Seasonal changes and the effect of temperature and leaf moisture content on intrinsic shear strength of leaves of pasture grasses

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Henry ◽  
R. J. Simpson ◽  
R. H. Macmillan
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Pasture Grasses

The intrinsic shear strength of leaves of 6 temperate pasture grasses was measured using a guillotine. The intrinsic shear strength of the leaves was represented as the force required to shear a leaf corrected for the length of cutting blade in contact with the material. When green leaves were maintained at 100% relative humidity, their moisture content was maintained and their intrinsic shear strength remained constant over a 24-h period. Shear strength increased when leaves were allowed to dehydrate. Shear strength varied significantly over a growing season, with strength generally higher in summer and lower in winter. When grown in a constant regime with day/night temperatures ranging from 14/6˚C to 34/26˚C, no consistent effects of temperature on shear strength were observed across species; however, higher temperatures did increase lignin content of the leaves and decreased in vitro dry matter digestibility. Any one chemical constituent of the leaves (e.g. lignin, cellulose) did not appear to contribute significantly to their strength. The intrinsic shear strength of senescent leaves of Phalaris aquatica was significantly higher than that of green leaves, but there was no correlation between the strength of green leaves and that of senescent leaves. Hence, mature forages during the summer period will exhibit increased intrinsic shear strength at a time of the year when the digestibility of the feed also declines and the quality of feed begins to limit animal production.

scholarly journals The quality of silage of different sorghum genotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella Cangussú Tolentino ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Daniel Ananias de Assis Pires ◽  
Florence Taciana Veriato ◽  
Luciana Oliva Barbosa Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Sorghum Silage

The objective was to select from among 24 sorghum genotypes the superior ones for silage production. The study was conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa Maize & Sorghum, in the municipality of Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais State. It used 24 forage sorghum genotypes, 21 being hybrids from the crossing of grain sorghum females and forage males (12F38019, 12F38006, 12F40006, 12F40005, 12F40019, 12F37016, 12F37005, 12F37043, 12F39006, 12F39005, 12F39019, 12F38005, 12F38007, 12F37007, 12F39007, 12F40007, 12F38014, 12F37014, 12F39014, 12F40014 e 12F38009) and three witnesses: BRS 610, BRS 655 and Volumax. It estimated productivity per area, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and assessed the bromatological and fermentation characteristics of sorghum silage. In vitro dry matter digestibility, unavailable protein in neutral detergent, neutral detergent fiber corrected for ashes and protein, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose and lignin differed as to the genotypes tested. The pH and the ammoniacal nitrogen of the silage also showed differences between genotypes. Most of the genotypes tested are favorable for silage production, except the hybrid with higher lignin content 12F370014, and the hybrids 12F37007 and 12F370014, which showed the highest NDFap values. 

scholarly journals Nutritional value of sorghum silages

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽  
Daniel Ananias de Assis Pires ◽  
Renê Ferreira Costa ◽  
Daniella Cangussú Tolentino ◽  
João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
High Participation ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes

 This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional characteristics and quality of silages of five sorghum genotypes, namely: Volumax, AG2005E, Qualimax, BRS610 and AG2501. The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm Unimontes, in the municipality of Janaúba, state of Minas Gerais. The treatments were distributed in a randomized block design with four replicates. Data were tested by analysis of variance andmeans were compared by Scott-Knott test at a significance level of 5%. The pH values ranged from 3.93 and 4.10. Genotypes differed in all studied nutritional characteristics (p < 0.05). For the acid detergent fiber, differences were detected between the genotypes, AG2501 (35.66%), Volumax (34.89%), AG2005E (34.53%), Qualimax (32.39%) and BRS610 (33.60%). The high participation of lignin was verifiedin all genotypes except for Volumax (4.14%). All silages were within the recommended range 50-65% for in vitro dry matter digestibility and classified as having good quality, however only the AG2005E genotype met nitrogen requirements for microbial fermentation, with 7.06% crude protein. 

scholarly journals Frecuencias de corte y niveles de fertilización nitrogenada en rendimiento y calidad del forrraje de morera (Morus sp.), en Cuyuta, Guatemala

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Carlos Rodríguez ◽  
Juan A. Quiñones ◽  
Rodrigo Arias
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Dual Purpose Cattle ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Cutting Height

The trial was conducted at the Centro de Producción Agrícola of ICfA in Cuyuta, Escuintla-Guatemala in order to generate information on the yield and quality of edible mulberry (Morus sp.) roughage treatments consisted of three harvest frequencies (6; 9 and 12 weeks and three fertilization levels of nitrogen (0.40 and 80 kg/ha). A complete randomized block experimental design, with a factorial arrangement (3x3) was used. The cutting height was 0.3 m above the ground level with two sequencies: from August 2nd to September 13 th and from September 13th to December 6th, 1990. In both cases, the 12 week frequency cutting and 80 kg of N were superior to the others (P<=0.01), yielding 6.87 and 6.15 t/ha of dry matter respectively. The yields at 9 weeks were statistically higher than those at 6 weeks. The highest protein percentage of the whole plant, leaves and stalks were produced at 6 weeks. The dry matter digestibility values in vitro showed little variability among treatments, with averages for whole plants, leaves and stalks of 65, 91 and 41 %, respectively. The preceeding data suggests that the mulberry has an excellent potential as a balanced supplement (protein and energy) for dual purpose cattle on the Southern coast of Guatemala.

scholarly journals Chemical characteristics, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts in corn silage re-ensiled with bacterial inoculant

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045-1052
Author(s):  
Mateus Merlo Coelho ◽  
Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Kelly Moura Keller ◽  
Gustavo Vinícius de Souza dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Whole Plant

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of re-ensiling and bacterial inoculation on the quality of corn silage. The experiment was carried out in a 2x2 factorial design with or without inoculant (association of Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici), and with re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure or only ensiling of the whole plant of 'BRS 1055' corn. The fermentative quality, nutritional parameters, dry matter losses, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts of silages were evaluated. Re-ensiling caused an increase of pH and in acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations, as well as in the dry matter (DM), crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber crude protein contents. Conversely, there was a reduction in the nonfiber carbohydrates concentration and in in vitro dry matter digestibility for the re-ensiled material. All changes were explained by the higher-effluent production and DM loss of re-ensiled material that was subjected to two compactions. Microbiology was not altered by the treatments. The use of inoculant altered ash content, but it did not influence other parameters. In contrast, re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure caused a reduction in the nutritive value of corn silage and accentuated the DM losses.

effect of treating wheat straw with sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide alone or in combination with hydrogen peroxide on the in Vitro dry matter digestibility

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 119-119
Author(s):  
A. S. Chaudhry ◽  
E. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Farm Scale

That alkali treatments can improve the nutritional quality of poor quality roughages has long been established (Sundstol and Owen, 1984). However, their effectiveness is limited by their potential hazards to the animals and mankind. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) has recently emerged as a possible substitute (Gould, 1985) but its farm scale application is limited by the need for high amounts of chemicals and water. Lack of any information regarding its effectiveness over NaOH alone is another factor which requires further investigation. The present study was, therefore, planned to assess the effectiveness of pH-regulated (11.5±0.2) H2O2 (AHP) in improving the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of wheat straw (WS, Avalon) under different laboratory conditions. The possibility of using CaO on its own or to regulate pH for AHP was also tested.

Effects of Grain Formation on Dry Matter Distribution and Forage Quality in Maize

1976 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Bunting
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Grain Formation ◽  
Final Harvest

SUMMARYPost-anthesis trends in yield and forage quality of dry matter in components of the maize shoot were studied in experiments with barren and fertile plants grown at 10 plants/m2. In fertile plants, which had a maximum shoot DW 6 or 7% higher than barren ones, the stems (including leaf sheaths) yielded 5 t/ha (42% shoot DW) 30 days after flowering, declining to 3·5 t/ha (26% DW) at final harvest 60 days later. During this period the ear increased by more than 4 t/ha, from 23 to 50% of shoot DW, whereas in barren plants there was little change in DM distribution, with the stem representing about 48% shoot DW, leaf and husk together 40–45% and the ear (rachis only) less than 10%. DM percentage of shoots was similar in barren and fertile plants until maximum DW was attained about 60 days after flowering, after which fertile plants dried more rapidly. In vitro dry matter digestibility was as high in barren as in fertile plants, and the analytical data on forage quality do not suggest that it was positively associated with grain content.

Effects of water stress on in vitro dry matter digestibility and chemical composition of herbage of tropical pasture species

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Dead Leaf ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Stem Development ◽  
Treatment Water

The effects of water stress of varying duration and intensity (Dry treatment) on the in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD) of different plant fractions of three tropical grasses (green panic, buffel and spear grass) and a tropical legume (Siratro) grown in plots under semi-arid field conditions is reported. Other plots of these species were irrigated regularly for comparison (Wet treatment). Generally, the DMD of herbage from water-stressed grasses was either similar to or higher than that from plants of the Wet treatment. Where DMD of leaves was higher for the Dry treatment this was usually due to a slower decline in their DMD as they aged. Most comparisons of dead leaf tissue indicated a higher DMD for the Dry than the Wet treatment. The most recently expanded leaves usually did not differ in DMD between Wet and Dry treatment. Water stress slowed stem development in the grasses and, particularly in early spring when this effect was most evident, the DMD of stem was higher in the Dry than the Wet treatment. Water stress applied to buffel grass stems after they had elongated and started flowering did not affect their DMD compared with the Wet treatment. Cell wall and lignin content of herbage from the Dry treatment was similar to or lower than that from the Wet treatment. In contrast to the grasses, the stress-adapted small leaves of Siratro, which developed after some time under water stress conditions, were lower in DMD than the recently expanded Wet leaves; their lignin and cellulose contents were higher but hemicellulose markedly lower than those of Wet leaves.

The influence of weather on the quality of tropical legume pasture during the dry season in northern Australia. III. Effects of digestibility and chemical composition

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL McCown ◽  
BH Wall
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Dry Tropics

In the semi-arid tropics, accumulated shed leaf of certain pasture legumes can provide highly nutritious feed for cattle in the dry season. Previous papers in this series have dealt with the fungal spoilage of leaf of Caribbean stylo in response to dew and unseasonal rainfall and the threat to acceptability by cattle. This paper focuses on the effects of varying degrees of moulding and leaching on dry matter digestibility of leaf of this legume. Uniform leaf material of high digestibility was exposed at six locations during the dry season and samples retrieved at 4-weekly intervals. From initial values of 75%. in vitro digestibility dropped to as low as 50%. Degree of moulding, as indicated by a quantitative index of discoloration, accounted for about 80�/o of loss. Moulding was much more important than leaching. This latter finding in the winter-dry tropics contrasts with previous findings in the summer-dry Mediterranean climate.

scholarly journals Effect of Ligninolytic Axenic and Coculture White-Rot Fungi on Rice Straw Chemical and In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osmond Datsomor ◽  
Zhao Gou-qi ◽  
Lin Miao
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
White Rot ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the axenic culture of Pleurotus ostreatus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and the coculture (P. chrysosporium and P. ostreatus) for their potential to break down lignin and to enhance the rumen fermentability of rice straw. Rice straw was fermented by two lignin-degrading fungi, namely, P. ostreatus, P. chrysosporium, and coculture (P. ostreatus and P. chrysosporium) under solid-state fermentation (SSF). The coculture exhibited a mutual intermingling plus inhibition interaction. Coculture treated straw had a lower lignin content (5.26%) compared to P. chrysosporium axenic treated straw (6.18%), although P. ostreatus axenic treated straw was the lowest (3.27%). The polysaccharide content of coculture treated straw was higher than P. chrysosporium axenic treated straw, although smaller than P. ostreatus. P. ostreatus and coculture suitably delignified rice straw without adversely affecting cellulose. Treatment of rice straw with coculture improved in vitro dry matter digestibility (68.08%), total volatile fatty acids (35.27%), and total gas (57.4 ml/200 mg) compared to P. chrysosporium (45.09%, 32.24%, 44.39 ml/200 mg) but was second to P. ostreatus (75.34%, 38.31%, 65.60 ml/200 mg). The coculture via synergistic interaction has the potential to decompose lignin and improve the nutritive value of rice straw than P. chrysosporium.

Effect of partial delignification on the in vitro digestibility of cell wall polysaccharides in Digitaria decumbens (pangola grass)

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW Ford
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Sodium Chlorite ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Total Digestion ◽  
Two Stages

Leaf and stem fractions of Digitaria decumbens (pangola grass) cut at two stages of regrowth (47 and 89 days), were extracted with ether, ethanol and water (100°C) before being partially delignified with sodium chlorite in acetic acid. Delignification reduced the lignin concentrations by 52 and 72% in the 47-day-old leaf and stem, and by 69 and 87% in the 87-day-old leaf and stem. In vitro dry matter digestibility was correspondingly increased, by 17–20% (47-day material) and 28–31% (89-day material). Hemicelluloses were digested to a greater degree than cellulose in the delignified material. The reverse was found in the material prior to delignification. In the hemicelluloses arabinose was always digested to a greater extent than xylose. Polysaccharides from delignified 89-day regrowth leaf and stem tissue were still digested to a lesser extent than those from the 47-day regrowth. Maximum digestibilities estimated for zero lignin content were 96.6, 88.1 and 82.8% for young leaf, young stem-told leaf, and old stem respectively. Thus, while lignin has been shown to be the major factor limiting total digestion of the plant material, other minor factors could not be excluded, particularly in the older tissues.

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