The effect of urea in the diet of the early-weaned calf on weight gain, nitrogen and sulphur balance, and plasma urea and free amino acid concentrations

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Leibholz ◽  
RW Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Experiments were conducted with 40 male Friesian calves between 5 and 11 weeks of age. The control diet contained meat meal as the sole protein supplement to grain, and this was replaced by urea to supply 20.1, 39.2, or 55.6% of the dietary nitrogen. The growth rate of the calves, when corrected for digestible dry matter intake, was significantly lower when urea supplied 55.6 % of the dietary nitrogen than when it supplied 0, 20.1, or 39.2% of the dietary nitrogen. The retention of nitrogen and sulphur was lower in the calves given 55.6% of the dietary nitrogen as urea, but the ratio of nitrogen to sulphur retained was constant for all diets. There was a positive correlation between dietary urea nitrogen intake and urea nitrogen concentration in the blood plasma. The urea nitrogen and a-amino nitrogen concentration in the blood plasma was greater in calves at 2 weeks of age than at 11 weeks of age. The concentrations of free glycine, valine, leucine, ornithine, lysine, and histidine in the blood plasma were significantly lower in the calves given the higher levels of urea in the diet.

Amino and urea nitrogen levels in lambs receiving different nitrogen sources and injections of lysine and methionine

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 929-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Ely ◽  
C. O. Little ◽  
G. E. Mitchell Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Tissue Protein Synthesis ◽  
Time Of Feeding

Two trials were conducted to study changes in plasma urea and amino nitrogen of lambs fed different nitrogen sources. In the first trial, zein, zein and urea, or urea were fed as the only dietary nitrogen sources. Nitrogen balance data indicated the superiority of the zein–urea ration. Plasma amino acid concentrations were lower at 4 h after feeding than just before feeding. The concentration of total plasma amino acids was greatest when zein was fed and least when the zein–urea ration was fed. Lysine injections into the systemic blood caused a steady decline in total amino acid concentration up to 60 min after injection when zein was fed. Increases in total concentrations were noted after injection when urea had been fed. Intermediate values resulted in lambs fed the zein–urea ration. Lysine appeared to be the limiting amino acid required for maximum tissue protein synthesis when zein was fed. In the second trial, zein, purified soy protein, urea plus sulfur, and urea without sulfur were fed. Plasma collected from lambs fed zein contained less urea nitrogen at every collection period than those fed the other three nitrogen sources. Urea nitrogen decreased from time of feeding to 4 h after feeding zein and soy but increased after feeding both urea rations. Plasma amino nitrogen decreased from time of feeding to 4 h after feeding all rations. Neither urea nitrogen nor amino nitrogen was affected by intravenous amino acid injections.

The effect of nitrogen intake, sulphur intake and dietary nitrogen source on the performance of the early weaned calf

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (59) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Cent Nitrogen

An experiment was conducted with 40 male Friesian calves between five and eleven weeks of age to estimate their nitrogen and sulphur requirement. The basal diet contained 2.2 per cent nitrogen which was supplemented with urea or meat meal to 3.1 per cent nitrogen. The urea was added both with and without sodium sulphate. The weight gain and efficiency of feed conversion ratio of the calves fed the diet containing 2.2 per cent nitrogen was lower than that of the calves fed the diets containing 3.1 per cent nitrogen, but they were not affected by the nature of the nitrogen supplement or by the addition of sulphur to the urea supplemented diet which already contained 0.11 per cent sulphur. The apparent digestion of organic matter, dry matter, and nitrogen was greater at six weeks of age than at ten weeks of age. The excretion of nitrogen in the urine was greater in the calves fed the diets containing urea, but there was no difference in nitrogen retention. The retention of sulphur was 0.47 g a day for the calves fed the diet containing 0.11 per cent sulphur compared with 0.85 to 1.75 g a day for the calves fed the other diets. The concentration of urea in the blood plasma was higher in the calves at five weeks of age than at ten weeks of age and increased with increased nitrogen intake. The concentration of urea in the blood plasma was higher in the calves whose diet included urea than in the calves fed the meat meal supplemented diet.

Time-response relationship of ractopamine feeding on growth performance, plasma urea nitrogen concentration, and carcass traits of finishing pigs1

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 811-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Almeida ◽  
A. J. C. Nuñez ◽  
A. P. Schinckel ◽  
C. Andrade ◽  
J. C. C. Balieiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Time Response ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Relationship Of

The effect of starvation and low nitrogen intakes on the concentration of free amino acids in the blood plasma and on the nitrogen metabolism in sheep

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Crossbred wethers were given a control diet (8 g nitrogen, 730 g dry matter daily) or a low nitrogen diet (0.5 g nitrogen, 520 g dry matter daily) or starved, for a 12 or 20 day experimental period. The concentrations of free serine, glutamine, glycine, alanine, histidine, and arginine in the plasma of the starved sheep decreased significantly while the concentrations of lysine, 3-methylhistidine, and isoleucine increased significantly. The ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids increased from 0.35 to 0.56 in the starved sheep. In sheep on the low nitrogen diet, the ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids in the plasma decreased from 0.40 to 0.27, with significant increases in the concentrations of glutanlic acid, glutamine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, and 3-methylhistidine. Starvation and the low nitrogen diet both resulted in a reduction of the plasma urea concentrations. Starvation and the low nitrogen diet resulted in a 20-50 % reduction in the flow of saliva and a 40-78% increase in the concentration of total nitrogen. This resulted in no significant change in the daily secretion of nitrogen in the saliva. The concentration of urea in the saliva was increased by 3-54%. The concentrations of individual free amino acids in saliva are reported. The nitrogen content of the rumen was reduced, and after 7 days of starvation or on the low nitrogen diet all rumen nitrogen could be attributed to ammonia and free �-amino nitrogen.

Plasma Urea Nitrogen Concentration and Growth Performance of Finishing Pigs Fed Sorghum-Soybean Meal, Low-Protein Diets

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Figueroa ◽  
M. Martínez ◽  
J. E. Trujillo ◽  
V. Zamora ◽  
J. L. Cordero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

GROWTH-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN BLOOD UREA NITROGEN LEVELS IN LINCOLN AND SOUTHDOWN LAMBS

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mukhoty ◽  
W. Combs ◽  
T. D. D. Groves
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Rate Of Increase

The concentration of blood plasma urea nitrogen (BUN) was measured at bi-weekly intervals in four groups of growing Lincoln and Southdown lambs which received the same ration throughout their growth period. BUN increased with age and weight in each group. Although all groups showed similar changes in BUN with age, BUN concentration increased at 0.73 × 10−2, 0.88 × 10−2, 0.91 × 10−2, and 1.23 × 10−2 mg per kg of body weight gained in the case of Lincoln males, Lincoln females, Southdown males, and Southdown females, respectively. The average rates of gain for these groups were 0.33, 0.28, 0.26 and 0.20 kg per day, respectively. It appeared from these studies that at any given weight, the more mature animals at that weight tended to have higher BUN concentrations and a higher rate of increase of BUN with weight.

Factors affecting the urinary excretion of urea nitrogen in cattle. II. The plasma urea nitrogen concentration

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Urea Concentration ◽  
Urea Clearance ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Urea Excretion ◽  
Plasma Urea Concentration ◽  
Filtered Load

The relationships between the plasma urea concentration and clearance variables associated with urinary urea excretion were investigated in urea-supplemented cattle. The plasma urea concentration was related to the urinary urea output, and thus to the urea clearance and the fraction of filtered urea excreted. It is suggested that the urine flow rate was influenced by urinary urea excretion, which in turn was influenced by the plasma urea concentration and therefore by the filtered load of urea. The probable influence of the recycling of urea to the rumen on the excretion of urinary urea is discussed.

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