Labor Migration to Western Europe: A Commentary on O'Loughlin 1986

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1121-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
B S Waldorf ◽  
A Esparza
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
European Periphery ◽  
Disequilibrium Theory

In this commentary we challenge O'Loughlin's article published in Environment and Planning A, in which he concludes that economic factors only marginally influence migration from the European periphery to Western Europe. First, we consider several methodological inconsistencies that bring O'Loughlin's study into question. Second, a model is developed, derived from disequilibrium theory, that, in contrast to O'Loughlin's findings, demonstrates the importance of economic factors for international migration in Europe in the postwar period.

Urbanization in Baden, Germany: Focus on the Jews, 1825-1925

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Single Region ◽  
Modernization Process ◽  
Urban Places ◽  
Population Pressures

During the last half of the nineteenth century, major population shifts occurred throughout Western Europe, reflecting heavy international migration as well as internal movement from rural to urban places. The latter process, in particular, has been an integral part of the modernization process and was a response both to rural population pressures and to expanding opportunities in the cities. Yet the pace of urbanization was by no means uniform for different countries, in different regions of the same country, or among various subgroups within a single region or province. As a result, analyses using large geographic units or aggregated statistics may mask variations in the underlying dynamics of internal migration.

Bargaining over Remittances in Tajik Extended Families

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-250
Author(s):  
Sabiha Yeasmin Rosy ◽  
Fatemeh Nejati
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Transnational Families ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Extended Families ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract This study investigates the impact of male labor migration upon wives living among their husbands’ extended families in Tajikistan. It studies the risks and choices available to such wives in bargaining for remittances, with a particular focus on the risks that daughters-in-law (kelin in Tajik) undertake when negotiating remittances with their mothers-in-law. This paper explores age and gender-specific norms in Tajik transnational families and their minimal opportunities for kelins to bargain and negotiate the risks associated with making “claims” on remittances by using Deniz Kandiyoti’s “patriarchal bargain” and Bina Agarwal’s household bargain framework, as well as extensive fieldwork conducted in Tajikistan. The study concludes that international migration and remittances have had a complex impact on gender norms in Tajikistan, with emerging new forms of passive negotiation by kelins unlikely to undermine patriarchal gender norms in their favor.

scholarly journals Japan and Labor Migration: Theoretical and Methodological Implications of Negative Cases

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bartram
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
World War ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Migration Research ◽  
Recent Interest ◽  
Negative Case ◽  
Proper Theory

Migration scholars have frequently emphasized the tremendous increase in international migration in recent years. But several advanced industrial countries — Japan in particular — have relatively small numbers of foreign workers. Most of the literature on labor migration relates only to “positive cases,” i.e., countries that have actually experienced significant inflows of foreign workers. This article proposes considering Japan as a “negative case” of labor migration in the post-World War II period. There has been much recent interest in the growing numbers of foreign workers in Japan, but what is most interesting about Japan is the fact that the numbers are relatively small (as a percentage of the labor force) and that they began to increase so late, in comparison to other countries. The main goal of the paper is to advocate consideration of negative cases in migration research; a proper theory of labor migration would distinguish between positive and negative cases.

scholarly journals Geography of international migration in the modern age of globalization

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Sintserov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
World Population ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
International Migrants

The article deals with international migration during the last decades of the 20th and at the beginning of the 21st centuries and its economic-geographical analysis. The paper provides an overview of opinions about the dating of the contemporary era of global migration. It is shown that only after completion of spatial restructuring of migration processes and with the transition to sustainable growth of the share of international migrants in the world population, the modern increase of migration begins. On the basis of the UN statistics the main sources of migrants to the countries of Western Europe have been determined as well as shifts in the geographical structure of migrant population of the region that have taken place in the last quarter of a century. Two migration waves directed to the core of the European region from its southern and then from the eastern periphery are determined. The transformation of the USA population structure caused by the migration inflow from Latin America and Asia is described. The ratio of the main directions of global migration is shown: South-South, South-North, etc. At the same time, it is noted that a rather limited part of international migrations is associated with the asynchrony of demographic processes in the regions of the world. The article also discusses the remittances of migrants from developing countries to their homeland, forming powerful financial flows, which are second only to foreign direct investment. They play an especially important role in the economies of developing countries. The calculations show that the contribution of international migrants to the world economy far exceeds their share in the world population.

The Causes of International Labor Migrations — A Demand-Determined Approach

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Straubhaar
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Immigration Control ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Labor Migrations ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Migration Flows

The empirical results for the causes of the migration flows from Italy, Spain, Greece, Portugal and Turkey to the EC-destination countries show that determinants which are used to explain migration flows inside a given country can be applied to the migration flows within a Common Market, but not to international migration flows. International migration flows are demand-determined by the existence of restrictive immigration control systems. The demand for immigrants in the destination country is the decisive condition for the phenomenon of international labor migration, and the supply of migration-willing workers is only a necessary condition.

Applied linguistics in Europe

AILA Review ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
Kees de Bot
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Languages In Contact ◽  
The North ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Eu

In this contribution developments in Applied Linguistics in Europe are linked to major social changes that have taken place over the last decades. These include: The decline of the USSR and the end of the cold war; The development of the EEC and the EU and fading of borders; The economic growth of Western Europe; Labor migration from the south to the north of Europe; The emergence of regionalism. All of these developments have shaped the role of languages in society and they have sparked research on linguistic aspects related to the languages in contact due to these developments.

Patterns and Trends of International Migration in Western Europe

1992 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Fassmann ◽  
Rainer Munz
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Western Europe

scholarly journals FACTORING AS THE FORM OF TRGOVLY FINANCING: ANALYSIS OF RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
A. A. Bayrachnaya ◽  
M. A. Bayrachnaya
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Trade Turnover

The article analyzes the peculiarities of factoring application in Russia and in foreign countries. In Russia factoring only recently began to develop actively and enjoy popularity among the organizations carrying out the activity in trade. With regard to foreign experience, the use of factoring is growing rapidly in Western Europe, USA and Asia. Also in this paper the dynamics of factoring services in Russia for the period of 2010-2017 is analyzed. Studies show a decrease in factoring services, due to the fall in consumer demand, which forced companies to reduce production volumes, which led to a decrease in trade turnover. On the basis of comparative analysis of Russian and foreign experience the main problems of factoring application in trade in Russian conditions are revealed: imperfection of regulatory framework, instability of Russian economy, unfavorable financial and investment situation in the markets of financial products. Despite the problems and shortcomings of this financial instrument, it has prospects for development, which are associated with the stabilization of external economic factors, the exchange rate and increasing the resource availability of financial institutions.

scholarly journals International Labor Migration and Remittances in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
Renuka Kumari Karki
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Temporary Migration ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Foreign Labor ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Government

International migration and remittance are major areas of population and development. This study identifies the trend and destination of foreign labor migration in Nepal and highlights the flow of remittance status and its contribution to the gross domestic product in Nepal. This study is based on the secondary data collected from the various national and international organizations. Migration from Nepal has expanded tremendously since the mid-1990s, accompanied by a continuous broadening of the variety of destinations. Nepal has observed a rapid increase of absent population over census periods. International migration for work has changed significantly as is evident in the growing outflow of temporary migration of youths, both men and women, to work in newly emerging economies like Malaysia, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. Emigration has come to be recognized as an important factor both for changing ways of life of people and for the positive contribution to the nation’s economy. In terms of remittance inflows as percent of GDP, Nepal is the third largest remittance receiver in the world. Taking all these factors into consideration, the only problem with it is that; until now, the government only seems to have adopted policies to encourage youth to find employment opportunities and provide remittance in turn but not for them to invest in productive sector to create more jobs and to retain working age population within the country.

scholarly journals External Labor Migration from Ukraine: the Impact of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
E. M. LIBANOVA ◽  
O. V. POZNIAK
Keyword(s):  
Labor Migration ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Business Support ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on the tendencies of external labor migration from Ukraine. The relevance of the work is due to the limited analytical research on population migration during the pandemic. Until the beginning of 2020, changes in the formation of external labor migration flows occurred mainly under the infl uence of the internal situation in the country and the transformation of Ukraine’s political relations with certain foreign countries, but under COVID-19, the trends of external labor migration from Ukraine have changed radically for reasons independent of the socio-economic situation in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to assess the changes in the scale of labor migration due to COVID-19 and to determine the prospects for external labor migration of Ukrainians. Relevant analytical developments became the basis for the formation of recommendations for adjusting the migration policy of Ukraine in the pandemic and post-pandemic periods. The novelty of the study is to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the parameters of external labor migration from Ukraine and to assess probable perspective future transformations of migration trends. Abstract-logical and systema tic approaches, the method of expert assessments are used in the study. The analysis of the migration situation in Ukraine in recent years is carried out, the latest changes in the directions and scales of external labor migration are identifi ed. The tendencies of international population movement aft er the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic are analyzed. Prospects for external migration of the population of Ukraine are determined. The future of this process will depend on the pace of economic recovery in Europe and the world at large and the local demand for labor from other countries. It is probable that the employment structure of Ukrainian labor migrants will change by type of activity: migrants who were not employed in agriculture before the pandemic will not resume work so soon, and those who remained in the recipient countries will try to fi nd employment in agriculture and related activities. The geography of working trips will also change, and a new reorientation of some migrants is probable — from Eastern Europe to Western Europe, especially Germany and the United Kingdom, which are far ahead of traditional Ukrainian employment countries (Poland, the Czech Republic and even Italy) in terms of wages. A key element of the policy of keeping some migrants in Ukraine is a radical non-declarative change in the state’s attitude to small and medium-sized businesses. It is necessary to involve representatives of small and medium business to public policy, including policy of withdrawal from quarantine, business support. Eff ective business support programs should also be implemented, in particular following the example of EU countries. For those migrants who, even under the best conditions, are not interested in starting a business in Ukraine, a strategy is needed to ensure that, on the one hand, these people are not lost to Ukraine, and on the other hand, to get the most out of working with the diaspora. This will help both to improve the situation in the economy and to improve the image and strengthen Ukraine’s infl uence in the world.

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