Studies of competition between Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. ex Arechav. (serrated tussock) and native pastures. 1. Adult plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Badgery ◽  
D. R. Kemp ◽  
D. L. Michalk ◽  
W. McG. King
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Native Pastures ◽  
Grass Weed ◽  
Considerable Damage

Nassella trichotoma (serrated tussock) is a hardy perennial grass weed that rapidly invades disturbed areas. Pasture competition is an important component of an integrated weed-management system for native pastures. This paper reports on a field experiment to ascertain the level of competition from native grasses for adult N. trichotoma plants. Native grasses prevented N. trichotoma plants from increasing in biomass and basal area when rotationally grazed or when grazing was removed and fertiliser was withheld. Smaller N. trichotoma plants (<500 mm2) were more likely to vary in size with very little change in larger plants. Flupropanate efficiently killed all N. trichotoma plants but caused considerable damage to perennial native species, resulting in an uncompetitive pasture dominated by broadleaf weeds.

The Coaxium® Wheat Production System: A New Herbicide-Resistant System for Annual Grass Weed Control and Integrated Weed Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Raven A. Bough ◽  
Phillip Westra ◽  
Todd A. Gaines ◽  
Eric P. Westra ◽  
Scott Haley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Production System ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
State University ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Colorado State University ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
System A ◽  
Grass Weed ◽  
Global Food

The authors discuss the importance of wheat as a global food source and describe a novel multi-institutional, public-private partnership between Colorado State University, the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation, and private chemical and seed companies that resulted in the development of a new herbicide-resistant wheat production system.

Developing minimal-input techniques for invasive plant management: perimeter treatments enlarge native grass patches

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
Scott R. Abella ◽  
Lindsay P. Chiquoine ◽  
Jeremy M. Moss ◽  
Eric D. Lassance ◽  
Charles D. Schelz
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Invasive Plant Management ◽  
Wide Ring

AbstractThere is a continual need for invasive plant science to develop approaches for cost-effectively benefiting native over nonnative species in dynamic management and biophysical contexts, including within predominantly nonnative plant landscapes containing only small patches of native plants. Our objective was to test the effectiveness of a minimal-input strategy for enlarging native species patches within a nonnative plant matrix. In Pecos National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA, we identified 40 native perennial grass patches within a matrix of the nonnative annual forb kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott]. We mechanically cut B. scoparia in a 2-m-wide ring surrounding the perimeters of half the native grass patches (with the other half as uncut controls) and measured change in native grass patch size (relative to pretreatment) for 3 yr. Native grass patches around which B. scoparia was cut grew quickly the first posttreatment year and by the third year had increased in size four times more than control patches. Treated native grass patches expanded by an average of 25 m2, from 4 m2 in October 2015 before treatment to 29 m2 in October 2018. The experiment occurred during a dry period, conditions that should favor B. scoparia and contraction of the native grasses, suggesting that the observed increase in native grasses occurred despite suboptimal climatic conditions. Strategically treating around native patches to enlarge them over time showed promise as a minimal-input technique for increasing the proportion of the landscape dominated by native plants.

Evaluation of terbacil-based herbicide treatments for hair fescue management in lowbush blueberry

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Scott N. White ◽  
Linshan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Grass Weed

Hair fescue is common tuft-forming perennial grass weed that reduces yields and hinders mechanical harvest in lowbush blueberry fields. PRE terbacil applications traditionally controlled hair fescue, but currently only provide suppression in most fields. Terbacil use has not, however, been evaluated in conjunction with other currently registered herbicides in lowbush blueberry. The objective of this research was to evaluate a range of terbacil-based herbicide treatments for hair fescue management in lowbush blueberry. The experiment was conducted at three lowbush blueberry fields in Nova Scotia, Canada. Spring non-bearing year terbacil applications (2000 g ai ha-1) exhibited variable efficacy on hair fescue with reduced total tuft density at one site and reduced flowering tuft density and flowering tuft inflorescence number at two sites. Suppression was limited to the year of application only. Terbacil followed by (fb) foramsulfuron (35 g ai ha-1) did not improve suppression. A terbacil tank mixture with glufosinate (750 ai ha-1), however, reduced flowering tuft density and flowering tuft inflorescence number at each site and reduced total tuft density at one site, suggesting improved suppression with terbacil+glufosinate relative to terbacil alone. Terbacil+glufosinate fb foramsulfuron gave additional reductions in total tuft density at two sites and reduced bearing year flowering tuft density at two sites, indicating that hair fescue suppression with this herbicide combination extends into the bearing year. Although less effective than the industry standard pronamide applications, terbacil+glufosinate or terbacil+glufosinate fb foramsulfuron could be used as part of a weed management program for hair fescue in lowbush blueberry.

scholarly journals The amazonian capim-açú is less nitrogen dependente than antelope grass to produce leaf dry matter

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Ivo G. R. de Araújo ◽  
Jairo O. Cazetta ◽  
Rosane C. Rodrigues ◽  
Sâmara S. C. Sanchês ◽  
Clésio dos S. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Native Pastures

ABSTRACT The Maranhão floodplain is dominated by native grasses like capim-açú (Paspalum plicatulum, Mich.). Due to scarce information on nutrient demands of native species, farmers are replacing native pastures by exotic and potentially invasive species such as antelope grass (Echinochloa pyramidalis, Lam). The aim of this study was to compare the growth of capim-açú and antelope grass, under varying N and K doses, to better understand the potential of capim-açú to be used as forage. The experiment was carried out in pots, consisting of a 2 × 5 × 2 factorial scheme (2 species × 5 N doses × 2 K doses) with four repetitions, in a completely randomized design. The N doses of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg dm-3 were combined with 10 and 30 mg dm-3 K2O. The capim-açú produces higher leaf to stem ratio aboveground by using lower nitrogen and potassium doses than antelope grass. Leaf, stalk, and total dry matter production of both studied species do not respond to potassium doses.

Studies of competition between Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. ex Arechav. (serrated tussock) and native pastures. 2. Seedling responses

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Badgery ◽  
D. R. Kemp ◽  
D. L. Michalk ◽  
W. McG. King
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Native Pastures ◽  
Grass Weed ◽  
Native Perennial Grass

Native perennial grass competition can substantially reduce the invasion of Nassella trichotoma (serrated tussock), a major perennial grass weed problem in south-eastern Australia. This paper reports on a field experiment that investigated the recruitment of N. trichotoma seedlings, and determined what level of native grass competition was needed to prevent establishment in the central-west of NSW. Grasslands that maintained >2 t dry matter (DM)/ha and 100% ground cover (measured in spring) prevented N. trichotoma seedling recruitment. Relatively small amounts of perennial grass (>0.5 t DM/ha measured in spring) resulted in mortality of N. trichotoma seedlings that had recruited earlier in the year, through the next summer. Flupropanate also markedly reduced native perennial grasses and substantially increased N. trichotoma seedling establishment 12 months after application. Rotational grazing to maintain adequate levels of DM was an important management tactic that prevented N. trichotoma establishment and survival.

scholarly journals Dichanthium aristatum (angelton bluestem).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Vélez-Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Coastal Prairie ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract Dichanthium aristatum is a perennial grass native to Asia and parts of India and naturalized in the tropics and subtropics worldwide through its use as a forage/fodder species. It is reported as invasive in USA (Texas and Hawaii) and French Polynesia due to its prolific seed production, a high density of reproductive shoots and its fast growth. D. aristatum is also reported as invasive in heavily grazed grasslands. In Texas it invades and outcompetes native grasses in coastal prairie communities. D. aristatum has been categorized as an F1 (Fundamental Invasiveness Index 1) species: invasive in disturbed and natural habitats; affecting native species and the biodiversity by altering the native vegetation and habitats by outcompeting the native species; or causing economic damage. Although D. aristatum is considered potentially invasive in Cuba, it has been reported that despite naturalization of the species, it is not frequent, and is neither aggressive nor expanding in the country.

scholarly journals Seedbank persistence of four summer grass weed species in the northeast cropping region of Australia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262288
Author(s):  
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan ◽  
Sudheesh Manalil
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Seed Persistence ◽  
No Till ◽  
Buried Seeds ◽  
Grass Weed

Summer grass weed species are a particular problem in the northeast cropping region of Australia because they are prolific seeders and favor no-till systems. Information on weed seed persistence levels can be used for the development of effective and sustainable integrated weed management programs. A field study was conducted over 42 months to evaluate the seedbank persistence of Chloris truncata, C. virgata, Dactyloctenium radulans, and Urochloa panicoides as affected by burial depth (0, 2, and 10 cm). Regardless of species, buried seeds persisted longer than surface seeds and there was no difference in seed persistence between 2 and 10 cm depths. Surface seeds of C. truncata depleted completely in 12 months and buried seeds in 24 months. Similarly, C. virgata seeds placed on the soil surface depleted in 12 months. Buried seeds of this species took 18 months to completely deplete, suggesting that C. truncata seeds persist longer than C. virgata seeds. Surface seeds of D. radulans took 36 months to completely deplete, whereas about 7% of buried seeds were still viable at 42 months. U. panicoides took 24 and 42 months to completely exhaust the surface and buried seeds, respectively. These results suggest that leaving seeds on the soil surface will result in a more rapid depletion of the seedbank. Information on seed persistence will help to manage these weeds using strategic tillage operations.

Integrated Weed Management in Oilseed Brassica

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Abhinandan Singh ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Integrated Weed Management

Fungal Phytotoxins in Sustainable Weed Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Vurro ◽  
Angela Boari ◽  
Francesca Casella ◽  
Maria Chiara Zonno
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Toxic Metabolites

Fungal phytotoxins are natural secondary metabolites produced by plant pathogenic fungi during host–pathogen interactions. They have received considerable particular attention for elucidating disease etiology, and consequently to design strategies for disease control. Due to wide differences in their chemical structures, these toxic metabolites have different ecological and environmental roles and mechanisms of action. This review aims at summarizing the studies on the possible use of these metabolites as tools in biological and integrated weed management, e.g. as: novel and environmentally friendly herbicides; lead for novel compounds; sources of novel mechanisms of action. Moreover, the limiting factors for utilizing those metabolites in practice will also be briefly discussed.

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