Long-Run Urban Growth with Agglomeration Economies

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1083-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Miyao
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Economy ◽  
Agglomeration Economies ◽  
Urban Growth Model ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Growth Equilibrium ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The City

It is widely recognized that agglomeration economies are a crucially important factor in explaining the existence and growth of urban areas, and therefore should be explicitly taken into consideration in long-run urban growth analysis. Once such economies are introduced, however, the urban economy tends to diverge from a steady state equilibrium and may ‘explode’ without limit. A possible way to solve this dilemma is shown. First, a simple urban growth model with production and factor migration functions in the presence of agglomeration economies is set up. It is proved that the urban economy with agglomeration economies tends to approach a kind of balanced growth path in the long run, although the growth rate itself is accelerating without limit. It is also shown that if the total demand for the output of the city is growing at an exogenously given rate, a sustainable steady growth equilibrium exists and is unique and globally stable. Then, land is introduced to show that the availability of the third factor of production will make it more likely to achieve a steady growth equilibrium in the presence of agglomeration economies. Last, the model is generalized to include many factors of production.

Using Land Cover, Population, and Night Light Data for Assessing Local Temperature Differences in Mainz, Germany

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Lindén ◽  
Jan Esper ◽  
Björn Holmer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Surface Coverage ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
The City

AbstractUrban areas are believed to affect temperature readings, thereby biasing the estimation of twentieth-century warming at regional to global scales. The precise effect of changes in the surroundings of meteorological stations, particularly gradual changes due to urban growth, is difficult to determine. In this paper, data from 10 temperature stations within 15 km of the city of Mainz (Germany) over a period of 842 days are examined to assess the connection between temperature and the properties of the station surroundings, considering (i) built/paved area surface coverage, (ii) population, and (iii) night light intensity. These properties were examined in circles with increasing radii from the stations to identify the most influential source areas. Daily maximum temperatures Tmax, as well as daily average temperatures, are shown to be significantly influenced by elevation and were adjusted before the analysis of anthropogenic surroundings, whereas daily minimum temperatures Tmin were not. Significant correlations (p < 0.1) between temperature and all examined properties of station surroundings up to 1000 m are found, but the effects are diminished at larger distance. Other factors, such as slope and topographic position (e.g., hollows), were important, especially to Tmin. Therefore, properties of station surroundings up to 1000 m from the stations are most suitable for the assessment of potential urban influence on Tmax and Tmin in the temperate zone of central Europe.

scholarly journals Identification of Urban Leprosy Clusters

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Armani Paschoal ◽  
Vania Del’Arco Paschoal ◽  
Susilene Maria Tonelli Nardi ◽  
Patrícia Sammarco Rosa ◽  
Manuela Gallo y Sanches Ismael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Clinical Forms ◽  
Physical Spaces ◽  
The City

Overpopulation of urban areas results from constant migrations that cause disordered urban growth, constituting clusters defined as sets of people or activities concentrated in relatively small physical spaces that often involve precarious conditions.Aim. Using residential grouping, the aim was to identify possible clusters of individuals in São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil, who have or have had leprosy.Methods. A population-based, descriptive, ecological study using the MapInfo and CrimeStat techniques, geoprocessing, and space-time analysis evaluated the location of 425 people treated for leprosy between 1998 and 2010. Clusters were defined as concentrations of at least 8 people with leprosy; a distance of up to 300 meters between residences was adopted. Additionally, the year of starting treatment and the clinical forms of the disease were analyzed.Results. Ninety-eight (23.1%) of 425 geocoded cases were located within one of ten clusters identified in this study, and 129 cases (30.3%) were in the region of a second-order cluster, an area considered of high risk for the disease.Conclusion. This study identified ten clusters of leprosy cases in the city and identified an area of high risk for the appearance of new cases of the disease.

scholarly journals MODELLING URBAN GROWTH FROM MEDIUM RESOLUTION LANDSAT IMAGERIES OF AKURE, NIGERIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Michael Ajide Oyinloye ◽  
Julius Olubumi Fasakin
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Medium Resolution ◽  
The City

The city of Akure has experienced rapid growth in the past 2 to 3 decades which has led to the expansion of the core urban areas of the city into adjoining rural lands. The paper analyses the urban growth of Akure using medium resolution Landsat imageries. Landsat (MSS), Landsat Thematic Mapping(TM) and Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) images for 1972, 1986 and 2002 respectively were used in a post-classification comparison analysis to map the spatial dynamic of land cover changes and identify the urbanization process in Akure. The land cover statistical results revealed a rapid growth in the built-up area of Akure from 997.2 hectares in 1972 to about 3852.70 hectares in 2002 due to increase in population of Akure within this period. Results of the prediction showed that the built-up area of the city has increased in size from 977.2 hectares in 1972 to 5863.66 hectares in 2022 corresponding to 500% at the rate of 13.1% per annum. Implications of growth include loss of open space, pressure on limited infrastructure, overcrowding, traffic congestion and poor standard of living. The study recommends regular monitoring of urban area, development of small towns around the city area to avoid overcrowding, training of planners and administrators to acquire more knowledge in the use of GIS and remote sensing to enhance efficiency.

scholarly journals Protection of Natural Wetlands through Landscape Design in Kigali City

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahman Tafahomi ◽  
Reihaneh Nadi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The City

The city of Kigali has been experiencing rapid growth in recent years. The city enjoys a variety of natural features such as wetland, valley, hill, and great scenery, however, fast expansion of urban areas and human activities could pose a serious threat to the natural environment, and the ecological sustainability. While wetlands, as nature’s kidneys, bring obvious benefits to both ecology and the socioeconomic environment, they have currently faced several problems in Kigali, such as pollution and the risk of decline in the area. This research is aimed at protection of wetland areas through landscape design, which could have a positive influence on maintaining the natural balance of ecology, as well as citizens’ health and well-being. The site study was Kiyovu wetland as one of large wetlands playing a vital role in the city’s character and spatial structure. The research employed observation, questionnaire, and mapping techniques, and the random sample consisted of 37 residents, workers, passers-by, and young people. Findings revealed that safety, environmental issues, accessibility, recreational activities, and quality of the wetland, were significant factors in order of priority that respondents had stressed over the design of the wetland landscape concept. The proposed concept highlighted recreation areas and the connection with other wetlands and green areas as a whole in the city, and it was derived from survey, mapping the results of questionnaires, and feedback from participants. In conclusion, Kiyovu wetland has an enormous capacity to put the idea of green magnet into effect across the city. However, the protection of wetlands without 1. Site-specific ecological landscape plans representing strategic and design levels in periods of time, 2. Legal requirements, and 3. Public awareness about impacts of wetlands degradation would be far less effective. To set up a campaign and a task force to examine changes can make a huge difference to levels of progress and performance

scholarly journals A Review of Simulation Urban Growth Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.11) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feri Nugroho ◽  
Omar Ismael Al-Sanjary ◽  
. .
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Model Identification ◽  
Urban Modeling ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Urban Growth Model ◽  
Urban Growth Modeling ◽  
Growth Planning ◽  
The City

Urban development has become a problem in many cities, especially in developing countries. The availability of areas for development is needed to deal with rapid population growth and urbanization. The purpose of this study was to identify urban growth models. Due to urban growth planning, the city will be more manageable and organized. From the conclusions of urban modeling identification can provide an idea of what model is appropriate for use in urban growth studies. The results of this urban growth model identification could be a reference in urban growth modeling in better urban planning.  

scholarly journals An Analytical Study On Socio-Economic Conditions Of Squatter Settlements In Karachi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aamir Waheed Khawaja ◽  
Nasreen Aslam Shah
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Squatter Settlements ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The City

This research study was conducted on socio-economic conditions of families living in squatter’s settlement of Karachi. The urban population is booming with unprecedented growth due to heavy influx or migration of rural population to the cities especially in Karachi. The rural families are migrating to the city in a way to have better employment; improved lifestyles in urban societies. Migrators usually accommodated in squatters’ settlements of Karachi because of high residing cost in urban areas. The squatters’ settlements are located at outskirt of the city on government owned lands. However the provincial government has set up Sindh Katchi Abadi Authority (SKAA) department for upgrading or regularizing Katchi Abadis which are working under specific rules and regulations. In this study the role of SKAA also highlighted to analyze the working preferences of organization for the rehabilitation or betterment of squatter settlements. The research topic is chosen in order to investigate about the socio-economic issues of families living in squatters settlements. The data is collected from 200 respondents of squatters from squatters’ settlements which are situated in six different districts of Karachi. Data is collected by the self-prepared questionnaire which was prepared in a way to investigate socio-economic issues and problems of squatters’ families living in the settlements. This research found that whole sample of squatters is of migrators. These settlements are considered illegal and have no provision of basic necessities including drinking safe water; inadequate sanitation system; and low standard of housings.

scholarly journals CONDOMÍNIO RESIDENCIAL FAROL DA ILHA EM SÃO LUÍS (MARANHÃO): estudo sobre o valor de uso e troca do solo

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 165-190
Author(s):  
Saulo Ribeiro dos Santos ◽  
Josenilde Cidreira Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Use Value ◽  
The Real ◽  
Exchange Value ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The City ◽  
Real State

O crescimento urbano de São Luís a partir da década de 90 é impulsionado pela verticalização de novos condomínios que foram surgindo na cidade, principalmente na região próxima a praia. Portanto, compreender a dinâmica do valor de uso e troca do solo, mediante a valorização do m² em algumas áreas de São Luís é fundamental para identificar a geração de novos condomínios clubs como o caso do Farol da Ilha. Mediante tal aspecto, objetiva-se identificar a aplicabilidade do valor de uso e do valor de troca do solo, no condomínio Farol da Ilha, em São Luís (Maranhão, Brasil). A metodologia utilizada caracteriza-se como bibliográfica, documental e empírica. Os resultados apontam para uma supervalorização da metragem do bairro da Ponta d’Areia mediante a instalação do Farol da Ilha. Conclui-se que o mercado imboliário é ágil e contribui para a dinamização do espaço urbano em São Luís. Palavras-chave: Condomínio residencial; Valor de uso e troca do solo; São Luís.   CONDOMINIUM RESIDENTIAL FAROL DA ILHA IN SÃO LUÍS (MARANHÃO): study about use value and soil exchange Abstract Urban growth of São Luís from the 90s is driven by verticalization of new condos that were emerging in the city, especially next to the beach area. Therefore, understanding the dynamics of use value and exchange the ground by emphasizing the m² in some areas of São Luís is critical to identify the generation of new clubs condominiums as the case of the Farol da Ilha. By this point, the objective is to identify the applicability of use value and exchange value of land at the Farol da Ilha condominium in São Luís (Maranhão, Brazil). The methodology is characterized as bibliographical, documentary and empirical. The results point to an overvaluation of the footage of the Ponta d'Areia neighborhood by installing Farol da Ilha. It concludes that the real state market is agile and contributes to the revitalization of urban areas in São Luís. Keywords: Residential condominium; Use value and exchange the ground; São Luís.   CONDOMINIO RESIDENCIAL FAROL DA ILHA EN SÃO LUÍS (MARANHÃO): estudio sobre el valor uso e intercambio de suelos Resumen El crecimiento urbano de São Luís a partir de los años 90 es impulsada por la verticalización de los nuevos condominios que estaban surgiendo en la ciudad, especialmente al lado de la zona de playa. Por lo tanto, la comprensión de la dinámica del valor de uso y el intercambio de la tierra, haciendo hincapié en la m² en algunas zonas de São Luís es fundamental para identificar la generación de nuevos condominios clubes como el caso del faro de la isla. En este punto, el objetivo es identificar la aplicabilidad de valor de uso y valor de cambio de la tierra en el condominio Farol da Ilha de São Luís (Maranhão, Brasil). La metodología se caracteriza por ser bibliográfica, documental y empírica. Los resultados apuntan a una sobrevaloración de las imágenes del barrio de Ponta d'Areia instalando Farol da Ilha. Llega a la conclusión de que el mercado imboliário es ágil y contribuye a la revitalización de las zonas urbanas de São Luís. Palabras-clave: Condominio residencial; Utilice el valor y el intercambio de la tierra; São Luís.

scholarly journals An Analytical Study On Socio-Economic Conditions Of Squatter Settlements In Karachi

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Aamir Waheed Khawaja ◽  
Nasreen Aslam Shah
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Squatter Settlements ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The City

This research study was conducted on socio-economic conditions of families living in squatter’s settlement of Karachi. The urban population is booming with unprecedented growth due to heavy influx or migration of rural population to the cities especially in Karachi. The rural families are migrating to the city in a way to have better employment; improved lifestyles in urban societies. Migrators usually accommodated in squatters’ settlements of Karachi because of high residing cost in urban areas. The squatters’ settlements are located at outskirt of the city on government owned lands. However the provincial government has set up Sindh Katchi Abadi Authority (SKAA) department for upgrading or regularizing Katchi Abadis which are working under specific rules and regulations. In this study the role of SKAA also highlighted to analyze the working preferences of organization for the rehabilitation or betterment of squatter settlements. The research topic is chosen in order to investigate about the socio-economic issues of families living in squatters settlements. The data is collected from 200 respondents of squatters from squatters’ settlements which are situated in six different districts of Karachi. Data is collected by the self-prepared questionnaire which was prepared in a way to investigate socio-economic issues and problems of squatters’ families living in the settlements. This research found that whole sample of squatters is of migrators. These settlements are considered illegal and have no provision of basic necessities including drinking safe water; inadequate sanitation system; and low standard of housings.

scholarly journals Dispersed and decentralised settlement system

Dela ◽  
2004 ◽  
pp. 83-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Černe
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Industrial Complexes ◽  
Open Land ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The City ◽  
New Settlements

In the process of reintegration of the urban system new settlements are emerging on the urban rim, transitional zones are reurbanised, derelict areas within the cities are being deve-loped and degraded urban areas of derelict industrial complexes are being renaturalised. In the periphery combined research and production parks are being set up, in the open land-scape integrated business, trade and recreational centres are springing up. Decentralisation and recentralisation of focal points of development accompany the contemporary processes of reurbanisation and suburbanisation – they are simultaneous and move in two-direction i. e. to and from the city. We understand them as manifestation of a dynamic balance among contradiction existing between the centre and the rim. Deindustrialisation and relocation of production and distribution from the centres of gravity to the periphery generate extensive degraded urban areas within cities and between the city and suburbs. The periphery is being urbanised with the creation of new, dispersed and nonhierachical poles of development, and the city and inner city is undergoing reurbanization. The general environmental conditions in the city and in the countryside are being equalised, the potentials of development are being sought in the comparative advantages of local conditions: be it attractive urban dis-tricts, be it suburban entities or countryside areas.

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