Nutritional parameters of beef heifers fed diets with different roughages

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1869
Author(s):  
K. A. K. de Moraes ◽  
E. H. B. K. de Moraes ◽  
D. S. Pina ◽  
S. C. Valadares Filho
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
Positive Effect

The purpose of this study was to evaluate intake, digestibility and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis of beef heifers fed with sugarcane silage with different calcium oxide (CaO) levels (0, 7.5; 15 g/kg), fresh sugarcane and corn silage. The same concentrate was offered at 5 g/kg bodyweight (BW) for every diet. Five ruminally and abomasally fistulated beef heifers (373.8 ± 33.12 kg BW) were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Heifers fed sugarcane silage diets presented lower dry matter (DM) intake than those fed fresh sugarcane. Corn silage provides greatest DM intake compared with other roughages. CaO levels had a quadratic positive effect (P < 0.05) on DM and total digestible nutrients (TDN). For TDN intake (3.43 + 4.39 CaO – 2.56 CaO2) the maximum TDN intake of 5.31 kg/day was obtained at 8.6 g/kg CaO. The total apparent digestibility for neutral detergent fibre increased with CaO levels. An increase in nitrogen balance was observed with the inclusion of CaO in the sugarcane silage. Corn silages-based diets provide greater DM intake and digestibility and nitrogen balance compared with the diets based on sugarcane. Adding CaO to sugarcane as it is ensiled improves DM intake and TDN than diet sugarcane silage without CaO. However, the use of high levels of CaO (15 g/kg) in sugarcane at ensiling decreases the diet intake. Based on the maximum energy intake, the use of 8.6 g/kg CaO in sugarcane at ensiling is recommended.

scholarly journals 84 Effect of incorporating forage pea (c.v. Pisium sativum L.) into cereal hay on ruminal fermentation and apparent digestibility when fed to beef heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 73-73
Author(s):  
Alex Pursley ◽  
Bill Biligetu ◽  
Tom Warkentin ◽  
Bart Lardner ◽  
Greg B Penner
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Inclusion Rate ◽  
Protein Supply

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effect of inclusion rate of pea hay in barley and oat hay when fed to beef cattle. Six ruminally-cannulated heifers (407 ± 38 kg) were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square with a 2 × 3 factorial design and 25-d periods. Treatments included barley or oat hay blended with pea hay to achieve inclusion rates of 0, 15, or 30% (DM basis). Pea inclusion increased DMI (P = 0.03) by 0.75 kg/d, and generally reduced sorting (P ≤ 0.006) against NDF and ADF compared to the cereal-only treatments. Pea inclusion decreased CP digestibility by 2.87% relative to cereal-only treatments, but did not affect the predicted microbial protein supply or nitrogen retention (P ≥ 0.77). Pea inclusion did not affect total ruminal SCFA concentration, but increased the molar proportions of acetate and butyrate and decreased the molar proportion of propionate (P ≤ 0.01). While cereal type did not affect DMI (P = 0.36) or total SCFA concentration (P = 0.61), use of oat hay improved DM digestibility (67.73 vs. 63.22% for oat and barley, respectively; P &lt; 0.001) and increased nitrogen retention (P = 0.03) when compared to barley. Overall, incorporating pea into cereal hay increased DMI, reduced CP digestibility, and altered ruminal fermentation.

UTILIZATION OF NITROGEN AND AMINO ACIDS IN CANOLA MEAL BY STARTER PIGS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. McINTOSH ◽  
F. X. AHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Initial Weight

The utilization of nitrogen (N) and amino acids (AA) was determined in four canola meal (CM) supplemented diets containing either 7.8, 13.2, 17.0 or 23.8% crude protein. Eight crossbred barrows with average initial weight of 9.0 ± 0.9 kg were allotted to one of four isoenergetic diets in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Endogenous levels of N and AA in feces were determined by the regression analysis method. The apparent digestibility of dry matter and energy decreased linearly (P < 0.05) as the level of CM in the diet increased. True N balance increased (P < 0.05) with increasing CM levels. True N digestibility and true availabilities among all AA were not affected (P > 0.05) by treatment. Key words: Starter pig, canola meal, nitrogen balance, amino acids

Effects of barley and corn as sources of silage and grain on dry matter intake, ruminal fermentation, and total-tract digestibility in growing beef heifers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittney D Sutherland ◽  
Jordan A Johnson ◽  
John McKinnon ◽  
Tim A. McAllister ◽  
Gregory B. Penner
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Microbial N

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of barley (BS) or corn (CS) silage when fed with dry-rolled barley (BG), corn (CG), or an equal blend (BCG) of BG and CG for backgrounding cattle. Ruminally cannulated heifers (n=5) were assigned to an incomplete 6 × 6 Latin square design. Treatments contained either BS or CS in combination with BG, CG, or BCG. Samples were collected to determine DMI, ruminal fermentation, total-tract nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen balance. Interactions between cereal silage and cereal grain sources were detected for the molar proportions of propionate and butyrate where the magnitude of change with the type of cereal grain was increased in heifers fed CS relative to BS. Feeding CS increased estimated microbial N production (silage, P = 0.022) and fecal N excretion (silage, P = 0.042) over BS. Diets containing BG had greater DM, OM, starch, and GE digestibility values compared to CG, but values for BCG were not different (grain, P ≤ 0.043). Based on limited silage x grain interactions, use of CS in backgrounding diets may increase microbial N production relative to BS and dry-rolled CG may reduce apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility relative to dry-rolled BG.

In vivo apparent digestibility in ponies given rolled, micronised or extruded barley

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 133-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
B M L McLean ◽  
J J Hyslop ◽  
A C Longland ◽  
D Cuddeford ◽  
T Hollands
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Physical Processing ◽  
Adaptation Phase

Processed cereals are used routinely in diets for equines but little information is available on how physical processing affects the digestibility of cereals in equines. This study examines the effects of three physical processing methods (rolling, micronisation and extrusion) on the in vivo apparent digestibility of barley fed to ponies.Three mature caecally-fistulated Welsh-cross pony geldings, (LW 284kg ± 3.8kg) were used in a 3 x 4 incomplete latin square changeover design experiment consisting of four 21 day periods. Each period comprised a sixteen day adaptation phase and a five day recording phase when apparent digestibility in vivo was determined. Ponies were offered 4kg dry matter (DM) per day of either 100% hay cubes (HC) or one of three diets consisting of a 50:50 barley:hay cubes mix. The barley in the mixed diets was either rolled barley (RB), micronised barley (MB) or extruded barley (EB). Diets were offered in 2 equal meals per day fed at 09:00 and 17:00 hours respectively.

scholarly journals Coffee hull in the diet of dairy heifers: nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1141-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Lima de Souza ◽  
Rasmo Garcia ◽  
Luciano da Silva Cabral ◽  
Mara Lúcia Albuquerque Pereira ◽  
Rilene Ferreira Diniz Valadares
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design

It was evaluated nitrogen compounds and microbial protein synthesis in heifers fed diets containing coffee hulls (0.0; 8.75; 17.25; and 26.25% of dry matter) replacing ground corn concentrate at the following levels of coffee hulls in the total diet dry matter: 0.0, 3.5, 7.0 or 10.5%. It was used 24 crossbreed heifers (7/8, 15/16 and 31/32 Holstein-Zebu), which were distributed in a random block design made up accordingly to the weight of the animals. Spot samples of urine were colleted aproximatelly four hours after morning feeding and were used to estimate microbial protein synthesis by using urine purine derivatives. It was not observed effect of coffee hull levels in the diet on total nitrogen intake (160 g/day) and nitrogen excretion in the urine (87.4 g/day). The inclusion of coffee hull in the diet linearly increased nitrogen excretion in feces, as well as nitrogen balance. There was linear reduction in urinary excretion of allantoin, in total purine derivative and absorbed purine, which reduced 0.715, 0.873, and 0.954 mmol/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate, respectively. Coffee hull altered microbial protein synthesis, which reduced in 0.687 g/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate. Reduction in microbial protein synthesis can reduce weight gain in heifers fed coffee hulls.

scholarly journals Automatically monitoring of dietary effects on rumination and activity of finishing heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1931
Author(s):  
E. Giaretta ◽  
A. L. Mordenti ◽  
G. Canestrari ◽  
A. Palmonari ◽  
A. Formigoni
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sodium Sulfite ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ash Residue

Rumination and activity behaviours are important welfare indexes in beef-cattle housing. The main objective of the present study was to assess whether the automatic collars are able to reliably assess the rumination and activity patterns of beef heifers. For this purpose, individual rumination time and activity (RT and AT respectively) were continuously recorded using an automatic neck-collar system (Hr-Tag, SCR Engineers Ltd, Israel) on the three trials performed. For Experiment 1, 60 Italian crossbred heifers were randomly assigned to one of two experimental diets for 9 months: the corn–silage diet (CS), which included 50% forage on a dry-matter (DM) basis (43% corn–silage, 7% wheat straw) and the hay diet (HAY), with 57% forage on DM basis (28.5% grass hay, 28.5% alfalfa hay). Heifers consuming HAY diet showed greater (P &lt; 0.05) RT (min/day) and AT (bits/day) than did those on CS diet. Rumination time per kilogram of dry matter and per kilogram of amylase- and sodium sulfite-treated neutral detergent fibre corrected for ash residue (aNDFom) intake were similar in the two experimental groups, while RT per kilogram of physical effective NDF (peNDF) intake was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in the CS group than in the HAY one. Daily rumination and activity patterns (min/2 h and bits/2 h respectively) were significantly different between CS and HAY groups. In the second experiment, 32 beef heifers were randomly allocated in two homogeneous pens, each containing eight animals, and two non-homogeneous ones, in which animals were added at different periods. The AT of non-homogeneous pens was significantly higher than that of the homogeneous ones, suggesting a distress condition for values higher than 309 bits/day AT. In the third experiment, RT and AT of three animals with respiratory disease were collected using the automatic collar system and compared with AT and RT of the healthy animals. Sick animals presented a significantly lower RT and higher AT than did the healthy ones. The cut-off to distinguish sick from healthy heifers was set to 537 bits/day AT and 381 min/day RT. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that automatic collars can reliably monitor different rumination and activity behaviours of beef animals in various management conditions and different health statuses.

scholarly journals Effects of source and concentration of neutral detergent fiber from roughage in beef cattle diets on feed intake, ingestive behavior, and ruminal kinetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo S Goulart ◽  
Ricardo A M Vieira ◽  
Joao L P Daniel ◽  
Rafael C Amaral ◽  
Vanessa P Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Residence Times

Abstract The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of source and concentration of α-amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) from roughage on feed intake, ingestive behavior, and ruminal kinetics in beef cattle receiving high-concentrate diets. Six ruminally cannulated Nellore steers (408 ± 12 kg of body weight) were randomly assigned to a 6 × 6 Latin square design with six diets: 10% aNDF from corn silage (10CS); 20% aNDF from corn silage (20CS); or four diets containing 10% aNDF from corn silage and 10% aNDF from one of the following sources: sugarcane (SC), sugarcane bagasse (SCB), soybean hulls (SH), or low oil cottonseed hulls (LOCH). The parameters of passage and degradation kinetics were estimated based on a two-compartmental model with gamma- and exponential-distributed residence times. The nonlinear models were fitted by nonlinear least squares, and a linear mixed-effects model was fitted to all variables measured from the Latin square design that were related to intake, digestibility, digestion kinetic parameters, and residence times. Mean particle size (MPS) between roughage sources (CS, SCB, and SC) and coproducts (SH and LOCH) was affected (P &lt; 0.05). Dry matter intake (DMI) was not affected (P &gt; 0.05) by 20CS, SC, SH, or LOCH. Steers fed 20CS or LOCH diets had 16% and 20% greater DMI, respectively, (P &lt; 0.05) than steers fed 10CS diet. Steers fed SCB consumed the least dry matter (DM). The SH and LOCH diets had lower MPS values (about 8.77 mm) in comparison to 20CS, SCB, and SC diets (about 13.08 mm) and, consequently, affected (P &lt; 0.05) rumen content, ruminal in situ disappearance, nutrient digestibility, and solid fractional passage rate. Chewing time was affected (P &lt; 0.05) by roughage sources and concentration. Lower values of distance travel inside the rumen (min/cm) were observed (P &lt; 0.05) for the SCB and SC diets in comparison with any other diet. Except for SCB, there was no difference (P &gt; 0.05) in rumen fill, among other treatments. Mean daily ruminal pH was not affected (P &gt; 0.05) by 20CS, SCB, SC, and LOCH diets, and it ranged from 6.1 to 6.23. Total short-chain fatty acids concentration was affected (P &lt; 0.05) by roughage source and concentration. Based on our results, we recommend that under Brazilian finishing diets, replacing roughage sources, except for SCB, based on aNDF concentration of the roughage in high-concentrate diets containing finely ground flint corn does not affect DMI.

scholarly journals Corn silage supplementation for dairy cows grazing annual ryegrass at two pasture allowances

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037-1046
Author(s):  
M.F. Miguel ◽  
R. Delagarde ◽  
H.M.N. Ribeiro-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Strip Grazing

ABSTRACT Corn silage supplementation for dairy cows grazing in temperate annual pastures has rarely been investigated. The aim of this study is to compare two supplementation levels (0 and 4kg dry matter [DM]/day of a 7:1 mixture of corn silage and soybean meal) in dairy cows strip-grazing annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) at two pasture allowances (PA, low= 25 and high = 40kg DM/d at ground level). The study was carried out according to an incomplete 4 × 3 Latin square design, using 12 cows and three experimental periods of 12 days. The green leaves allowances were only 4.9 and 8.5kg DM/d at the low and high PA, respectively. The total DM intake and milk production increased in supplemented cows compared to un-supplemented cows at the low PA, but were similar between supplementation levels at the high PA. The PI was unaffected by the PA, whereas the substitution rate was 0.68 in cows at the low PA and 1.35 in cows at the high PA. Corn silage supplementation may improve the total DM intake and milk production of dairy cows grazing in temperate annual pastures, but only at a low PA.

VOLUNTARY INTAKE OF SHREDDED NEWSPRINT BY DAIRY COWS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. GRIEVE ◽  
J. H. BURTON ◽  
H. E. BRAUN ◽  
R. FRANK
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Shredded newsprint is a potential source of bedding for livestock, but because it may contain certain heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls significant voluntary consumption of newsprint by animals would be undesirable. To determine consumption levels, 18 Holstein cows in mid-lactation (average 19 wk) were used in a double latin square design. Squares represented access to shredded newsprint or chopped hay in the feed manger except during feeding time. Within squares, cows were allotted to each of three complete mixed rations over three 6-wk treatment periods. Rations comprised hay crop silage, corn silage, high moisture grain corn and soybean meal with roughage:concentrate ratios of 30:70 (LR), 50:50 (MR) and 70:30 (HR). Mixed rations were fed according to individual cow requirements for energy depending on body weight, milk yield and milk fat percent. Cows were allowed 4 h after each of two feedings per day to consume their allotted mixed ration. Voluntary consumption of newsprint was only 0.3 kg per cow per day or 2% of total dry matter intake while for those offered hay consumption was 2.6 kg∙cow−1∙day−1 or 15% of total dry matter intake. Intakes of mixed rations were unaffected by roughage:concentrate ratio or newsprint versus hay. However, total dry matter consumption (mixed ration plus newsprint or hay) was higher for cows offered hay (17.3 kg∙cow−1∙day−1) than for those offered newsprint (15.1 kg∙cow−1∙day−1). Levels of heavy metals in milk or blood samples of cows with access to newsprint were within normally accepted ranges. PCBs were at undetectable levels in all cases. Bedding cows with newsprint is unlikely to result in significant consumption or contamination of animals or their products. Key words: Lactating cows, newsprint consumption, heavy metals

Digestion and Nitrogen Metabolism in the Koala, Phascolarctos Cinereus.

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJF Harrop ◽  
R Degabriele
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Digestive Efficiency ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Herbivorous Mammals

The dimensions of different regions of the digestive tract and digestive efficiency were determined in koalas maintained on leaves from the grey gum, Eucalyptus punctata, in summer and winter trials. Intakes of wet and dry matter, and apparent digestibility of dry matter, compared favourably with values reported for various other herbivorous mammals. Seasonal differences were marginal. A low but positive nitrogen balance was generally maintained in both seasons, although the apparent digestibility of nitrogen was lower in winter. This was reflected in the values for dietary and apparent digestible nitrogen intakes required for the maintenance of similar levels of nitrogen equilibrium in summer and winter. Mean nitrogen balances in summer and winter were not significantly different at 0.040 and 0.034 g/kg W*0.75 per day respectively. Daily dietary nitrogen intakes were significantly different, however, at 0.426 and 0.493 g/kg W*0.75 in summer and winter respectively, while the apparent digestible nitrogen intakes were not significantly different at 0.180 and 0.127 g/kg W*0.75 per day respectively. This is discussed in relation to the quality of the food offered. It is concluded that the digestive tract of the koala, presumably aided by the relatively large caecum, is well suited to the fibrous dietary matter on which the animal feeds.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document