Variation in methane production over time and physiological state in sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. H. Oddy ◽  
A. J. Donaldson ◽  
M. Cameron ◽  
J. Bond ◽  
S. Dominik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Pregnancy Status

Livestock produce 10% of the total CO2-equivalent greenhouse gases in Australia, predominantly as methane from rumen fermentation. Genetic selection has the potential to reduce emissions and be adopted in Australian grazing systems. Developing a breeding objective for reduced methane emissions requires information about heritability, genetic relationships, when best to measure the trait and knowledge of the annual production of methane. Among- and within-animal variation in methane production, methane yield and associated traits were investigated, so as to determine the optimal time of measurement and the relationship between that measurement and the total production of methane. The present study measured 96 ewes for methane production, liveweight, feed intake, rumen volume and components, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and composition. Measurements were recorded at three ages and different physiological states, including growing (12 months), dry and pregnant (21 months) and dry (non-pregnant, non-lactating; 28 months of age). The single biggest determinant of methane production was feed intake, but there were additional effects of age, proportion of propionate to (acetate+butyrate) in rumen VFA, total VFA concentration and CO2 flux. Rumen volume and pregnancy status also significantly affected methane production. Methane production, CO2 flux, liveweight, feed intake and rumen volume had high repeatability (>65%), but repeatability of methane yield and VFA traits were low (<20%). There were no interactions between sire and age (or pregnancy status) for methane traits. This suggests that methane could be measured at any time in the production cycle. However, because MY is reduced during pregnancy, it might be best to measure methane traits in dry ewes (neither pregnant nor lactating).

Efficiency of feed utilisation by livestock — Implications and benefits of genetic improvement

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Arthur ◽  
R. M. Herd
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Feed Utilisation

Genetic improvement strategies in the past have concentrated on traits associated with outputs. Traits that directly affect input costs, such as those related to the efficiency of feed utilisation, have only recently started to receive some attention. This paper examines the current state of knowledge, benefits and challenges associated with genetic improvement of feed utilisation by livestock. Current information indicates the existence of genetic variation in feed efficiency and moderate heritability for most feed efficiency traits in all livestock species. However, there is a paucity of information on the genetic relationships among feed efficiency traits and other traits at different phases of the production cycle. The challenge is to develop breeding programs that exploit genetic variation in efficiency of feed utilisation to improve whole production system efficiency. The cost of recording feed intake (used to compute feed efficiency traits) is high, making it uneconomical, in some species, to measure feed intake in all potential seedstock animals. However, where a two-stage selection approach has been adopted, the inclusion of feed efficiency traits in genetic improvement schemes has yielded substantial additional benefits over and above the benefits from existing schemes that do not include feed efficiency traits. Under a two-stage selection strategy all potential seedstock animals are first evaluated for the production traits of interest, after which strategically selected individuals undergo feed efficiency testing. Where physiological or genetic markers for feed efficiency exist, such information is included in the first stage selection decision. There is theoretical evidence that selection for some feed efficiency traits, such as residual feed intake, will have additional benefit of reducing greenhouse emissions by livestock and improving environmental sustainability. The challenge is to generate the necessary empirical data to support this assertion. Key words: Feed efficiency, genetics, physiology, economic benefit, environmental sustainability

scholarly journals Hot topic: Selecting cattle for low residual feed intake did not affect daily methane production but increased methane yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 2708-2713 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.E. Flay ◽  
B. Kuhn-Sherlock ◽  
K.A. Macdonald ◽  
M. Camara ◽  
N. Lopez-Villalobos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Methane Yield

scholarly journals Enhancing methane production from the invasive macroalga Rugulopteryx okamurae through anaerobic co-digestion with olive mill solid waste: process performance and kinetic analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. de la Lama-Calvente ◽  
M. J. Fernández-Rodríguez ◽  
J. Llanos ◽  
J. M. Mancilla-Leytón ◽  
R. Borja
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
First Order ◽  
Olive Mill Solid Waste ◽  
Olive Mill

AbstractThe biomass valorisation of the invasive brown alga Rugulopteryx okamurae (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) is key to curbing the expansion of this invasive macroalga which is generating tonnes of biomass on southern Spain beaches. As a feasible alternative for the biomass management, anaerobic co-digestion is proposed in this study. Although the anaerobic digestion of macroalgae barely produced 177 mL of CH4 g−1 VS, the co-digestion with a C-rich substrate, such as the olive mill solid waste (OMSW, the main waste derived from the two-phase olive oil manufacturing process), improved the anaerobic digestion process. The mixture improved not only the methane yield, but also its biodegradability. The highest biodegradability was found in the mixture 1 R. okamurae—1 OMSW, which improved the biodegradability of the macroalgae by 12.9% and 38.1% for the OMSW. The highest methane yield was observed for the mixture 1 R. okamurae—3 OMSW, improving the methane production of macroalgae alone by 157% and the OMSW methane production by 8.6%. Two mathematical models were used to fit the experimental data of methane production time with the aim of assessing the processes and obtaining the kinetic constants of the anaerobic co-digestion of different combination of R. okamurae and OMSW and both substrates independently. First-order kinetic and the transference function models allowed for appropriately fitting the experimental results of methane production with digestion time. The specific rate constant, k (first-order model) for the mixture 1 R. okamurae- 1.5 OMSW, was 5.1 and 1.3 times higher than that obtained for the mono-digestion of single OMSW and the macroalga, respectively. In the same way, the transference function model revealed that the maximum methane production rate (Rmax) was also found for the mixture 1 R. okamurae—1.5 OMSW (30.4 mL CH4 g−1 VS day−1), which was 1.6 and 2.2 times higher than the corresponding to the mono-digestions of the single OMSW and sole R. okamurae (18.9 and 13.6 mL CH4 g−1 VS day−1), respectively.

scholarly journals Metabolizable energy levels for semi-heavy laying hens at the second production cycle

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-862
Author(s):  
Fernando Guilherme Perazzo Costa ◽  
Janaine Sena da Costa ◽  
Cláudia de Castro Goulart ◽  
Denise Fontana Figueiredo-Lima ◽  
Raul da Cunha Lima Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Feed Conversion

This study was carried out to evaluate the energy levels in the diet to obtain better performance rates and quality of eggs from laying hens in the second production cycle. One hundred and eighty Bovans Goldline laying hens with 62 weeks of age were used during four 28-day periods. A completely randomized experimental design was used with four metabolizable energy levels (2,650, 2,725, 2,800, 2,875 and 2,950 kcal/kg), each with six replicates of six birds. The energy level of diet did not affect the weight of the egg, yolk, albumen and eggshell, the percentages of yolk, albumen and eggshell, yolk color and egg specific gravity. Feed intake, egg production, egg mass and feed conversion per egg mass and per dozen eggs increased significantly with increasing levels of metabolizable energy. Feed intake decreased linearly as the energy level in the diet increased. The metabolizable energy levels showed a quadratic effect on egg production, egg mass and feed conversion per egg mass and per dozen eggs. The metabolizable energy level of 2,830 kcal/kg was the most appropriate to promote better performance and quality of eggs from laying hens in the second production cycle.

scholarly journals Shredding of grass-clover before ensiling: effects on feed intake, digestibility, and methane production in dairy cows

2021 ◽  
pp. 115124
Author(s):  
Nikolaj Peder Hansen ◽  
Troels Kristensen ◽  
Marianne Johansen ◽  
Anne Louise Frydendahl Hellwing ◽  
Peter Waldemar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Methane Production

scholarly journals Interaction Between Nitrate and Sunflower Oil on Feed Intake, Rumen Methane Production and Microbial Population in Goats

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Khotsakdee ◽  
C. Yuangklang ◽  
S. Boonanunta ◽  
S. Paengkoum ◽  
P. Paengkoum
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Microbial Population

scholarly journals An approach for experiment evaluations for multiple harvests crops based on non-linear regression

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-257
Author(s):  
Alessandro Dal’Col Lúcio ◽  
Maria Inês Diel ◽  
Bruno G Sari
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Moment

ABSTRACT Biologically based growth models can be an alternative in identifying the productive response of multiple harvest vegetables. By interpreting the estimates of the parameters of the models, it is possible to estimate the total production, the rate of fruit production, and the moment when the crop reaches its maximum production potential. Besides, by estimating confidence intervals, these responses can be compared between genotypes or between different treatments. Therefore, the purpose of this manuscript is to present a literature review, and a detailed step-by-step, to interpreting the evolution of the production cycle of vegetables with multiple harvests crops based on non-linear regression. All the requirements that must be met in this type of analysis were presented in detail based on non-linear regression, providing the necessary steps for this type of analysis in details. Demonstration is given using data from strawberry cultivation along with the associated R scripts and interpretation of analysis output in material supplemental. This approach can allow for more relevant inferences than standard means analyses through better examination and modeling of the underlying biological processes.

scholarly journals Thermophilic Alkaline Fermentation Followed by Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion for Efficient Hydrogen and Methane Production from Waste-Activated Sludge: Dynamics of Bacterial Pathogens as Revealed by the Combination of Metagenomic and Quantitative PCR Analyses

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Wan ◽  
Yuhang Jing ◽  
Yue Rao ◽  
Shicheng Zhang ◽  
Gang Luo
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Metagenomic Analysis ◽  
Waste Activated Sludge ◽  
Hydrogen Yield

ABSTRACT Thermophilic alkaline fermentation followed by mesophilic anaerobic digestion (TM) for hydrogen and methane production from waste-activated sludge (WAS) was investigated. The TM process was also compared to a process with mesophilic alkaline fermentation followed by a mesophilic anaerobic digestion (MM) and one-stage mesophilic anaerobic digestion (M) process. The results showed that both hydrogen yield (74.5 ml H 2 /g volatile solids [VS]) and methane yield (150.7 ml CH 4 /g VS) in the TM process were higher than those (6.7 ml H 2 /g VS and 127.8 ml CH 4 /g VS, respectively) in the MM process. The lowest methane yield (101.2 ml CH 4 /g VS) was obtained with the M process. Taxonomic results obtained from metagenomic analysis showed that different microbial community compositions were established in the hydrogen reactors of the TM and MM processes, which also significantly changed the microbial community compositions in the following methane reactors compared to that with the M process. The dynamics of bacterial pathogens were also evaluated. For the TM process, the reduced diversity and total abundance of bacterial pathogens in WAS were observed in the hydrogen reactor and were further reduced in the methane reactor, as revealed by metagenomic analysis. The results also showed not all bacterial pathogens were reduced in the reactors. For example, Collinsella aerofaciens was enriched in the hydrogen reactor, which was also confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. The study further showed that qPCR was more sensitive for detecting bacterial pathogens than metagenomic analysis. Although there were some differences in the relative abundances of bacterial pathogens calculated by metagenomic and qPCR approaches, both approaches demonstrated that the TM process was more efficient for the removal of bacterial pathogens than the MM and M processes. IMPORTANCE This study developed an efficient process for bioenergy (H 2 and CH 4 ) production from WAS and elucidates the dynamics of bacterial pathogens in the process, which is important for the utilization and safe application of WAS. The study also made an attempt to combine metagenomic and qPCR analyses to reveal the dynamics of bacterial pathogens in anaerobic processes, which could overcome the limitations of each method and provide new insights regarding bacterial pathogens in environmental samples.

Effects of experimental parameters on methane production and volatile solids removal from tomato and pepper plant wastes

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 4763-4780
Author(s):  
Saraí Camarena-Martínez ◽  
Juan H. Martínez-Martínez ◽  
Adriana Saldaña-Robles ◽  
Hector G. Nuñez-Palenius ◽  
Rogelio Costilla-Salazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Vs Removal ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Solids Removal ◽  
Positive Effect

In Mexico, protected agriculture generates large amounts of tomato and pepper plants residues (TPW and PPW, respectively). Given the limited information on methane production from anaerobic digestion of these wastes, this study aimed to determine the effects of the substrate/inoculum (S/I) ratio, temperature, and total solids content on methane production and volatile solids (VS) removal by two subsequent batch experiments (Experiments A and B). Experiment A was performed to evaluate the substrate/inoculum ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 at room temperature (22 ± 4.5 °C). Based on the best methane yield from experiment A, a new experiment was established (Experiment B) using only tomato wastes, where temperature was kept at 29 °C and 39 °C. The total solids content was analyzed depending on the S/I ratio used. For both substrates, an S/I ratio of 0.5 was the most appropriate for methane production. The temperature had a positive effect on volatile solids removal and methane yield. In contrast, the total solids content (% TS) only had a positive effect on methane production. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the effect of the S/I ratio on methane production from tomato and pepper plant wastes.

scholarly journals Pretreatment of Animal Manure Biomass to Improve Biogas Production: A Review

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meneses-Quelal Orlando ◽  
Velázquez-Martí Borja
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Chemical Pretreatments

The objective of this research is to present a review of the current technologies and pretreatments used in the fermentation of cow, pig and poultry manure. Pretreatment techniques were classified into physical, chemical, physicochemical, and biological groups. Various aspects of these different pretreatment approaches are discussed in this review. The advantages and disadvantages of its applicability are highlighted since the effects of pretreatments are complex and generally depend on the characteristics of the animal manure and the operational parameters. Biological pretreatments were shown to improve methane production from animal manure by 74%, chemical pretreatments by 45%, heat pretreatments by 41% and physical pretreatments by 30%. In general, pretreatments improve anaerobic digestion of the lignocellulosic content of animal manure and, therefore, increase methane yield.

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