Effects of enzyme products in the diet on growth, dressing-out percent and organ weights of light pigs fed copra-meal-based diets

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Diarra
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Copra Meal ◽  
Dressing Percentage

The effect of different enzyme products on the utilisation of high copra meal (CPM)-based diets by growing pigs was investigated in two experiments (1 and 2). Four diets containing 0, 150, 300 and 450 g CPM/kg were fed in Experiment 1. Feed intake and bodyweight gain were depressed (P < 0.05) above 150 g/kg inclusion but final bodyweight was maintained (P > 0.05) up to 300 g/kg dietary CPM. Dressing percentage improved (P < 0.05) on 150 compared with the control and 450 g/kg diets. In Experiment 2, four diets based on 300 g CPM/kg unsupplemented/supplemented with Allzyme, β-mannanase or their combinations were fed. Feed intake reduced on the control compared with Allzyme supplementation (P < 0.05). Bodyweight gain was improved with Allzyme supplementation. Pigs fed diets supplemented with Allzyme and mannanase converted their feed into weight better (P < 0.05). Growth rates decreased when CPM was included in the diet at levels greater than 150 g/kg, but at 300 g/kg the decrease in growth rate was much less when supplemented with Allzyme or β-mannanase.

Methods of feeding growing pigs to maximise feed intake

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 128-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Lightfoot ◽  
A.W. Armsby ◽  
C.F. Widdows
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Genetically Improved ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

An experiment was carried out to determine which feeding method maximised feed intake of growing pigs and to record growth rates, feed conversion efficiency and backfat measurements. There is an increasing tendency for dry fed pigs to be fed ad libitum or to appetite in order to increase growth rates and throughput of building.Limited information is available on how the modern genetically improved pig will respond to high levels of feeding and whether ad libitum feeding will encourage higher feed intake than feeding to appetite either wet or dry.

RESPONSE OF GROWING-FINISHING PIGS TO DIETARY INCLUSION OF GREEN FOXTAIL (Setaria viridis) SEEDS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063-1066
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Ad Libitum

Increasing the level of wheat screenings (95% green foxtail seeds) from 0 to 25% in diets fed ad libitum over the period from 34 to 89 kg liveweight resulted in an increased daily feed intake (P < 0.05), reduced (P < 0.05) feed efficiency and apparent digestibility, but produced no consistent effects on growth rate or carcass composition. Key words: Growing pigs, green foxtail, Setaria viridis, carcass, digestibility

Effects of number and siting of single-space feeders on performance and feeding behaviour of growing pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. S. Morrow ◽  
N. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Number Of Visits

SUMMARYTwo experiments of randomized block design were carried out at the Agricultural Research Institute of Northern Ireland in 1991/92 involving groups of 20 pigs fed ad libitum from single-space feeders with built-in water supply from 37 kg to slaughter at 91 kg liveweight.Treatments were replicated 16 and 6 times respectively in Experiments 1 and 2. In the first experiment, one feeder perpen was compared with two feeders per pen positioned side by side. Two feeders increased feed intake (P < 0·05) but had no significant effects on growth rate or feed conversion. With two feeders, the total time that feeders were occupied and the number of visits to feeders were both increased, while the number of enforced withdrawals from feeders and the amount of queuing were both decreased compared with the single feeder. In the second experiment, placing two feeders 2 m or more apart instead of side by side had no significant effects on feed intake or growth rate but improved feed conversion efficiency by 4%. This improvement was associated with fewer and longer visits to feeders but no difference in enforced withdrawals or queuing. In both experiments all treatments showed broadly similar patterns of diurnal feeding behaviour with two peaks of activity daily, a smaller peak pre-midday and a larger one in the afternoon. This pattern was influenced more by number of visits to feeders than by the mean duration of each visit. It is recommended that two single-space feeders are used in pens of 20 finishing pigs when non-pelleted diets are offered ad libitum and that feeders are sited some distance apart, not side by side.

Adaptation of growing pigs to changes in environmental temperature

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Morrison ◽  
L. E. Mount
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYPigs fed ad libitum were exposed to changes from 22 to 33°C and from 33 to 20°C. Responses were investigated in two groups of animals kept for three successive periods of four weeks at 22°, 33° and finally 20°C.Twenty-four hr after the first change, from 22 to 33°C, there was a decline in body weight; after the second change, from 33 to 20°C, there was a large increase. After the change to 33°C, feed intake by the second day and growth rate for the first week were about the same as at the end of the four weeks, but about 12 days were required for water intake, rectal temperature and respiratory rate to reach steady values.After the change from 33 to 20°C, steady values for respiratory rate and rectal temperature were reached in one and 12 days respectively. The rate of gain in weight increased to reach a peak nine days following the temperature change and then declined.

A comparison between barley and sorghum when combined with soybean meal or meat and bone meal in rations for growing pigs

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (40) ◽  
pp. 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Beames ◽  
JO Sewell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Large White ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Two experiments are reported. In the first experiment, 48 Large White pigs were individually fed from 22.2 to 86.5 kg bodyweight, with rations containing either sorghum or barley in combination with 16.6, 13.8, 10.7, or 7.4 per cent soybean meal. Type of grain did not affect growth rate or feed efficiency but carcase measurements indicated that the barley-fed pigs were leaner. There were no significant differences in growth rate or feed efficiency between the 16.6 per cent and 13.8 per cent soybean meal rations before 45 kg bodyweight or between the 16.6 per cent, 13.8 per cent, or 10.7 per cent soybean meal rations after 45 kg bodyweight, but all rations containing the three higher levels of soybean meal gave significantly better growth rate and feed efficiency than the rations containing 7.4 per cent soybean meal for both bodyweight ranges. Final results showed no significant differences between the 16.6 per cent and the 13.8 per cent soybean meal rations in growth rate, feed efficiency, or carcase measurements of pigs receiving these rations, but growth data and carcase measurements were poorer with the two lower levels of soybean meal supplementation. In the second experiment, 40 Berkshire pigs were individually fed barley or sorghum grain with 15 per cent soybean meal or 20 per cent of one of three meat and bone meals. Pigs were fed from 25.8 to 74.0 kg bodyweight. The sorghum-based rations gave significantly better growth rates and feed efficiencics than the barley-based rations after 45 kg bodyweight, but carcase appraisal indicated greater lean content in the barley-fed pigs. Growth rates and feed efficiencies obtained with rations containing two of the meat and bone meals were significantly (P<0.05) less than values obtained with the rations containing soybean meal. Pigs fed the third meat and bone meal grew only slightly more slowly than those fed soybean meal. Type of supplement had no effect on carcase measurements.

Tolerance of growing pigs to lupin alkaloids

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
NW Godfrey ◽  
AR Mercy ◽  
Y Emms ◽  
HG Payne
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

In two experiments with a total of 93 young pigs, we measured responses in growth rate and feed intake to dietary lupin alkaloid concentrations which ranged from 0.05 to 0.52 g/kg. In the first experiment increasing the alkaloid levels from 0.12 to 0.52 g/kg in increments of 0.08 g/kg produced a progressive decline in growth rate and feed intake. In the second experiment, pig productivity was unaffected by increasing dietary alkaloids from 0.05 to 0.20 g/kg, but was depressed when the alkaloid level reached 0.35 g/kg. It was concluded that, with ad libitum feeding, growing pigs could tolerate up to 0.20 g/kg of dietary lupin alkaloids.

Effect of soaking the meal ration of growing pigs in water or skim milk

1962 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Barber ◽  
R. Braude ◽  
K. G. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Food Utilisation ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

1. Thirty-two individually-fed pigs were used to determine the effects of soaking their daily meal ration in either water or in liquid skim milk and water for approximately 24 hr. before feeding. The experimental period continued from about 10 weeks of age to bacon weight.2. Neither soaking procedure had any significant effect on the rate of growth, efficiency of food utilisation, dressing percentage, carcass length, backfat thickness or commercial grading results of the pigs.3. The growth rate and efficiency of food utilisation of the pigs given meal plus skim milk were significantly better than for those given the all meal diet. The dressing percentage of the former was also significantly higher than the latter, but there were no significant differences between the two groups in carcass length or backfat thickness.4. Possible reasons for the difference in performance of the all meal and meal plus skim milk-fed pigs are discussed.

Biotransformation of trichothecenes alleviates the negative effects of T-2 toxin in pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pál Rafai ◽  
Zoltán Papp ◽  
László Jakab
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Effect Level

Between 49 and 70 days of age, three groups of growing pigs (n = 10 each) were fed diets containing 0, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg T-2 toxin, respectively, for 21 days. The feed of another two groups of pigs (n = 10 each) contained 0.3 or 0.5 mg/kg T-2 toxin, respectively, plus a feed additive developed for splitting up the molecular structure of Fusarium toxins, in particular trichothecenes, by deepoxidation of the molecule, at 2 kg/tonne concentration. One group (n = 10) served as positive control; their feed was free from T-2 toxin but contained the feed additive at the above concentration. Toxin concentrations at these low dietary levels impaired the feed intake and growth rate of pigs. The feed additive alleviated the negative effects and justified its potential for prevention. Data of the present study indicated a 0.2 mg/kg feed no observed effect level (NOEL) of T-2 toxin in growing pig feeds.

scholarly journals In Pursuit of a Better Broiler: Growth, Efficiency and Mortality of 16 Strains of Broiler Chickens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Torrey ◽  
Mohsen Mohammadigheisar ◽  
Midian Nascimento dos Santos ◽  
Daniel Rothschild ◽  
Lauren Dawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Body Weights

ABSTRACTTo meet the growing consumer demand for chicken meat, the poultry industry has selected broiler chickens for increasing efficiency and breast yield. While this high productivity means affordable and consistent product, it has come at a cost to broiler welfare. There has been increasing advocacy and consumer pressure on primary breeders, producers, processors and retailers to improve the welfare of the billions of chickens processed annually. Several small-scale studies have reported better welfare outcomes for slower growing strains compared to fast growing, conventional strains. However, these studies often housed birds with range access or used strains with vastly different growth rates. Additionally, there may be traits other than growth, such as body conformation, that influence welfare. As the global poultry industries consider the implications of using slower growing strains, there was a need for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary examination of broiler chickens with a wide range of genotypes differing in growth rate and other phenotypic traits. To meet this need, our team designed a study to benchmark data on conventional and slower growing strains of broiler chickens reared in standardized laboratory conditions. Over a two-year period, we studied 7,528 broilers from 16 different genetic strains. In this paper, we compare the growth, efficiency and mortality of broilers to one of two target weights (TW): 2.1 kg (TW1) and 3.2 kg (TW2). We categorized strains by their growth rate to TW2 as conventional (CONV), fastest slow strains (FAST), moderate slow strains (MOD) and slowest slow strains (SLOW). When incubated, hatched, housed, managed and fed the same, the categories of strains differed in body weights, growth rates, feed intake and feed efficiency. At 48 days of age, strains in the CONV category were 835-1264 g heavier than strains in the other categories. By TW2, differences in body weights and feed intake resulted in a 22 to 43-point difference in feed conversion ratios. Categories of strains did not differ in their overall mortality rates.

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