Measuring Neighbourhood Deprivation: A Critique of the Index of Multiple Deprivation

10.1068/c0240 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Deas ◽  
Brian Robson ◽  
Cecilia Wong ◽  
Michael Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Neighbourhood Deprivation ◽  
Multiple Deprivation ◽  
Index Of Multiple Deprivation

scholarly journals 354 Differential Attainment in Surgical Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Vinnicombe ◽  
M Little ◽  
J Super
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Surgical Training ◽  
General Medical Council ◽  
Career Progression ◽  
Medical Council ◽  
Multiple Deprivation ◽  
Surgical Trainees ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Index Of Multiple Deprivation

Abstract Introduction Differential attainment (DA), according to the General Medical Council (GMC), is the gap between attainment levels in different groups. Attainment measures should cover aspects that include academic performance and career progression. Two such areas in surgical training are the MRCS examinations and ARCPs, both of which are required for progression in a career in surgery. Our aim was to investigation whether socio-economic background was a significant factor for progression in surgical training. Method Data from the GMC for Core Surgical Trainees (CSTs) taking the MRCS examination between 2016 and 2019 and CST ARCP outcomes between 2017 and 2019 were obtained. Socio-economic background was assessed using the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD). ARCP and MRCS outcomes were assessed against IMD. Results Trainees from IMD Q1&2 (most deprived) had a significantly higher (p < 0.01) mean number of attempts (1.86) to pass MRCS examinations than trainees from IMD Q4&5 (least deprived) (1.54). IMD Q1&2 were significantly more likely to obtain unsatisfactory outcomes (24.4%) than trainees from IMD Q4&5 (14.2%) (p < 0.05). Conclusions There is clear evidence that differential attainment exists within Core Surgical Training. The reasons for this are likely to be complex and more work is needed to further investigate the relationship.

scholarly journals Do alternative weighting approaches for an Index of Multiple Deprivation change the association with mortality? A sensitivity analysis from Germany

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e028553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Schederecker ◽  
Christoph Kurz ◽  
Jon Fairburn ◽  
Werner Maier
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Multiple Deprivation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Weighting Procedures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Index Of Multiple Deprivation

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the impact of using different weighting procedures for the German Index of Multiple Deprivation (GIMD) investigating their link to mortality rates.Design and settingIn addition to the original (normative) weighting of the GIMD domains, four alternative weighting approaches were applied: equal weighting, linear regression, maximization algorithm and factor analysis. Correlation analyses to quantify the association between the differently weighted GIMD versions and mortality based on district-level official data from Germany in 2010 were applied (n=412 districts).Outcome measuresTotal mortality (all age groups) and premature mortality (<65 years).ResultsAll correlations of the GIMD versions with both total and premature mortality were highly significant (p<0.001). The comparison of these associations using Williams’s t-test for paired correlations showed significant differences, which proved to be small in respect to absolute values of Spearman’s rho (total mortality: between 0.535 and 0.615; premature mortality: between 0.699 and 0.832).ConclusionsThe association between area deprivation and mortality proved to be stable, regardless of different weighting of the GIMD domains. The theory-based weighting of the GIMD should be maintained, due to the stability of the GIMD scores and the relationship to mortality.

scholarly journals Testing the Expert Based Weights Used in the UK’s Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) Against Three Preference-Based Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 1055-1074
Author(s):  
Verity Watson ◽  
Chris Dibben ◽  
Matt Cox ◽  
Iain Atherton ◽  
Matt Sutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Deprivation ◽  
Index Of Multiple Deprivation

Are paediatric stabbings in London related to socioeconomic status?

Trauma ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Lam ◽  
Christopher Aylwin ◽  
Mansoor Khan
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Penetrating Trauma ◽  
Trauma Centre ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Multiple Deprivation ◽  
Deprivation Score ◽  
Major Trauma Centre ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Index Of Multiple Deprivation

Introduction Paediatric stabbings are on the increase across the United Kingdom, especially in large urban centres. Many London trauma centres are reporting a significant annual rise in the cases of penetrating trauma. Studies have shown victims with a lower socioeconomic status have an increased risk of paediatric penetrating trauma. This study aims to determine whether high depravity of an area increases the risk of paediatric stabbings in West London. We hypothesise that more deprived areas are likely to have a higher incidence of paediatric stabbings. Methods A retrospective review of data from the emergency department at a major trauma centre in West London was conducted using patient <18 years with a stabbing injury between March 2015 and July 2017. Gender, age, incident postcode and home postcode were collected. Socioeconomic status was measured using the 2015 English index of multiple deprivation. Incident postcode and home postcode were matched to an index of multiple deprivation decile, with 1 being the most deprived. Data were analysed using SPSS© Statistics 24. Results One hundred seventy-four cases were included; 97.7% of the cases were male and the mean age was 16 years. The location of the stabbings had a median index of multiple deprivation score of 3 (interquartile range = 3) with 61% of the cases occurring in areas with an index of multiple deprivation decile of 3 or less. Index of multiple deprivation decile from incident location and frequency of stabbing were strongly negatively associated (r = −0.85, p = 0.002). The victim’s home location had a median index of multiple deprivation score of 3 (interquartile range = 3) and 59.3% of victims living in areas with an index of multiple deprivation decile of less than 3. Again, they were strongly negatively associated (r = −0.85, p = 0.002). Conclusion The location of paediatric stabbings is associated with areas of high depravity and with victims from a more deprived background. To prevent paediatric stabbings, a multifactorial approach is required to increase the socioeconomic status of these areas.

scholarly journals Associations between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in older adults in New Zealand: the REACH study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Karen D. Mumme ◽  
Cathryn A. Conlon ◽  
Pamela R. von Hurst ◽  
Beatrix Jones ◽  
Jamie V. de Seymour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Deprivation ◽  
Index Of Multiple Deprivation

Abstract Metabolic syndrome is common in older adults and may be modified by the diet. The aim of this study was to examine associations between a posteriori dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in an older New Zealand population. The REACH study (Researching Eating, Activity, and Cognitive Health) included 366 participants (65-74 years, 36% male) living independently in Auckland, New Zealand. Dietary data were collected using a 109-item food frequency questionnaire with demonstrated validity and reproducibility for assessing dietary patterns using principal component analysis. Metabolic syndrome was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Associations between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome, adjusted for age, sex, index of multiple deprivation, physical activity, and energy intake were analysed using logistic regression analysis. Three dietary patterns explained 18% of dietary intake variation – ‘Mediterranean style’ (salad/leafy cruciferous/other vegetables, avocados/olives, alliums, nuts/seeds, shellfish and white/oily fish, berries), ‘prudent’ (dried/fresh/frozen legumes, soy-based foods, whole grains, carrots), and ‘Western’ (processed meat/fish, sauces/condiments, cakes/biscuits/puddings, meat pies/hot chips). No associations were seen between ‘Mediterranean style’ [OR=0.75 (95% CI 0.53, 1.06), P=0.11] or ‘prudent’ [OR=1.17 (95% CI 0.83, 1.59), P=0.35] patterns and metabolic syndrome after co-variate adjustment. The ‘Western’ pattern was positively associated with metabolic syndrome [OR=1.67 (95% CI 1.08, 2.63), P=0.02]. There was also a small association between an index of multiple deprivation [OR=1.04 (95% CI 1.02, 1.06), P<0.001] and metabolic syndrome. This cross-sectional study provides further support for a Western dietary pattern being a risk factor for metabolic syndrome in an older population.

scholarly journals Presence of pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs) is correlated with socioeconomic status

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J Burghel ◽  
Unzela Khan ◽  
Wei-Yu Lin ◽  
William Whittaker ◽  
Siddharth Banka
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
General Population ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Copy Number Variants ◽  
Multiple Deprivation ◽  
Pathogenic Cnvs ◽  
Biological Determinants ◽  
Autosomal Copy ◽  
Index Of Multiple Deprivation

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a major determinant of health. We studied the Index of Multiple Deprivation Rank of 473 families with individuals with pathogenic autosomal copy number variants (CNVs) and known inheritance status. The IMDR distribution of families with pathogenic CNVs was significantly different from the general population. Families with inherited CNVs were significantly more likely to be living in areas of higher deprivation when compared with families that had individuals with de novo CNVs. These results provide unique insights into biological determinants of SES. As CNVs are relatively frequent in the general population, these results have important medical and policy consequences.

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