Effect of rj1rj1 (non-nodulating) soybeans on nodulation of near isogenic Rj1Rj1 plants in nutrient culture

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 988-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Eskew ◽  
L. E. Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Plant Grown ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

An earlier proposal (Can. J. Microbiol. 7: 851; 1961) that rj1rj1 (non-nodulating) soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) excrete a substance that inhibits nodulation of Rj1Rj1 (nodulating) plants was tested. Using near isogenic lines (isolines) of 'Clark' and 'Harosoy' soybeans, we consistently found nonsignificant reductions in nodule number and acetylene reduction per Rj1Rj1 plant grown in association with their rj1rj1 counterparts; these results suggest that a nodulation inhibitor is not associated with the rj1 gene. Reducing the number of plants grown in each pot produced significant (P = 0.05) reductions in nodule number per Rj1Rj1 plant, and resembled the observations of the earlier report. On this basis, we suggest that the reported inhibition of nodulation was due to a failure to detoxify or remove an inhibitor (possibly nitrate) already present in the nutrient solution. Both Clark isolines removed nitrate from their nutrient solutions at similar rates. Harosoy rj1rj1 plants removed nitrate at a significantly (P = 0.05) slower rate than Harosoy Rj1Rj1 plants, but the differences were not correlated (P = 0.05) with the small observed decreases in nodulation. These differences in nitrate uptake were highly correlated (P = 0.01) with reduced dry weight per Harosoy rj1rj1 plant.

scholarly journals Interactive Effects of Biochar, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous on the Symbiotic Performance, Growth, and Nutrient Uptake of Soybean (Glycine max L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Dilfuza Egamberdieva ◽  
Hua Ma ◽  
Moritz Reckling ◽  
Richard Ansong Omari ◽  
Stephan Wirth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
P Supply

Numerous studies reported the positive effect of soil amendment with biochar on plant development. However, little is known about biochar and its interrelation with nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) additions and their impact on plant growth. We carried out greenhouse experiments to understand the interactive effects of nitrogen and phosphorus supply, as well as biochar amendment, on the symbiotic performance of soybean (Glycine max L.) with Bradyrhizobium japonicum, and plant growth and nutrient uptake. The biochar was produced from maize by heating at 600 °C for 30 min and used for pot experiments at an application rate of 2%. Plants were fertilized with two different concentrations of P (KH2PO4) and N (NH4NO3). Biochar application significantly increased the dry weight of soybean root and shoot biomass, by 34% and 42%, under low nitrogen and low phosphorus supply, respectively. Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation enhanced the dry weight of shoot biomass significantly, by 41% and 67%, in soil without biochar and with biochar addition, respectively. The nodule number was 19% higher in plants grown under low N combined with low or high P, than in high N combinations, while biochar application increased nodule number in roots. Moreover, biochar application increased N uptake of plants in all soil treatments with N or P supply, compared with B. japonicum-inoculated and uninoculated plants. A statistical difference in P uptake of plants between biochar and nutrient levels was observed with low N and high P supply in the soil. Our results show that the interactions between nitrogen, phosphorus, and biochar affect soybean growth by improving the symbiotic performance of B. japonicum and the growth and nutrition of soybean. We observed strong positive correlations between plant shoot biomass, root biomass, and N and P uptake. These data indicated that the combined use of biochar and low N, P application can be an effective approach in improving soybean growth with minimum nutrient input.

EFFECTS OF INOCULATION AND FERTILIZER N LEVELS ON N2 FIXATION AND YIELDS OF SOYBEANS IN ONTARIO

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1129-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERNEST SEMU ◽  
D. J. HUME
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Nodule Efficiency

Soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) often do not give yield responses to added fertilizer nitrogen (N) because high soil N levels inhibit fixation of atmospheric N2. Yield responses to N fertilizer applied at planting usually indicate that N2 fixation is less than optimal. The effects of inoculation with Rhizobium japonicum, and fertilizer N levels, on soybean N2(C2H2) fixation and seed yields in Ontario were investigated in ’ 1976 and 1977. Three locations were used each year, representing areas where soybeans had been grown for many years (Ridgetown), for only a few years (Elora), or not at all (Woodstock). Treatments were (a) Uninoculated + 0 N, (b–e) Inoculated + 0, 50, 100 or 200 kg N/ha. Results indicated that inoculation increased seed yields only when soybeans were introduced into new areas. Fertilizer N applications at planting time did not increase yields in areas where soybeans had been grown several times previously, indicating that N2 fixation could support maximum yields. Nodule number and mass, and N2(C2H2) fixation rates were all decreased by fertilizer N. An increase in nodule efficiency, later in the season, in high N treatments was most marked at Ridgetown.

scholarly journals Evaluation by grafting technique of changes in the contribution of root-to-shoot development and biomass production in soybean (Glycine max) cultivars released from 1929 to 2006 in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoning Cao ◽  
Tingting Wu ◽  
Shi Sun ◽  
Cunxiang Wu ◽  
Caijie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Grafting Technique ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Roots

Root traits are essential for optimising nutrient and water absorption and anchorage. However, changes in root traits and the contribution of root-to-shoot growth and development of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) across a century of breeding are poorly documented. In this study, we adopted a grafting technique, using 55 cultivars released in the three main soybean-production regions in China as rootstocks in a pot experiment and 24 cultivars from the Yellow-Huai-Hai Valley (YHH) region as rootstocks in a field experiment, with cv. Zigongdongdou as the common scion. Changes in soybean roots, including dry weight (DW) of roots, lateral root number (LRN) and taproot length (TRL), and their contribution to shoot development and biomass formation, including shoot DW, plant height and node number, were evaluated under optimal conditions in 2011. Aboveground traits declined with year of release in the YHH region and did not vary over time in the northern Heilongjiang province and mid-south Heilongjiang region except for shoot DW. The root traits root DW, LRN and TRL were similar over years of release in the pot and field experiments. The results suggest that the newer cultivars have lesser shoot growth and root capacity but the same amount of root growth as older cultivars. Root traits did not change during selection, suggesting that improvement in soybean root traits should be an aim in future breeding.

scholarly journals Simulated mesotrione drift followed by glyphosate, imazethapyr, bentazon or glyphosate plus chlorimuron in soybean

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272
Author(s):  
L. R. Brown ◽  
D. E. Robinson ◽  
K. Chandler ◽  
C. J. Swanton ◽  
R. E. Nurse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Herbicide Drift

There have been anecdotal accounts of increased crop sensitivity due to herbicide drift followed by an in-crop herbicide. An experiment was conducted from 2005 to 2007 at Elora, Ridgetown, and Woodstock, Ontario, to determine the effects of simulated mesotrione drift followed by in-crop applications of glyphosate, imazethapyr, bentazon and glyphosate plus chlorimuron on glyphosate-resistant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] visual injury, plant height, plant density, shoot dry weight, and seed yield. As the rate of simulated mesotrione drift increased, there was an increase in soybean injury and a decrease in shoot dry weight, height, and yield. Simulated mesotrione drift followed by bentazon resulted in synergistic responses in injury shortly after application in some environments. This increase in injury was transient, with no synergistic responses in density, shoot dry weight, and yield. In contrast, antagonistic responses were observed when glyphosate, imazethapyr, or glyphosate plus chlorimuron were applied after simulated mesotrione drift in some environments. Further research is required to develop a better understanding of the interactions of drift followed by the application of an in-crop herbicide. Key words: Bentazon, chlorimuron, glyphosate, imazethapyr, mesotrione, synergism

SOME EFFECTS OF NITRATE ON SOYBEAN ROOT DEVELOPMENT

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. STONE ◽  
B. R. BUTTERY
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Root Extension ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Top Dry Weight

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of nitrate on some morphological aspects of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) root growth and to determine the role of drainage in the response. Two indeterminate soybean cultivars were grown on 0, 10 and 40% mixtures of perlite and Brookston clay loam, supplied with Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain USDA 110, and watered with nutrient solutions containing 0 or 6 mM nitrate. Plants were grown in acrylic tubes until 21 and 53 d after emergence in corresponding field and growth room experiments, respectively. Response variables measured were the rate of taproot extension, root counts at the acrylic-soil interface, and top, root, and nodule dry weight. Nitrate suppressed nodule development and increased top dry weight but had no effect on the rate of taproot extension. Nitrate increased root counts and root dry weights in the field test, but decreased root counts in the growth room test. Top:root ratio was increased in the growth room but not in the field test. Increasing the proportion of perlite generally increased rates of root extension, root counts, and top dry weights in the field and growth room experiments. However, the soil mixture had no effect on nodule dry weight at either location, or on root dry weight in the growth room.Key words: Root extension, Glycine max, indeterminate, drainage

scholarly journals Effect of water hyacinth compost on the morpho-physiological parameters of Soybean (Glycine max l.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 084-095
Author(s):  
Ogbuehi HC ◽  
Ibe PK
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Number Of Leaves

A pot experiment was conducted under rainfed condition to study the effect of water hyacinth compost on the morpho-physiological parameters of soybean (Glycine max L.) at the Teaching and Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Imo State University, Owerri. The treatments were control (T1) 100g (T2), 150g (T3) and 200g (T4) of water hyacinth compost and replicated four times. The treatments were arranged in Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The parameters measured were plant height, number of leaves, leaf area (cm2), leaf area index, relative growth rate (RGR), Net assimilation rate (NAR), shoot dry weight(g), yield and yield components (Number of pods, pods weight, 100 seed weight). The results obtained indicated that T3 significantly produced highest plant height (57.6cm) compare to control. While it was observed that T4 (200g) significantly produced the highest number of leaves (233.25), leaf area (631.80cm2), shoot dry weight (15.445g), number of pods (129.75), pod weights (25.38g) seed weight (7.23g) and yield (0.72kg/ha) relative to control and other treatment levels. Root parameters were also significantly improved by the rates of water hyacinth application compared to control. It will be worthy to note that there was no nodulation perhaps that was why the yield was poor. The results showed that soybean growth can effectively be improved with incorporation of water hyacinth into soil.

scholarly journals ​The Effect of Rhizobacteria in the Reducing drought Stress in Soybean (Glycine max L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Oral ◽  
R. Tunçtürk ◽  
M. Tunçtürk
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Irrigation Levels

Background: This study was carried out to determine the effects of rhizobacteria and blue green algae applications on some physiological properties of soybean (Glycina max L.) grown under water stress. Methods: The experiment was conducted in factorial order with 4 replications according to the randomized plot trial design. In the research, Arýsoy variety belonging to soybean (Glycine max L.) species was used. In the experiment, it was aimed to examine the effects of three different irrigation levels (100, 50 and 25%) on some physiological characteristics of soybean with a control (control (B0), two different bacteria used. In this study, strains R1 of Azospirillum lipoferum bacteria, strains numbered 98 belonging to Bacillus megaterium bacteriaein and one blue green algae (Chlorella saccharophilia) were used. Result: According to the average data obtained, root length is 24.75 cm- 30.85 cm, seedling length 28.10-36.57 cm, root fresh weight 1.10-1.43 g, seedling wet weight 1.55-2.41 g, root dry weight 0.15-0.18 g, seedling dry weight 0.38-0.46 g, azote balance index 70.64-82.90 (dualex value), flavonol 0.375-0.398 (dualex value) and anthocyanin 0.016-0.045 (dualex value), with water restriction showed a decrease in most of these values. It has been determined that the rhizobacteria and blue-green algae have a decreasing and regulating effect on the physiological properties examined.

scholarly journals Karyotype and Growth Analysis of UV-induced Soybean (Glycine max L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Elimasni
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Uv Exposure ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Karyotype and growth analysis of Soybean (Glycine max L.) after exposed to Ultraviolet light had been done. The objective of this research was to investigate karyotype design and vegetative growth of soybean induced with UV light. The experiment was Completely Randomized Designed with 2 treatment factors. The first factor was Ultraviolet light by 3 levels: 10, 20 and 30 Watt and the second was the length of UV exposure by 3 levels: 5, 10, and 15 minutes. Each treatment was replicated 2 times and the plant that was not exposed to UV used as control. The karyotype was observed by squash method. The results showed that the intensity and duration of UV light has no effect on the number of chromosomes but the light has effect on the number of chromosomes type. Statistical analysis showed that the increase in UV energy up to 30 Watt and time exposure of 15 minutes, caused the increase on height, number of leaves, flowers, the fresh and dry weight of plant, and chlorophyll concentration compared to untreated plants.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Applications on Nitrogen Remobilization and Grain Yield in Soybean (Glycine max [L] Merril) in the Savelugu-Nanton Municipality in Northern Region of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1514-1523
Author(s):  
John Bokaligidi Lambon ◽  
Joseph Sarkodie- Addo ◽  
James Mantent Kombiok
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Remobilization ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
N Remobilization

Two experiments were conducted in the Savelugu-Nanton Municipality of the Northern Region of Ghana in 2012 and 2013 to assess the effect of N fertilizer on growth, N remobilization and grain yield of three local varieties of soybean (Glycine max [L] Merill). The experiments were a 3 x 4 factorial laid in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Factor A was soybean varieties (Jenguma, Quarshie, Ahotor); Factor B was 0, 15, 30 and 45 kg N ha-1. The experimental fields were planted manually on the flat by drilling and later thinned to 2 plants hill-1 at 0.50 m × 0.10 m with a population of about 400 000 plants ha-1. Growth and yield parameters measured were plant height, nodule number plant-1, nodule dry weight plant-1, percent nodule effectiveness, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, 100 seed weight, harvest index and grain yield. The results showed that the control recorded lower figures in all growth parameters. Nitrogen remobilization was also observed in all plots, which indicate that soybean needs greater levels of N during grain filling. Again, N remobilization and soybean yield were highest in the 45 kg N ha-1 treatment compared to the other treatments. However, considering the overall yields, farmers in the study area should be advised to adopt starter N fertilization of soybean for higher yields as the soils are highly degraded in soil fertility.

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