Effect of solution pH, external calcium concentration, and aluminium activity on nodulation and early growth of cowpea

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
AK Alva ◽  
CJ Asher ◽  
DG Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Acid Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Concentration Effects ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Effects of pH, calcium (Ca), and aluminium (Al) on the growth and nodulation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) were studied in large-volume, dilute nutrient solutions. Ca concentrations over the range 0.05 mM to 2.5 mM, and pH over the range 4.5 to 5.5, had no significant effect on the growth of the host plant. However, the combination of low pH and low Ca delayed nodulation and strongly depressed nodule number and nodule dry weight. At the highest Ca concentration, effects of pH on nodule number were small and not significant, and effects on nodule weight, although significant, were much smaller than at the lowest Ca concentration. It was concluded that nodulation was more sensitive to low Ca and low pH than was host plant growth. At pH 4.5 and 0.5 mM Ca, A1 delayed and depressed nodulation. An activity of 12.7 8M Al delayed nodulation by four days, and reduced nodule number and nodule dry weight drastically. At higher Al activities, nodulation was reduced to zero. The critical Al activities (10% reduction) were approx. 0.3 and 0.5 ,8M for nodule number and nodule dry weight. The dry weight of tops and roots showed a roughly linear decrease with increasing Al activity over the range 0 to 8 8M, both in inoculated plants supplied with 'starter nitrogen' and in plants supplied continuously with adequate mineral nitrogen. Critical A1 activities for growth were in the range of 4 to 8 PM. It was concluded that nodulation was much more sensitive to Al than was host plant growth. The results are discussed in relation to recent literature on the acid tolerance of cowpea.

The effect of solution pH and external calcium concentration on the early growth and nodulation of several annual Medicago species

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 933 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Ewing ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Annual Medics

The study tested the hypothesis that annual medic species which nodulate well in acid soils in the field (M. murex Willd. and M. polymorpha L.) will nodulate better in acid solutions with low calcium concentrations than annual medics which nodulate poorly in acid soils (M, truncatula Gaertn.). Effects of pH (5.5 and 6.5) and calcium concentration (0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM) on the early growth and nodulation of three annual medic species (M. truncatula, M. polymorpha and M. murex) were investigated. Increasing pH or calcium concentration did not increase plant growth for any of the species. However, nodulation was generally depressed by low pH for all species. Increasing calcium concentration in solution increased nodulation in all species. Effects of low pH and low calcium concentration in decreasing nodule number were much greater for M. truncatula than for M. polymorpha and M. murex. At pH 5.5, M. truncatula failed to nodulate at any calcium concentration, whereas a large proportion of M. murex plants nodulated at 1 mM calcium and some M. polymorpha plants nodulated at 2 mM calcium. At pH 6.5, M. polymorpha required 1 mM calcium in solution for maximum nodule number, and M. murex only 0.5 mM calcium, whereas nodule number for M. truncatula increased up to 2 mM calcium, the highest concentration used. The results provide the basis for a simple screening system to distinguish differences among annual medics in nodulation tolerance to acidity. The maintenance of ranking among species with respect to nodulation over a wide range of stresses induced by combinations of low pH and calcium concentration suggest that screening using a single stress combining these two components would be adequate. Nodulation differences between species can be simply and effectively assessed using a scoring system combining number size and location of nodules.

Seed size influences the promoting activity of rhizobia on plant growth, nodulation and N fixation in lima bean

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudyanne do Nascimento Costa ◽  
Jadson Emanuel Lopes Antunes ◽  
João Pedro Alves de Aquino ◽  
Ingrid Sthephanie da Costa Silva ◽  
Angela Celis de Almeida Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Biological N Fixation

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the activity of rhizobia isolates inoculated in large (18 mm) and small (11 mm) seeds on lima bean growth, nodulation and N fixation. Selected rhizobia isolates were compared with a reference strain CIAT899 and two controls without inoculation. Large seeds contributed for highest plant growth, nodulation and N fixation than small seeds. The isolates UFPI-59, UFPI-18 and UFPI-38 promoted the highest values of shoot and root dry weight, respectively. The isolates UFPI-32 promoted the highest values of nodule number, while UFPI-59 promoted the highest values of nodule dry weight. The isolates UFPI-38 and UFPI-59 promoted the highest accumulation of N. This study showed that seed size really influences lima bean growth, nodulation and BNF. Considering rhizobia isolates, UFPI-59, UFPI-38, and UFPI-18 contributed for plant growth, promoted better nodulation and effectiveness on biological N fixation.

Effect of rj1rj1 (non-nodulating) soybeans on nodulation of near isogenic Rj1Rj1 plants in nutrient culture

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 988-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Eskew ◽  
L. E. Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Plant Grown ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

An earlier proposal (Can. J. Microbiol. 7: 851; 1961) that rj1rj1 (non-nodulating) soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) excrete a substance that inhibits nodulation of Rj1Rj1 (nodulating) plants was tested. Using near isogenic lines (isolines) of 'Clark' and 'Harosoy' soybeans, we consistently found nonsignificant reductions in nodule number and acetylene reduction per Rj1Rj1 plant grown in association with their rj1rj1 counterparts; these results suggest that a nodulation inhibitor is not associated with the rj1 gene. Reducing the number of plants grown in each pot produced significant (P = 0.05) reductions in nodule number per Rj1Rj1 plant, and resembled the observations of the earlier report. On this basis, we suggest that the reported inhibition of nodulation was due to a failure to detoxify or remove an inhibitor (possibly nitrate) already present in the nutrient solution. Both Clark isolines removed nitrate from their nutrient solutions at similar rates. Harosoy rj1rj1 plants removed nitrate at a significantly (P = 0.05) slower rate than Harosoy Rj1Rj1 plants, but the differences were not correlated (P = 0.05) with the small observed decreases in nodulation. These differences in nitrate uptake were highly correlated (P = 0.01) with reduced dry weight per Harosoy rj1rj1 plant.

scholarly journals Effects of Low pH of Hydroponic Nutrient Solution on Plant Growth, Nutrient Uptake, and Root Rot Disease Incidence of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1251-1258
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Gillespie ◽  
Chieri Kubota ◽  
Sally A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
Rot Disease

Rootzone pH affects nutrient availability for plants. Hydroponic leafy greens are grown in nutrient solutions with pH 5.5 to 6.5. Lower pH may inhibit plant growth, whereas pathogenic oomycete growth and reproduction may be mitigated. General understanding of pH effects on nutrient availability suggests likely toxicity and deficiency of specific micronutrients. We hypothesized that if adjustments are made to the micronutrient concentrations in solution, plants will grow in lower-than-conventional pH without nutrient disorders, while oomycete disease incidence and severity may be reduced. To develop a new nutrient solution management strategy, we examined pH of 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5 with or without micronutrient adjustments for growing two cultivars of basil plants Dolce Fresca and Nufar in a greenhouse hydroponic deep-water culture (DWC) system. Micronutrient adjustments included reduced concentrations of copper, zinc, manganese, and boron by one-half and doubled molybdenum concentration. Plants harvested 20 to 28 days after transplanting did not show significant effects of pH or the micronutrient adjustment. Phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, manganese, and zinc concentrations in leaves significantly declined, while potassium and aluminum concentrations increased with decreasing pH. However, these changes and therefore micronutrient adjustments did not affect basil plant growth significantly. ‘Nufar’ basil plants were then grown in a growth chamber DWC system at pH 4.0 or a conventional 5.5 with and without inoculation of Pythium aphanidermatum zoospores. Fourteen days after inoculation, P. aphanidermatum oospore production was confirmed only for the inoculated plants in pH 5.5 solution, where a significant reduction of plant growth was observed. The results of the present study indicate that maintaining nutrient solution pH at 4.0 can effectively suppress the severity of root rot caused by P. aphanidermatum initiated by zoospore inoculation without influencing basil growth.

scholarly journals BROADER pH RANGE FOR POTATOES WITH MIXED N THAN WITH EITHER NH4 OR NO3

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 614c-614
Author(s):  
W. Cao ◽  
T.W. Tibbitts
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Total N ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Ph Range

Three nutrient culture experiments were conducted to determine the responses of potatoes (Solanum Tuberosum L.) to various solution pH levels with NO3, NH4, and mixed NO3/NH4 (1/1) at the same total N of 4 mM. The pH levels were maintained at 4, 5, 6, and 7 with NO3 or NH4, and at 4, 4.5, 5, 6, 6.5, 7 with mixed N. In each of the experiments, Norland plants were grown for 28 days after transplanting. With mixed N, plant growth as total dry weight, leaf area and tuber number was essentially similar at pH 4.5 to 7, and decreased only at pH 4. However, with either NO3 or NH4 growth peaked at a particular pH level, pH 5 and 6 respectively, and was significantly reduced at other pH levels with severe stunting at pH 7. With mixed N, the concentrations of total N in shoots were similar at pH 4 to 7 whereas, with either N form, the concentrations of total N were higher at particular pH levels, pH 4 and 5 with NO3 and pH 7 with NH4. The concentrations of P, S, Ca, Mg, and Mn in shoots were similar at pH 4 to 7 with mixed N, but varied at certain pH levels with either NO3 or NH4. The results indicate that the useful pH range for nutrient uptake and plant growth is broader with mixed N than with either NO3 or NH4.

Differential tolerance of genotypes of Medicago truncatula to low pH

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 731 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bounejmate ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Acid Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Commercial Cultivar ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Growth and nodulation of five Moroccan ecotypes of Medicago truncatula Gaertn. Collected from soils of different pH, Medicago truncatula cv. Cyprus and Medicago murex Willd. cv. Zodiac, were compared in soil and solution at different pH values. The seven genotypes tested varied greatly in their ability to grow and nodulate on acid soils. Increasing soil pH from 4.5 to 5.4 increased the shoot dry weight of Cyprus and three M. truncatula ecotypes but not Zodiac and two M. truncatula ecotypes. Cultivar Cyprus, with a shoot dry weight at pH 4.5 only 58% of that at pH 5.4, was the most affected by acidity. Nodulation was the most sensitive step as nodule numbers decreased with increasing acidity for sensitive genotypes. Several genotypes were more able to nodulate at low pH than the commercial cultivar Cyprus. Acid tolerance was not restricted to genotypes occurring naturally in acid soils.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Form and Solution pH Influence Growth and Nutrition of Two Vaccinium Clones

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J. Rosen ◽  
Deborah L. Allan ◽  
James J. Luby
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Ph Influence ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
N Form

The effects of pH and N form on growth and nutrition of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. × V. angustifolium Ait. cv. Northblue) and cranberry (V. macrocarpon Ait. cv. Searles) were tested in separate greenhouse hydroponic experiments. A factorial treatment arrangement of two pH levels (4.5 and 6.5) and three N forms (NO3-N, NH4-N, and NH4-N/NO3-N) was used for each clone. Blueberry shoot growth and final dry weight were greatest at pH 4.5, regardless of N form. In contrast, cranberry fresh weight accumulation and final dry weight were higher with NH4-N/NO3-N or NH4-N than with NO3-N alone. Cranberry plants receiving NO3-N alone accumulated low levels of tissue N and grew relatively poorly at both pH levels. Differences in N response by these two species may be due partially to the environments in which they were selected. Soil from the site where `Northblue' blueberry was selected contained relatively high NO3-N and low NH4-N levels; soil from commercial `Searles' cranberry bogs had relatively low NO3-N and high NH4-N levels. Both species accumulated relatively high levels of root Fe, regardless of pH or N form. Levels of Fe in the root were as much as 100 times higher than in the shoot. Based on X-ray microanalysis of cranberry roots, most of the Fe appeared to be precipitated on the root surface as iron phosphate. Concentrations of Mn in shoots and roots depended on N form and pH. In general, root Mn was highest at pH 6.5 and apparently was precipitated with Fe.

scholarly journals Interactive Effects of Biochar, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous on the Symbiotic Performance, Growth, and Nutrient Uptake of Soybean (Glycine max L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Dilfuza Egamberdieva ◽  
Hua Ma ◽  
Moritz Reckling ◽  
Richard Ansong Omari ◽  
Stephan Wirth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
P Supply

Numerous studies reported the positive effect of soil amendment with biochar on plant development. However, little is known about biochar and its interrelation with nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) additions and their impact on plant growth. We carried out greenhouse experiments to understand the interactive effects of nitrogen and phosphorus supply, as well as biochar amendment, on the symbiotic performance of soybean (Glycine max L.) with Bradyrhizobium japonicum, and plant growth and nutrient uptake. The biochar was produced from maize by heating at 600 °C for 30 min and used for pot experiments at an application rate of 2%. Plants were fertilized with two different concentrations of P (KH2PO4) and N (NH4NO3). Biochar application significantly increased the dry weight of soybean root and shoot biomass, by 34% and 42%, under low nitrogen and low phosphorus supply, respectively. Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation enhanced the dry weight of shoot biomass significantly, by 41% and 67%, in soil without biochar and with biochar addition, respectively. The nodule number was 19% higher in plants grown under low N combined with low or high P, than in high N combinations, while biochar application increased nodule number in roots. Moreover, biochar application increased N uptake of plants in all soil treatments with N or P supply, compared with B. japonicum-inoculated and uninoculated plants. A statistical difference in P uptake of plants between biochar and nutrient levels was observed with low N and high P supply in the soil. Our results show that the interactions between nitrogen, phosphorus, and biochar affect soybean growth by improving the symbiotic performance of B. japonicum and the growth and nutrition of soybean. We observed strong positive correlations between plant shoot biomass, root biomass, and N and P uptake. These data indicated that the combined use of biochar and low N, P application can be an effective approach in improving soybean growth with minimum nutrient input.

scholarly journals Evaluation of synergistic potential of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria with Rhizobium in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 995-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satveer Kaur ◽  
Veena Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Agricultural Chemicals ◽  
Rhizobium Inoculation ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Plant Length

A pot experiment was conducted in glass house at PAU research farm, Ludhiana, Punjab, India to evaluate effect of co-inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria with Rhizobium on mungbean productivity. Coinoculation showed a significant increase at 5% in nodule number, nodule dry weight, shoot and root dry and fresh weight, plant length, no. of pods, chlorophyll and leghaemoglobin content, over Rhizobium alone. Application of PGPRs R-4, R-6, S-5, S-9 and S-11 along with Rhizobium further enhanced the grain yield over Rhizobium inoculation alone. Rizobacterial isolates R-6 and S-11 co-inoculated with Rhizobium showed better result than other isolates.These plant beneficial rhizobacteria may decrease the global dependence on various hazardous agricultural chemicals used in mungbean.

Nodule Physiology of a Supernodulating Soybean (Glyine max) Mutant

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Day ◽  
GD Price ◽  
KA Schuller ◽  
PM Gresshoff
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Acetylene Reduction Activity ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Reduction Activity ◽  
Inoculum Dose ◽  
Glycine Max L

The nodule physiology of a supernodulating, nitrate tolerant symbiosis soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) mutant (nts382) was compared to that of its wild-type parent, cv. Bragg. Nodule number and mass were greater in nts382 than cv. Bragg and individual nodule mass, bacteroid and haem content, and acetylene reduction activity per g nodule were less. Acetylene reduction activity expressed per mg bacteroid protein was the same in the two genotypes. In median sections, the ratio of infected to total nodule area was smaller in nts382, infected cell size was smaller and there were fewer bacteroids per peribacteroid envelope. When inoculum dose was decreased from 109 to 103 viable cells per pot, nodule number on nts382 decreased approximately to that on cv. Bragg; nodule size, bacteroid and haem contents increased as did nodule acetylene reduction activity. Application of moderate levels of nitrate, which did not significantly affect symbiotic parameters of cv. Bragg or high inoculum nts382, stimulated nodule growth and nitrogenase activity of low inoculum nts382. A combination of nitrate and low inoculum levels enhanced nodule parameters of nts382 to the level usually seen with cv. Bragg. When supernodulated, plant dry weight of nts382 was less than that of Bragg; decreasing inoculum dose had no significant effect but nitrate application increased plant growth; nitrate plus low inoculum induced similar plant growth to that of cv. Bragg. Nodule carbohydrate content was similar in both genotypes but nodule and xylem sap ureide contents were higher in nts382. In general, nodules of supernodulated nts382 resembled under-developed cv. Bragg nodules; when supernodulation was avoided by using low inoculum doses, ,nts382 nodules resembled those of cv. Bragg. Nitrogen metabolism in the mutant seems to be disturbed, resulting in ureide accumulation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document