Behavioural responses of 6-month-old beef calves prevented from suckling: influence of dam's milk yield

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 909 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Hötzel ◽  
R. Ungerfeld ◽  
G. Quintans
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Instantaneous Sampling ◽  
High Yields

The objective of the present experiment was to compare the behavioural response of calves reared by cows of different milk yields to the prevention of suckling with the aid of nose-flaps that allowed the maintenance of social contact with the dam. Twenty Hereford or Hereford × Angus crossbred primiparous cows from a single herd remained with their calves suckling until the beginning of the experiment, in late summer–early autumn. Milk production was determined monthly during the lactation period and the pairs were selected according to the cows’ milk production, for higher or lower milk yield (HMY and LMY, respectively). On Day 0, suckling was prevented by placing a nose-flap anti-suckling device on each calf for 11 days. Calf behaviour was recorded from Day –3 to Day 5, using instantaneous sampling of individual animals in each group, and the calves were weighed monthly since birth, and on Days –8 and 11. Bodyweight profiles for HMY and LMY calves were similar until Day –8; from then on, up to Day 11, HMY calves lost weigh, whereas LMY calves gained weight. Suckling frequency before nose-flaps were fitted was similar for HMY and LMY calves. There was no relationship between the cow’s milk yield and the changes observed in behaviour. Apart from playing, all behaviours were affected by prevention of suckling. The distance between the calves and the dam, and the frequency of grazing and rumination, decreased after nose-flaps were placed, whereas vocalisations, suckling attempts, walking and standing increased. In conclusion, the behavioural responses to prevention of suckling did not differ between the 6-month-old calves reared by cows with high yields and those with low milk yields. The behavioural response of calves that were prevented from suckling but were kept with the dams indicates that the cessation of suckling contributes to the weaning distress of 6-month-old beef calves.

Behavioural changes at weaning in 6-month-old beef calves reared by cows of high or low milk yield

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ungerfeld ◽  
G. Quintans ◽  
D. H. Enríquez ◽  
M. J. Hrötzel
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Developmental Growth ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Instantaneous Sampling ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this experiment was to determine the differences in behavioural changes observed in 6-month-old beef calves at weaning in relation to milk yield availability from their dams. Eighteen Hereford or Hereford × Angus crossbred primiparous cows from a single herd remained with their calves suckling until the beginning of the experiment (194.1 ± 1.9 days after calving). On day 0, calves were moved to a 100-m2 corral far from their mothers, which were taken to a field more than 1000 m away, and returned to the original paddock on day 1. Milk production was determined monthly during the lactation period in 14 of the 18 cows. Calves’ behaviour was recorded using instantaneous sampling of individual animals in each group every 10 min from 0800 to 0950, 1200 to 1350, and 1600 to 1750 hours. Recordings were performed from day –3 to day 5, except on day 0. The calves from the five cows with higher milk yield (HMY) and the calves from the five cows with lower milk yield (LMY) were considered for data analysis. Milk yield was greater in HMY than LMY cows throughout all the lactation. HMY calves tended to suckle more frequently than LMY calves. There were no differences in average daily gain after weaning between HMY and LMY calves. However, HMY calves were heavier at weaning than LMY calves. The frequency of grazing, ruminating, walking and standing differed between HMY and LMY calves, and was affected by weaning. For example, calves from HMY cows spent less time grazing before and after weaning than calves from LMY cows. There were also interactions between group and time on the frequency of these behaviours. Overall, we conclude that the behaviour of 6-month-old beef calves at weaning differed according to their mothers’ milk yield, and their developmental growth stage.

scholarly journals LACTIVE ACTIVITIES OF FIRST-CALF COWS USING ROBOTIC MILKING

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-261
Author(s):  
R.R. Khisamov ◽  
◽  
L.R. Zagidullin ◽  
R.R. Kayumov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
The Third ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Robotic Milking

Studies have been conducted to assess the lactation productivity of Kholmogory breed Tatarstan type first-calf cows with robotic milking systems. The frequency of milking distribution during the day was observed: in the interval of 4-6 hours, the minimum number of milking occurs (6.4 %), in the interval of 12-14 hours, the maximum number (10.7 %). Most milking (34.7 %) is carried out in 6-8 hours after the previous one. More frequent milking (after 4-6 hours) is rarely observed is in 6 % of cases. 48.6 % of milking occurs after the 8-12 hour interval. For an interval of more than 12 hours occurs for 10.7 % of milking. With an increase in the milking interval, the milk yield also increases. At 4-6 hour interval, the milk yield is 5.2 kg, at 6-8 hour is 6.0 kg. An increase in the milking interval by 2 hours is accompanied by an increase in the single milk yield by 0.8-1.3 kg. During the first month, the cows were milked the least number of times, which was 75, or 2.4 times per day; during the second month, they were milked 86 times (2.8 per day). By the 4th month, milkings reached a peak of 93 times (3 per day). By the 5th month, a decline was observed (by 11 % compared to the 4th month). The peak milk production takes place during the second month of lactation, 681.3 kg. By the third month, a decline was observed by 4.8 %, to 648.1 kg. The maximum decrease in milk production, by 12.4 %, occurred between the 5th and 6th month of the tested lactation period.

scholarly journals Milk production in Finnsheep and Romanov breeds

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-607
Author(s):  
W. J. Boylan ◽  
H. Sakul
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Composition Data ◽  
Mating Design ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
A Value ◽  
Diallel Mating Design

The Finn, Romanov and several U.S. sheep breeds were machine milked to obtain information on several measures of milk production and milk composition. Data were obtained over at wo year to four year period utilizing 146 purebred ewe records and 165 crossbred ewe records. The level of milk production for a 130 day lactation period for the breeds evaluated was generally low compared to traditional European dairy breeds. The least-squares overall mean for milk yield was 68.8 liters. The Suffolk (80.5 liters) and the Rambouillet (75.3 liters) were superior. The Targhee, Dorset and Lincoln breeds followed in order for milk yield. The Finn (64.0 liters) and Romanov (39.1 liters) were lowest. Finn sired crossbred ewes had the highest level of milk production (84.4 liters) in a four breed diallel mating design of Finn, Dorset, Lincoln and Rambouillet breeds. A value of 15.4 % was found for heterosis in milk production.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Levels of Protein Supplementation in Rations on Feed Consumption, Milk Yield and Milk Composition in Anatolian Buffaloes of Different Ages [Bubalus Bubalis (Iinnaeus, 1758)].

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taşkın DEĞİRMENCİOĞLU
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Yield Values

Abstract BackgroundIn this study, it was aimed to determine the optimal crude protein level in the ration for milk production and milk composition in milk buffaloes of different ages.Materials, Methods & Results A total of 20 Anatolian buffaloes were used as animal material.Buffalo cows were tested in the early lactation period (lactation period; 65-80 days).Water buffaloes are divided into four groups as young and adult; First, second groups (those who gave birth to the first), third and fourth groups (those who gave birth to the second and more).5 compartments are allocated for each group.In the trial, buffalo cows with two different trial rations R1; (17.82% CP) and R2; (19.18% CP) were fed.Especially during the experiment, the total DM consumption of adult buffaloes in group 4 and group 3 increased when compared with young buffaloes (p <0.05). As a result of the research, the milk yield values determined in milk buffaloes fed with the R2 ration were found to be higher than the values found in milk buffaloes fed with the R1 ration (6.34-5.64kg / day) (p <0.05).However, the effect of R1 and R2 rations on milk production was similar in young buffaloes (4.22-4.36 kg / day) (p> 0.05).

scholarly journals Lactation Characteristic of Etawah Crossed Breed Goats Under Intensive Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuni Suranindyah ◽  
Budi Prasetyo Widyobroto ◽  
Sulvia Dwi Astuti ◽  
Tridjoko Wisnu Murti ◽  
Adiarto Adiarto
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

The study aimed to describe lactation characteristic of Etawah Crossed Breed goats raised under intensive management. The study located in BBPTU HPT Baturraden, Purwokerto, used 27 female pregnant goats, at 24 to 27 months old. The goats were managed followed standard operating procedure of the research institute. The data consisted of body size and body weight, colostrum and milk yield, lactation period and reproductive performance. The results showed the average of daily milk yield, lactation period, total milk and colostrum production in first lactation were 960±340 mL/day, 157±41 days, 114,720±68,900 mL and 415±240 mL/day. The proportion of monthly milk production from initial lactation to dry off were 21.27, 22.17, 20.18, 17.29, 12.52, 9.13, and 5.65% of total lactation yield, respectively. Peak production ranged from first to second months of lactation, the highest was in the week 4th, averaged of 1080 mL/day. Production persistency was 66.39%. The rate of increase toward peak was 5.60%/week and rate of decline from peak was -3.92% of milk yield in the previous week. Trend equation of lactation curve was Y = 8412.7 –233.65 x. Means period of postpartum mating, service per conception and body condition score were 88.7±39.2 days, 1.2 and 3.45, respectively. There was no correlation between postpartum mating, body condition score and milk production. The study concluded that Etawah Crossed Breed goat under intensive management had short lactation period, early peak production, low persistency. The dry period was estimated 3 months and pregnancy occurred after peak production. 

scholarly journals Genomic Loci Affecting Milk Production in German Black Pied Cattle (DSN)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Korkuć ◽  
Danny Arends ◽  
Katharina May ◽  
Sven König ◽  
Gudrun A. Brockmann
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Reproduction Traits

German Black Pied cattle (DSN) is an endangered population of about 2,550 dual-purpose cattle in Germany. Having a milk yield of about 2,500 kg less than the predominant dairy breed Holstein, the preservation of DSN is supported by the German government and the EU. The identification of the genomic loci affecting milk production in DSN can provide a basis for selection decisions for genetic improvement of DSN in order to increase market chances through the improvement of milk yield. A genome-wide association analysis of 30 milk traits was conducted in different lactation periods and numbers. Association using multiple linear regression models in R was performed on 1,490 DSN cattle genotyped with BovineSNP50 SNP-chip. 41 significant and 20 suggestive SNPs affecting milk production traits in DSN were identified, as well as 15 additional SNPs for protein content which are less reliable due to high inflation. The most significant effects on milk yield in DSN were detected on chromosomes 1, 6, and 20. The region on chromosome 6 was located nearby the casein gene cluster and the corresponding haplotype overlapped the CSN3 gene (casein kappa). Associations for fat and protein yield and content were also detected. High correlation between traits of the same lactation period or number led to some SNPs being significant for multiple investigated traits. Half of all identified SNPs have been reported in other studies, previously. 15 SNPs were associated with the same traits in other breeds. The other associated SNPs have been reported previously for traits such as exterior, health, meat and carcass, production, and reproduction traits. No association could be detected between DGAT1 and other known milk genes with milk production traits despite the close relationship between DSN and Holstein. The results of this study confirmed that many SNPs identified in other breeds as associated with milk traits also affect milk traits in dual-purpose DSN cattle and can be used for further genetic analysis to identify genes and causal variants that affect milk production in DSN cattle.

Milk production in Awassi and Hungarian Merino sheep in Iraq

1971 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Karam ◽  
K. H. Juma ◽  
M. Al-Shabibi ◽  
J. Eliya ◽  
H. N. Abu Al-Ma'ali
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Multiple Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Effect Of Age

SUMMARYOn the Abu-Ghraib Experiment Station, milk production was investigated in 31 Awassi ewes of different ages and 12 newly imported Hungarian Merino ewes, two years old, together with the effect of age, lactation period, number of lambs born and reared and stage of lactation on milk production in the Awassi ewes. The relationships between milk production, birth weight and weaning weight of lambs were also investigated.First-lactation milk yield during the suckling period (90 days) based on 12 h milking interval was 114·58 kg in the Merino and 75·29 kg in the Awassi.Age had no significant effect on milk production in Awassi ewes although first-lactation yield was lower than that from subsequent lactations. Ewes that produced and nursed twins gave significantly more milk than ewes that produced and nursed single lambs.Milk yield in Merino and Awassi ewes increased with the decrease of milking interval from 12 to 4 h. The correlation coefficients between milk yield during 12 and 4 h were positive and significant.Correlation coefficients between birth and weaning weights and milk production were positive in both breeds. The correlation coefficient between weaning weight and milk production was 0·78 in the Awassi (P <0·01) and 0·65 in the Merino (P <0·05). The multiple correlation coefficient between weaning weight and birth weight and milk production was 0·67 in the Awassi and 0·43 in the Merino.

Some production traits and phenotypic relationships betweenudder and production traits of Hair goats

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okan Atay ◽  
Özdal Gokdal
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Animal Material ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Production Characteristics

The study was conducted to determine the production characteristics and to find out the phenotypic relationships between udder and milk production traits in Hair goats. A total of 403 Hair Goats under extensive conditions of Çine town of Aydin province of Turkey were constituted the animal material of the study. The live weights of all goats were recorded just before breeding season. Milk was measured in every month according to the basis of morning or evening milking in a day to estimation of milk yields. Live weights of kids were recorded monthly intervals. Measurements for udder characteristics were determined for two times at 30th and at 180th of the lactation period. Average lactation length, lactation milk yield and daily milk yield of goats were 192.4 days, 139.1 kg and 0.7 kg, respectively. The live weights at birth, 30th, 60th, 90th and 120th days of goat kids were 3.1, 8.6, 13.9, 19.1 and 24.5 kg, respectively. Mean values of withers height, body length and live weight of goats were measured as 73.2 cm, 71.3 cm and 54.5 kg, respectively. Udder and teat characteristics of goats were found positively correlated with milk production characteristics both 30th and 180th days of the lactation period. It can be concluded that Hair goats in extensive conditions had a substantial level of milk yield and their kids had sufficient levels of live weight gains. Furthermore, the udder measurements at the beginning of the lactation could be used for identifying the differences among does.

The impact of controlled breeding on milk production in pastoral goats in northern Kenya: an application of polynomial growth curve fitting

2003 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. HARY
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Polynomial Growth ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Northern Kenya ◽  
The Impact

The paper investigates the effect of controlled seasonal breeding on milk production in a herd of Small East African (SEA) goats. Polynomial growth curve models were fitted to both daily and cumulative milk yield data obtained from an experiment conducted over a period of 4 years (1984–88) under simulated pastoral herd management in Isiolo District, northern Kenya. The experimental treatment consisted of six different mating seasons per year, which were replicated three times over the course of the experiment.Milk yields in the first 2 weeks of lactation were negatively affected (<400 g/day) when kidding took place between June and September, whereas maximum initial yields of about 450 to 550 g/day were achieved at the onset and during the long rainy season. Multiple peaks in milk yield curves were observed when a rainy season occurred after about the first half of the lactation period. In terms of total amount of milk produced until 28 weeks of lactation, the production system could benefit from the introduction of a restricted breeding management allowing does to be bred in the period from June to November, with total milk yields being estimated at approximately 60 kg of milk. Maximum milk production until weaning can be expected to be achieved by does mated between October and January (between 46 and 48 kg of milk). The present experiment has revealed that mating just prior to or during the long rainy season leads to low milk yields until weaning and significantly increases the incidence of early kid deaths.It is concluded that evaluating milk production in goat herds exposed to strong seasonal changes in forage supply is perhaps best carried out in terms of cumulative milk yields, instead of average daily yields, which are subject to large fluctuations. Furthermore, under these conditions fitting polynomial growth curves to longitudinal milk yield data using the general linear mixed model appears to be more appropriate than the estimation of non-linear algebraic lactation curves.

MILK PRODUCTION IN CATTALO COWS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON CALF GAINS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. KELLER
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
F Protein ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Daily Gain

Milk yield in 91 lactations from cattalo cows averaging about 14% bison–86% Hereford was estimated by five milkings during 185-day intervals in each of the years 1961–1963 at the Agriculture Canada Experimental Farm, Manyberries, Alberta. Estimated 24-h milk yield was highest in June (6.36 ± 0.17 kg) and lowest near the termination of lactation in October (3.16 ± 0.08 kg). Total estimated milk yield (TMY) from parturition to the end of the 185-day lactation period was 938 ± 22 kg. Age of dam was a major source of variation in TMY and TMY decreased by 10.8 ± 5.3 kg for each percent increase in bison percentage of dam (B % dam). Gain from birth to 185 days of age (TGAIN) of cattalo calves was highly correlated with TMY (r = 0.79) and periodic milk yields throughout the lactation period (r = 0.59–0.76), with TGAIN being greatest in calves from older dams (5–9 yr). Correlations of mean percent fat (%F), protein (%P), and solids-not-fat (%SNF) in the milk from cattalo dams with calf TGAIN were generally low and inconclusive due to small sampling numbers. Although milk yield decreased through the lactation period, %F, %P, and %SNF in the milk increased proportionally. B-% dam did not influence average daily gain between milkings or TGAIN of calves to any appreciable extent. TMY accounted for 75% of the known variation in TGAIN and calves were found to be 0.057 ± 0.005 kg heavier at 185 days of age for each 1-kg increase in TMY.

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