Evaluation of terbacil-based herbicide treatments for hair fescue management in lowbush blueberry

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Scott N. White ◽  
Linshan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Grass Weed

Hair fescue is common tuft-forming perennial grass weed that reduces yields and hinders mechanical harvest in lowbush blueberry fields. PRE terbacil applications traditionally controlled hair fescue, but currently only provide suppression in most fields. Terbacil use has not, however, been evaluated in conjunction with other currently registered herbicides in lowbush blueberry. The objective of this research was to evaluate a range of terbacil-based herbicide treatments for hair fescue management in lowbush blueberry. The experiment was conducted at three lowbush blueberry fields in Nova Scotia, Canada. Spring non-bearing year terbacil applications (2000 g ai ha-1) exhibited variable efficacy on hair fescue with reduced total tuft density at one site and reduced flowering tuft density and flowering tuft inflorescence number at two sites. Suppression was limited to the year of application only. Terbacil followed by (fb) foramsulfuron (35 g ai ha-1) did not improve suppression. A terbacil tank mixture with glufosinate (750 ai ha-1), however, reduced flowering tuft density and flowering tuft inflorescence number at each site and reduced total tuft density at one site, suggesting improved suppression with terbacil+glufosinate relative to terbacil alone. Terbacil+glufosinate fb foramsulfuron gave additional reductions in total tuft density at two sites and reduced bearing year flowering tuft density at two sites, indicating that hair fescue suppression with this herbicide combination extends into the bearing year. Although less effective than the industry standard pronamide applications, terbacil+glufosinate or terbacil+glufosinate fb foramsulfuron could be used as part of a weed management program for hair fescue in lowbush blueberry.

Using the Rosette Technique for Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Control in Row Crops

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett R. Miller ◽  
Rodney G. Lym
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Standard Practices

Clopyralid applied to Canada thistle rosettes has provided better control in the following growing season than applications to bolted plants. The objectives of this research were to determine if using cultivation to prevent plants from bolting prior to herbicide application (the rosette technique) could be successfully incorporated into a row crop production system and to evaluate the effect of Canada thistle growth stage on the absorption and translocation of14C-clopyralid. Canada thistle control 8 mo after postharvest herbicide treatment (MAFT) using the rosette technique was similar to control when using conventional in-crop plus postharvest herbicide treatments in corn and soybean. Glyphosate and clopyralid plus 2,4-D were the most consistent postharvest herbicide treatments for Canada thistle control 8 MAFT in corn and soybean. Corn yields were similar, but soybean yields were slightly lower when Canada thistle was controlled using cultivation compared to conventional herbicide treatments.14C-clopyralid translocation to Canada thistle roots and lower shoot parts was greater when clopyralid was applied to the rosette stage than when applied to bolted Canada thistle plants. The increased translocation probably accounts for the increased Canada thistle control observed in the field. Incorporating the rosette technique into a weed management program should allow growers to control Canada thistle with less herbicide input than do standard practices.

scholarly journals Effective Preemergence Herbicides for Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) Control in Irrigated Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbes Tanji ◽  
Mohamed Boutfirass
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Three on-farm weed control experiments were conducted in irrigated bread wheat in the Doukkala perimeter, Morocco, in 2015-16 and 2016-17 in order to study the efficacy of 4 pre-emergence herbicide treatments for controlling rigid ryegrass that is resistant to 13 post-emergence herbicides. Results showed that 3 pre-emergence herbicides [i) chlorotoluron, 2000 g/ha + isoxaben, 74.8 g/ha; ii) prosulfocarb, 4000 g/ha; iii) prosulfocarb, 2000 g/ha + s-metolachlor, 300 g/ha] reduced rigid ryegrass shoot biomass by > 90% 1 to 3 months after treatments (MAT). Pendimethalin (1320 g ha-1) achieved 83-99% rigid ryegrass control 1 to 3 MAT. The four herbicide treatments were safe on wheat in one experiment, but reduced wheat density in 2 other experiments due to heavy rain (about 100 mm) after herbicide treatments and before crop emergence. Grain yields in sprayed plots ranged from 6.6 to 9.8 t ha-1, 4.4 to 7.4 t ha-1, 7.3 to 8.9 t ha-1 in experiments 1 to 3, respectively. Straw yields were 11.4 to 15.4, 9.6 to 15.8, and 10.1 to 14.5 t ha-1 in the 3 experiments, respectively. These preemergence herbicides need to be used by wheat growers as part of an integrated weed management program. Further research is needed to explore ways to avoid wheat injury, that could be occasionally caused by heavy rain or irrigation, after preemergence herbicide application and before crop emergence.

Evaluation of Thiencarbazone-methyl– and Isoxaflutole-Based Herbicide Programs in Corn

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel O. Stephenson ◽  
Jason A. Bond
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Weed Resistance

Field studies were conducted in Louisiana and Mississippi in 2009 and 2010 to evaluate PRE herbicide treatments containing isoxaflutole or a prepackaged mixture of thiencarbazone-methyl : isoxaflutole (TCM : isoxaflutole) for weed control in corn. PRE treatments included the premix of TCM : isoxaflutole alone (30 : 80 g ai ha−1) and with atrazine (1,120 g ai ha−1), isoxaflutole alone (90 g ai ha−1) and with atrazine (1,120 g ai ha−1), and the premix of atrazine plus S-metolachlor (1,820 plus 1,410 g ai ha−1). POST treatments included glufosinate (450 g ai ha−1) or glyphosate (870 g ae ha−1) applied to 30-cm corn along with a no POST treatment. All PRE treatments controlled barnyardgrass, entireleaf morningglory, rhizomatous johnsongrass, Palmer amaranth, and velvetleaf 87 to 95% 4 wk after planting (WAP) and browntop millet and hophornbeam copperleaf were controlled 86 to 95% 8 WAP. Weed control was improved 8 and 20 WAP when either POST treatment was applied. TCM : isoxaflutole plus atrazine controlled barnyardgrass, entireleaf morningglory, Palmer amaranth, and velvetleaf at least 90% 20 WAP regardless of POST treatment. TCM : isoxaflutole plus atrazine provided greater control of browntop millet (90%) than isoxaflutole alone or with atrazine and atrazine plus S-metolachlor where control was 86% 20 WAP. Pooled across POST treatments, all PRE treatments containing isoxaflutole or TCM : isoxaflutole controlled rhizomatous johnsongrass better (74 to 76%) than atrazine plus S-metolachlor (67%). Corn yield following herbicide treatments ranged from 9,280 to 11,040 kg ha−1 compared with 9,110 kg ha−1 for the nontreated. Results indicate that TCM : isoxaflutole or isoxaflutole PRE is an option for use in a corn weed management program and may prolong the use of atrazine where weed resistance may be an issue. Where rhizomatous johnsongrass is a problem, TCM : isoxaflutole or isoxaflutole PRE can provide better control than atrazine plus S-metolachlor PRE. Without PRE treatments, glufosinate or glyphosate was needed for season-long weed control.

Effects of fall bearing year glufosinate applications, spring non-bearing year glufosinate applications, and spring non-bearing year foramsulfuron applications on hair fescue in lowbush blueberry

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Scott N. White ◽  
Linshan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Bank Management ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Hair fescue is a common perennial grass that reduces yields in lowbush blueberry fields. This grass is suppressed with non-bearing year foramsulfuron applications, though suppression may be improved through use of sequential glufosinate and foramsulfuron applications. The objective of this research was to determine the main and interactive effects of fall bearing year glufosinate applications, spring non-bearing year glufosinate applications, and spring non-bearing year foramsulfuron applications on hair fescue. The experiment was a 2 by 2 by 2 factorial arrangement of fall bearing year glufosinate application (0, 750 g ai ha-1), spring non-bearing year glufosinate application (0, 750 g ai ha-1), and spring non-bearing year foramsulfuron application (0, 35 g ai ha-1) arranged in a randomized complete block design at lowbush blueberry fields located in Parrsboro and Portapique, NS, Canada. Fall bearing year glufosinate applications, spring non-bearing year glufosinate applications, and spring non-bearing year foramsulfuron applications alone provided inconsistent hair fescue suppression. Fall bearing year glufosinate applications followed by spring non-bearing year foramsulfuron applications, however, reduced non-bearing year total tuft density, flowering tuft density, and flowering tuft inflorescence number at each site and reduced seed production at Portapique. Sequential fall bearing year and spring non-bearing year glufosinate applications or sequential spring non-bearing year glufosinate and foramsulfuron applications reduced flowering tuft density and flowering tuft inflorescence number at each site but did not consistently reduce total tuft density. Sequential herbicide treatments reduced bearing year seedling density and may therefore contribute to hair fescue seed bank management in lowbush blueberry.

Studies of competition between Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. ex Arechav. (serrated tussock) and native pastures. 1. Adult plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Badgery ◽  
D. R. Kemp ◽  
D. L. Michalk ◽  
W. McG. King
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Native Pastures ◽  
Grass Weed ◽  
Considerable Damage

Nassella trichotoma (serrated tussock) is a hardy perennial grass weed that rapidly invades disturbed areas. Pasture competition is an important component of an integrated weed-management system for native pastures. This paper reports on a field experiment to ascertain the level of competition from native grasses for adult N. trichotoma plants. Native grasses prevented N. trichotoma plants from increasing in biomass and basal area when rotationally grazed or when grazing was removed and fertiliser was withheld. Smaller N. trichotoma plants (<500 mm2) were more likely to vary in size with very little change in larger plants. Flupropanate efficiently killed all N. trichotoma plants but caused considerable damage to perennial native species, resulting in an uncompetitive pasture dominated by broadleaf weeds.

Fluridone and Encapsulated Acetochlor Reduce Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitor Use in a Glufosinate-Based Palmer Amaranth Management Program for Cotton

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 838-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis R. Braswell ◽  
Charles W. Cahoon ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Richard W. Seagroves
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Increasing Risk

Flumioxazin and fomesafen are commonly used to control glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth in cotton and other crops, thus increasing risk to select for Palmer amaranth biotypes resistant to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors. A field experiment was conducted to determine the potential for fluridone and acetochlor to substitute for soil-applied PPO inhibitors in a Palmer amaranth management system with glufosinate applied twice POST and diuron plus MSMA POST-directed in conservation tillage cotton. Fluridone and flumioxazin applied preplant 23 to 34 d prior to planting were similarly effective. Fluridone and acetochlor plus diuron applied PRE controlled Palmer amaranth as well as fomesafen plus diuron PRE. All systems with preplant and PRE herbicides followed by glufosinate POST and diuron plus MSMA layby controlled Palmer amaranth well. Cotton yield did not differ among herbicide treatments. This research demonstrates that fluridone and acetochlor can substitute for soil-applied PPO-inhibiting herbicides in management systems for Palmer amaranth.

Studies on the flowering biology of red sorrel (Rumex acetosella) ramets from lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) fields in Nova Scotia, Canada

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott N. White ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd ◽  
Rene C. Van Acker ◽  
Clarence J. Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Flowering Response ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Rumex Acetosella

Red sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.) is a ramet-producing herbaceous creeping perennial species commonly found as a weed in commercially managed lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) fields in Nova Scotia, Canada. Flowering and seed production occur primarily in overwintering ramets of this species, indicating a potential vernalization requirement for flowering. This study was therefore initiated to examine the role of vernalization, photoperiod, and pre-vernalization stimulus on ramet flowering. Red sorrel ramets propagated from creeping roots and seeds collected from established red sorrel populations in lowbush blueberry had an obligate requirement for vernalization to flower. Ramet populations maintained under pre- and post-vernalization photoperiods of 16 h flowered following 12 weeks of vernalization at 4 ± 0.1 °C, whereas those maintained under constant 16, 14, or 8 h photoperiods without vernalization did not flower. Vernalization for 10 weeks maximized, but did not saturate, the flowering response. Pre-vernalization photoperiod affected flowering response, with increased flowering frequency observed in ramet populations exposed to decreasing, rather than constant, photoperiod prior to vernalization. This study represents the first attempt to determine the combined effects of vernalization and photoperiod on red sorrel flowering, and the results provide a benchmark for the future study of flowering and sexual reproduction in this economically important perennial weed species.

The Coaxium® Wheat Production System: A New Herbicide-Resistant System for Annual Grass Weed Control and Integrated Weed Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Raven A. Bough ◽  
Phillip Westra ◽  
Todd A. Gaines ◽  
Eric P. Westra ◽  
Scott Haley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Production System ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
State University ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Colorado State University ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
System A ◽  
Grass Weed ◽  
Global Food

The authors discuss the importance of wheat as a global food source and describe a novel multi-institutional, public-private partnership between Colorado State University, the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation, and private chemical and seed companies that resulted in the development of a new herbicide-resistant wheat production system.

The Influence of Weed Management in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Stubble on Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore M. Webster ◽  
John Cardina ◽  
Mark M. Loux
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Postharvest Treatment ◽  
Full Rate ◽  
Wheat Stubble

The objectives of this study were to determine how the timing of weed management treatments in winter wheat stubble affects weed control the following season and to determine if spring herbicide rates in corn can be reduced with appropriately timed stubble management practices. Field studies were conducted at two sites in Ohio between 1993 and 1995. Wheat stubble treatments consisted of glyphosate (0.84 kg ae/ha) plus 2,4-D (0.48 kg ae/ha) applied in July, August, or September, or at all three timings, and a nontreated control. In the following season, spring herbicide treatments consisted of a full rate of atrazine (1.7 kg ai/ha) plus alachlor (2.8 kg ai/ha) preemergence, a half rate of these herbicides, or no spring herbicide treatment. Across all locations, a postharvest treatment of glyphosate plus 2,4-D followed by alachlor plus atrazine at half or full rates in the spring controlled all broadleaf weeds, except giant ragweed, at least 88%. Giant foxtail control at three locations was at least 83% when a postharvest glyphosate plus 2,4-D treatment was followed by spring applications of alachlor plus atrazine at half or full rates. Weed control in treatments without alachlor plus atrazine was variable, although broadleaf control from July and August glyphosate plus 2,4-D applications was greater than from September applications. Where alachlor and atrazine were not applied, August was generally the best timing of herbicide applications to wheat stubble for reducing weed populations the following season.

History of Herbicide-Tolerant Crops, Methods of Development and Current State of the Art – Emphasis on Glyphosate Tolerance

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 626-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh M. Kishore ◽  
Stephen R. Padgette ◽  
Robert T. Fraley
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Shikimate Pathway ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Epsp Synthase ◽  
Glyphosate Tolerance ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Wide Range

Weed management is an integral part of agriculture; weeds lower both productivity and quality of agricultural products. A combination of mechanical, chemical, biological, and cultural methods is expected to deliver a sustainable weed management program for the next two decades. While chemical methods offer the most cost effective means of weed management, crop selectivity has hampered the use of the best chemicals for weed management. Recent progress in gene technology has facilitated the introduction and expression of genes to confer a wide range of traits to crop plants. Application of this technology has resulted in the development of crop plant genotypes that are resistant to a specific herbicide. This article describes the progress that has been made by our group toward the introduction of glyphosate tolerance to crop plants. Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] kills plants due to inhibition of the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds via the shikimate pathway. Our approach for introduction of glyphosate tolerance is based on insertion and expression in plants of a gene encoding a glyphosate-tolerant 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, a key enzyme of the shikimate pathway. The wild type enzyme present in plants is susceptible to inhibition glyphosate; variants of EPSP synthase have been produced that are less susceptible to inhibition by glyphosate. Expression of genes encoding these variants has been shown to confer glyphosate tolerance to plants. The degree of glyphosate tolerance is related to the tolerance characteristics of the EPSP synthase variant, its substrate activity, targeting to the plastid, and the level of expression of the variant gene. The tissue specificity of expression of the variant EPSP synthase has also been shown to be critical since glyphosate is a systemic herbicide and is translocated to many growing points within the plant. Our studies on glyphosate tolerance have substantially enhanced our understanding of the mode-of-action of glyphosate, the shikimate pathway, and protein sorting within plant cells, as well as developmental and tissue specific expression of genes in plants. Commercial use of glyphosate tolerance technology is expected to affect positively, the weed management arsenal available to the farmers, the sustainability of farm land and groundwater, and promote the use of a “soft” herbicide.

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