Hydraulic lift by canola plants aids P and K uptake from dry topsoil

The role of hydraulic lift in nutrient uptake from dry topsoil is unclear. Vertically-split root systems were used to measure hydraulic lift and phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) uptake at the rosette and flowering stages of two canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars (Trigold and Boomer with small and large root systems, respectively) grown in soil low in P and K. Rubidium (Rb) was used as a tracer to examine K uptake from K fertiliser banded in dry topsoil. During vegetative growth, statistically significant hydraulic lift was measured, irrespective of cultivar root size or a specific nutrient (P or K) placed in the topsoil. The Rb tracer revealed significant amounts of K were absorbed from the dry soil, but at rates five-fold lower than from the moist soil. The water lifted could not prevent cessation of P uptake by Boomer and a reduction in P uptake by Trigold. During mid to late flowering, ion uptake from the dry topsoil was impeded despite the continuation of hydraulic lift up to 28 days after the topsoil was dried. Minimal fine root growth following topsoil drying (and reduction in fine root biomass in some treatments) appeared to be the primary cause of impeded nutrient uptake.

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The role of hydraulic lift and subsoil P placement in P uptake of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/s11104-009-9977-1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 325 (1-2) ◽

pp. 263-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

X. Wang ◽

C. Tang ◽

C. N. Guppy ◽

P. W. G. Sale

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

P Uptake ◽

Hydraulic Lift ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽

P Placement

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Optimizing The Utilization of FIlter Pressmud to Increase Plant Nutrient Uptake in The Production of Granule Compound Fertilizers

Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan ◽

10.14710/jil.18.1.1-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Kasmadi Kasmadi ◽

Budi Nugroho ◽

Atang Sutandi ◽

Syaiful Anwar

Keyword(s):

Production Process ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Organic Material ◽

N Uptake ◽

P Uptake ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Plant Nutrient ◽

K Uptake ◽

Plant Nutrient Uptake ◽

Compound Fertilizer

Filter pressmud is the waste most considered to pollute the environment and is a problem for sugar factories and the community. There is also an opinion that filter pressmud is worthless waste and considered as B3 waste. Filter pressmud is an organic material with abundant and has not been used optimally. Filter pressmud contains nutrients that are needed by plants, so it is very good for increasing the composition of nutrients in granule compound fertilizer. The objectives to be achieved in this study are: to examine the effect of the addition of filter pressmud on the production process of granule compound fertilizer on plant nutrient uptake. The results obtained, the addition of filler blotong 60% -90% in the treatment using SOP can increase N uptake by 84.93-384.18 mg, P uptake of 2.65-11.62 mg, and K uptake of 25.04- 82.38 mg. Whereas the treatment using KCl had a positive influence on the addition of filler filter pressmud by 70%, with an increase in N, P and K nutrient uptake of 45.62 mg, 3.87 mg and 4.89 mg, respectively

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The Role of Fine Roots in the Functioning of Alaskan Boreal Forests

Alaska's Changing Boreal Forest ◽

10.1093/oso/9780195154313.003.0018 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Roger W. Ruess ◽

Ronald L. Hendrick

Keyword(s):

Fine Roots ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Fine Root ◽

Root Systems ◽

Simple Fact ◽

Coarse Root ◽

Spruce Stands ◽

Boreal Ecosystem ◽

N Incorporation

The patterns of production described in Chapter 11 tell only half of the story about boreal forest production because a large proportion of the carbon (C) acquired by plants is allocated belowground in ways that have traditionally been extremely difficult to quantify. Work in the Bonanza Creek LTER provides considerable insight into the patterns, causes, and consequences of this belowground C allocation. Belowground allocation has a number of important ecosystem consequences beyond the simple fact that C allocated belowground comes at the expense of aboveground growth. Belowground and aboveground tissues differ substantially in the rates of C and nitrogen (N) incorporation into new tissue, the ratio of growth to respiration, and the rate of tissue decay. For example, despite the small biomass of fine roots relative to aboveground tissues in forest ecosystems, disproportionate amounts of C and N cycle annually through fine roots, which grow, die, and decompose very rapidly and have high N concentrations (Hendrick and Pregitzer 1992, Ruess et al. 1996, 2003). The objectives of this chapter are to (1) summarize our understanding of the structure and function of fine-root systems in forest types within the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest, (2) compare our findings with the results of studies of other boreal and temperate ecosystems in order to develop a broader understanding of fine-root function, and (3) identify critical research gaps in our understanding of the role of fine-root systems in boreal ecosystem function. Fine roots grow more rapidly than the rest of the root system in a forest and are responsible for the bulk of nutrient and water acquisition. Until recently, fine roots were defined rather arbitrarily as roots less than 1–2 mm in diameter, while roots larger than this were considered coarse roots. Only one data set for fine and coarse root biomass has been published for interior Alaskan forests (Ruess et al. 1996), which shows (1) live fine-root biomass ranging from 221 g m-2 in floodplain white spruce stands to 832 g m-2 in upland birch-aspen stands, (2) a positive correlation between fine-root and coarse-root biomass, with coarse-root biomass averaging 50% greater than fine roots, and (3) no relationship between aboveground biomass and fine or coarse root biomass.

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Effect of potassium and sulphur on nutrient uptake, yieldand quality of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan)

Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal ◽

10.18805/asd.v36i4.6476 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

Author(s):

S. S. Balpande ◽

P. A. Sarap ◽

R. M. Ghodpage

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effect ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Cajanus Cajan ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

P Uptake ◽

K Uptake ◽

College Of Agriculture ◽

Yield And Quality

A study was conducted with graded levels of potassium and sulphur on pigeon pea to assess the nutrient uptake, yield and quality at Agronomy Farm, College of Agriculture, Nagpur (M.S.) The data revealed that application of K and S levels significantly influenced the uptake of major and micronutrient in pigeon pea. High N and P uptake was observed due to application of 30 kg potassium and 20 kg sulphur per hectare. Potassium uptake was increased significantly with increasing the levels of K. The highest K uptake was noticed in 45 kg K and 20 kg S per hectare combination. The recovery of NPK was higher in 30 kg potassium per hectare. Due to increased level of potassium and sulpur there was no adverse effect on calcium assimilation and highest uptake of calcium was observed in the application 30 kg K and 20 kg S per hectare. The optimum supply of K and S improves the uptake of micronutrients. Significantly high grain yield and protein yield was observed due to application 30 kg K and 20 kg S per hectare. Therefore balanced fertilization of NPKS nutrients is required in pigeon pea.

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Theory predicts plants grow roots to compete with only their closest neighbours

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2019.1129 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 286 (1912) ◽

pp. 20191129 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Caroline E. Farrior

Keyword(s):

Fine Roots ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Fine Root ◽

Tree Height ◽

Fine Root Biomass ◽

Plant Roots ◽

Spatial Extent ◽

Individual Strategies ◽

Made In

The combination of individual-based selection with shared access to resources drives individuals to invest more than necessary in taking up their share of resources due to the threat of other individuals doing the same (competitive overinvestments). This evolutionary escalation of investment is common, from deer antlers and peacock feathers to tree height and plant roots. Because plant roots seem to be well intermingled belowground, the simplifying assumption that belowground resources are perfectly well mixed is often made in models—a condition that favours maximal fine-root overinvestments. Here, I develop simple models to investigate the role of space in determining the overlap among individuals belowground and resulting fine-root biomass. Without costs of growing roots through space, evolutionary optimization leads individuals to intermingle their fine roots perfectly and to invest just as much in these roots, whether there are two individuals competing or many. However, if there are any costs of sending roots through soil, investment in fine roots is constrained in amount and spatial extent. Dominant individuals are those that keep their roots in the soil closest to their own stem and the stems of their closest neighbours. These results highlight the importance of space in determining individual strategies as well as competitive networks.

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The role of woody roots of slash pine seedlings in water and potassium absorption

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x90-157 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 20 (8) ◽

pp. 1183-1191 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

K. C. J. Van Rees ◽

N. B. Comerford

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Root Length ◽

Root Systems ◽

Slash Pine ◽

K Uptake ◽

Pine Seedlings ◽

Woody Root ◽

Mycorrhizal Roots ◽

Potassium Absorption

Tree root systems consist of varying amounts of woody, nonwoody, and mycorrhizal roots, yet the importance of woody roots in nutrient and water uptake is unclear. This study was conducted to determine the rates of uptake of water, potassium (K), and rubidium (Rb) by woody roots of slash pine (Pinuselliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) seedlings. Water and nutrient uptake was determined by depletion experiments for seedlings grown in solution cultures. When active shoot growth occurred, absorption of water, K, and Rb (per unit root length) for seedlings with only woody roots (nonwoody roots removed) was comparable with or greater than that for seedlings with both woody and non-woody roots. Predictions of K uptake via a nutrient-uptake model were similar when plant parameters were either measured separately for woody and white roots or for entire root systems. Determination of the length of woody roots was essential for accurately predicting K uptake. For seedlings grown in soil, woody root length comprised 85 to 95% of the total root length. The effectiveness of woody roots in absorbing water and K, and the large proportion that woody roots constitute of the total root system, suggest that woody roots can play a major role in the nutrition of slash pine.

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Nutrient uptake of hybrid poplar in competition with weeds using the soil supply and nutrient demand (SSAND) model

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss08006 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 89 (2) ◽

pp. 197-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Bachitter S Kabba ◽

J. Diane Knight ◽

Ken C.J. Van Rees

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Soil Type ◽

N Mineralization ◽

Populus Deltoides ◽

N Uptake ◽

Hybrid Poplar ◽

P Uptake ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

K Uptake ◽

Nutrient Demand

Mechanistic nutrient uptake models can help gain a quantitative understanding of nutrient uptake by plants under weed-competing conditions. The objectives of this study were to check the applicability of the soil supply and nutrient demand (SSAND) model to predict N, P and K uptake by hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides × Populus × petrowskyana var. Walker) grown with and without competition with dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and quackgrass (Elymus repens) in a controlled environment, and to determine if incorporating N mineralization into the model would improve N uptake predictions. Simulation results showed that N uptake was underestimated for hybrid poplar by 58 to 73%, depending upon soil type and weed treatment. Incorporation of N mineralization as a model input improved the hybrid poplar N uptake predictions by 24 and 67% in the pasture and alfalfa soil, respectively, when grown without weeds. The SSAND model underestimated P uptake by 84 to 89% and overestimated K uptake by 28 to 59% for hybrid poplar depending upon the soil type and weed treatment. Results from this study illustrate that modeling competition between two species in a controlled environment study is a complex process and that further work is required to understand the underlying processes controlling nutrient supply and uptake in these systems. Key words: Nutrient uptake modeling, SSAND model, hybrid poplar, weeds, sensitivity analysis

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