Managing plasma P concentrations in beef heifers with a slow release vitamin D supplementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 610
Author(s):  
N. W. Tomkins ◽  
R. Elliott ◽  
J. J. McGrath ◽  
T. Schatz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Rumen Bolus

Context In extensive northern grazing systems, supplementation of P is recommended to maximise cattle growth rates and reproduction. Improving the absorption of P for the animal by influencing metabolic pathways has the potential to improve both the productivity and profitability of extensive livestock enterprises. Aims This study evaluated the efficacy of rumen bolus containing 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), commercially available as Hy-D®, and/or monensin on blood P and Ca concentrations in young cattle. Methods A total of 84 heifers, initial liveweight (mean ± s.e.m.) 184 ± 2.0 kg, were allocated to four groups, dosed with one of four slow release bolus: (1) placebo (control), (2) monensin (120 mg/day), (3) Hy-D® (6 mg/day), or (4) monensin with Hy-D®, and managed on a common unimproved native pasture from August 2012 to February 2013. On four occasions postdosing, liveweight, hip height and body condition scores were recorded, and individual faecal and jugular blood samples were collected. Key results Supplementation with monensin had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on average daily gains for the first 25 days. Interactions between 25OHD and monensin and time × monensin were also significant (P < 0.05). After 188 days, heifers receiving monensin or 25OHD + monensin were 5 and 10 kg heavier respectively, compared with their counterparts in the control and 25OHD groups. Plasma P concentrations at 25 days were 6.6 mg/dL, then increased to between 8.5 and 9.0 mg/dL and maintained this level for up to 109 days with a bolus releasing 6.0 mg/day 25OHD. Conclusions The study demonstrated that sustained and elevated plasma concentrations of both 25OHD and P, compared with control animals, can be achieved. The slow release rumen bolus maintained an elevated plasma concentration of 25OHD, and indicated that a target plasma concentration for 25OHD for increasing P absorption in beef cattle is between 200 and 300 ng/mL. Implications Supplementation of a metabolite of vitamin D influences P metabolism in Brahman heifers under grazing conditions. Integration with standard supplementation practices would optimise growth rates and reproductive performance.

scholarly journals Vitamin D in Elderly

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Kupisz-Urbańska ◽  
Jacek Łukaszkiewicz ◽  
Ewa Marcinowska-Suchowierska
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Hard Evidence ◽  
High Doses

Vitamin D deficiency is common in elderly people, especially in patients with comorbidity and polypharmcy. In this group, low vitamin D plasma concentration is related to osteoporosis, osteomalacia, sarcopenia and myalgia. Vitamin D status in geriatric population is an effect of joint interaction of all vitamin D metabolic pathways, aging processes and multimorbidity. Therefore, all factors interfering with individual metabolic stages may affect 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma concentration. The known factors affecting vitamin D metabolism interfere with cytochrome CYP3A4 activity. The phenomenon of drugs and vitamin D interactions is observed first and foremost in patients with comorbidity. This is a typical example of the situation where a lack of “hard evidence” is not synonymous with the possible lack of adverse effects. Geriatric giants, such as sarcopenia (progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength) or cognitive decline, strongly influence elderly patients. Sarcopenia is one of the musculoskeletal consequences of hypovitaminosis D. These consequences are related to a higher risk of adverse outcomes, such as fracture, physical disability, a poor quality of life and death. This can lead not only to an increased risk of falls and fractures, but is also one of the main causes of frailty syndrome in the aging population. Generally, Vitamin D plasma concentration is significantly lower in participants with osteoporosis and muscle deterioration. In some observational and uncontrolled treatment studies, vitamin D supplementation led to a reduction of proximal myopathy and muscle pain. The most positive results were found in subjects with severe vitamin D deficiency and in patients avoiding high doses of vitamin D. However, the role of vitamin D in muscle pathologies is not clear and research has provided conflicting results. This is most likely due to the heterogeneity of the subjects, vitamin D doses and environmental factors.

scholarly journals Effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e021636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golaleh Asghari ◽  
Hossein Farhadnejad ◽  
Farhad Hosseinpanah ◽  
Nazanin Moslehi ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThe importance of vitamin D for bone health as well as its role in non-skeletal functions has long been documented. However, review investigations on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in children and adolescents are scarce. The aims of the current study were to assess the impact of various doses of vitamin D supplementation on serum 25(OH)D concentrations in children and adolescents, and to identify relevant determinants of variations in the effect of vitamin D supplementation.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases up to 27 September 2017 will systematically be searched for randomised controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation. We considered articles with the following control groups as eligible: placebo control, control group without any supplementation or a comparative arm investigation. Two reviewers will assess articles for eligibility according to prespecified selection criteria, after which data extraction and quality appraisal will be conducted by two independent reviewers. The quality assessment will be assessed using the Jadad scale. Meta-analyses will be conducted where appropriate. We will express continuous measures (ie, serum 25(OH)D concentration) as mean differences with 95% CIs. Heterogeneity of the data will be investigated via visual inspection of the forest plots and using χ2test on N-1 df, with a significance level of α=0.1. We will also assess individual study and subgroup characteristics and perform a sensitivity analysis. Publication bias will be assessed using funnel plot and statistical analysis of Egger’s test.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required because the work will be carried out on published documents. The authors will publish findings from this review through peer-reviewed publication or conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017067179.

Profiling older community-dwellers with hypovitaminosis D: A classification tree analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaelle Chevallereau ◽  
Mathilde Legeay ◽  
Guillaume T. Duval ◽  
Spyridon N. Karras ◽  
Bruno Fantino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Classification Tree ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Gait Disorders ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Chaid Analysis ◽  
Clinical Profiles ◽  
Community Dwellers

Abstract. Despite the high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in older adults, universal vitamin D supplementation is not recommended due to potential risk of intoxication. Our aim here was to determine the clinical profiles of older community-dwellers with hypovitaminosis D. The perspective is to build novel strategies to screen for and supplement those with hypovitaminosis D. A classification tree (CHAID analysis) was performed on multiple datasets standardizedly collected from 1991 older French community-dwelling volunteers ≥ 65 years in 2009–2012. Hypovitaminosis D was defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D ≤ 50 nmol/L. CHAID analysis retained 5 clinical profiles of older community-dwellers with different risks of hypovitaminosis D up to 87.3%, based on various combinations of the following characteristics: polymorbidity, obesity, sadness and gait disorders. For instance, the probability of hypovitaminosis D was 1.42-fold higher [95CI: 1.27–1.59] for those with polymorbidity and gait disorders compared to those with no polymorbidity, no obesity and no sadness. In conclusion, these easily-recordable measures may be used in clinical routine to identify older community-dwellers for whom vitamin D supplementation should be initiated.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and Blood Parameters

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Thomas Müller ◽  
Lutz Lohse ◽  
Andreas Blodau ◽  
Katja Frommholz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
The Impact

Background: Vitamin D has a steroid- and an anabolic-resembling chemical structure. Vitamin D is essential for many processes in the human body after hydroxylation. Aims of the Study: To investigate the impact of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D plasma concentrations on the blood parameters number of erythrocytes, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume. Methods: Serial assessments were done in 290 patients with multiple sclerosis and repeated after a mean interval of 245 days. A recommendation for vitamin D supplementation was given in case of a concentration lower than 20 ng/mL combined with a prescription of a formulation containing vitamin D but not vitamin K. Results: There was a fall of vitamin D in 119 subjects and a rise in 164, while no change appeared in 7 participants. When vitamin D values went down between both assessments moments, the computed increase of mean corpuscular haemoglobin was significantly lower compared with the rise of mean corpuscular haemoglobin associated with a vitamin D elevation. When vitamin D declined, the computed fall of mean corpuscular volume fall was significantly lower compared with the decrease of mean corpuscular volume, when vitamin D rose. Positive correlations were found between differences of vitamin D and mean corpuscular haemoglobin, respectively mean corpuscular volume. Inverse relations appeared between disparities of vitamin D and erythrocytes, respectively haematocrit. Conclusions: The elevation of vitamin D plasma levels provides enhanced preconditions for a better tissue oxygenation on a cellular level.

Vitamin D Level Stability in Dystrophinopathy Patients on Vitamin D Supplementation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Naomi Vather-Wu ◽  
Matthew D. Krasowski ◽  
Katherine D. Mathews ◽  
Amal Shibli-Rahhal
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Frequent Monitoring ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stable Maintenance ◽  
Mean Time

Background: Expert guidelines recommend annual monitoring of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and maintaining 25-OHD ≥30 ng/ml in patients with dystrophinopathies. Objective: We hypothesized that 25-OHD remains stable and requires less frequent monitoring in patients taking stable maintenance doses of vitamin D. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study, using the electronic health record to identify 26 patients with dystrophinopathies with a baseline 25-OHD ≥30 ng/mL and at least one additional 25-OHD measurement. These patients had received a stable dose of vitamin D for ≥3 months prior to their baseline 25-OHD measurement and throughout follow-up. The main outcome measured was the mean duration time the subjects spent with a 25-OHD ≥30 ng/mL. Results: Only 19% of patients dropped their 25-OHD to <  30 ng/ml, with a mean time to drop of 33 months and a median nadir 25-OHD of 28 ng/mL. Conclusions: These results suggest that measurement of 25-OHD every 2–2.5 years may be sufficient in patients with a baseline 25-OHD ≥30 ng/mL and who are on a stable maintenance dose of vitamin D. Other patients may require more frequent assessments.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Polish Medical Doctors

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2443
Author(s):  
Wojciech Stefan Zgliczyński ◽  
Olga Maria Rostkowska ◽  
Beata Sarecka-Hujar
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Study Results ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Background Vitamin D deficiency occurs in as much as 90–95% of the Polish population, although this condition is known to cause negative long-term health implications. The role of medical doctors in advising proper supplementation, monitoring and correcting the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in individuals is of great importance and should be used to help mitigate its common deficits. The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices of Polish physicians regarding vitamin D supplementation in order to identify areas for improvement and determinants for the knowledge gaps. Methods The study group comprised 701 medical doctors aged 32.1 ± 5.3 years on average, mostly women (71.61%). An original survey questionnaire was developed for the purpose of the study. Results The mean vitamin D knowledge score was 6.8 ± 2.3 (in a scale 0–13) and was related to gender (p < 0.001), type of specialization (p = 0.032), D3 supplements use (p < 0.001), recommending supplementation to patients (p = 0.005), to relatives and friends (p < 0.001) and to healthy adults (p < 0.001). In terms of self-administration, 14% of respondents take vitamin D all-year-round while 24% only in autumn and winter. 25% of respondents monitor their vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) serum concentration. Most participants (61%) did not recommend supplementing vitamin D to their patients on a regular basis. Conclusions The study indicates that medical doctors in Poland need to have more training and education on vitamin D supplementation in order to better address the problem of its deficits in the population.

scholarly journals Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Surrogate Markers of Fertility in PCOS Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Lerchbaum ◽  
Verena Theiler-Schwetz ◽  
Martina Kollmann ◽  
Monika Wölfler ◽  
Stefan Pilz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Vitamin D (VD) might play an important role in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and female fertility. However, evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCT) is sparse. We examined VD effects on anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and other endocrine markers in PCOS and non-PCOS women. This is a post hoc analysis of a single-center, double-blind RCT conducted between December 2011 and October 2017 at the endocrine outpatient clinic at the Medical University of Graz, Austria. We included 180 PCOS women and 150 non-PCOS women with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations <75 nmol/L in the trial. We randomized subjects to receive 20,000 IU of VD3/week (119 PCOS, 99 non-PCOS women) or placebo (61 PCOS, 51 non-PCOS women) for 24 weeks. Outcome measures were AMH, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and androstenedione. In PCOS women, we observed a significant treatment effect on FSH (mean treatment effect 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.087 to 1.799, p = 0.031) and LH/FSH ratio (mean treatment effect −0.335, 95% CI −0.621 to 0.050, p = 0.022), whereas no significant effect was observed in non-PCOS women. In PCOS women, VD treatment for 24 weeks had a significant effect on FSH and LH/FSH ratio but no effect on AMH levels.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Status and Severe COVID-19 Disease Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110412
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Pecina ◽  
Stephen P. Merry ◽  
John G. Park ◽  
Tom D. Thacher
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Assisted Ventilation ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
D Values ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of severe COVID-19 disease. Objectives: To determine if 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 were associated with the clinical outcomes of days on oxygen, duration of hospitalization, ICU admission, need for assisted ventilation, or mortality. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 92 patients admitted to the hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection between April 16, 2020 and October 17, 2020. Multivariable regression was performed to assess the independent relationship of 25(OH)D values on outcomes, adjusting for significant covariates and the hospitalization day the level was tested. Results: About 15 patients (16.3%) had 25(OH)D levels <20 ng/mL. Only 1 patient (3.4%) who had documented vitamin D supplementation prior to admission had 25(OH)D <20 ng/mL. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were not significantly associated with any of our primary outcomes of days on oxygen, duration of hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, need for mechanical ventilation, or mortality in any of the adjusted multivariable models. Adjusting for the hospital day of 25(OH)D sampling did not alter the relationship of 25(OH)D with any outcomes. Conclusion: Vitamin D status was not related to any of the primary outcomes reflecting severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. However, our sample size may have lacked sufficient power to demonstrate a small effect of vitamin D status on these outcomes.

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