
Irina I. Bochkareva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The City

The article discusses main issues of organizing activities for the treatment of stray and street animals in the city of Novosibirsk. The important role of successful solving the problem of stray animals in ensuring environmental comfort and safety of the urban population is noted. Definitions of the concepts “stray animals” and “street animals” are given, the differences between them are emphasized. The main regulatory and legal documents governing the handling of stray and street animals are listed. The ways in which domestic animals get into a stray state are described briefly. The results of the collection and analysis of information on the activities of shelters for stray animals in Novosibirsk are described. The information on the quantitative indicators of the shelters are given. Conclusions on how to solve the problem of stray animals, relying on the latest regulations are drawn.

Restricting Traffic into the City Centre: Has Madrid Central Been Effective to Reduce NO 2 Levels?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Salas ◽  
María José Pérez Villadóniga ◽  
Juan Prieto Rodríguez ◽  
Ana Russo
Keyword(s):  
City Centre ◽  
The City
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